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1.
【目的】研究底拖网作业对珠江口香港海域底层鱼类的影响。【方法】根据2007-2009年及2014-2016年在珠江口香港海域进行的定点底拖网调查数据,分析该海域在禁止底拖网捕捞实施前后鱼类种类组成及生物量和生态多样性指数,评估5种典型底层鱼类资源的变化。【结果与结论】该海域捕获鱼类种类数在禁止底拖网作业后明显增加,鱼类种类数量从44种升至73种。种类丰富度指数D变化范围为:2007至2009年,4.937~5.711,2014至2016年,6.559~7.074;多样性指数H'变化范围为:2007至2009年,1.945~2.841,2014至2016年,2.220~2.381;均匀度指数J变化范围为:2007至2009年,0.539~0.776,2014至2016年,0.557~0.600。卵鳎Solea ovata、韦式羊舌鮃Arnoglossus waitei、尖嘴魟Dasyatis zugei这3种底层鱼类禁止底拖网实施后在数量(number)和生物量(biomass)上都增幅明显。不同站位数量和生物量的数值在“禁拖令”实施后也都有所增加,其中以站位2(大屿山以北,较靠近香港国际机场海域)增加最为显著。 相似文献
2.
【目的】研究雷州半岛东部近岸海域大型底栖经济甲壳动物的群落结构及其影响因素,为甲壳类资源评估与合理利用提供参考依据。【方法】于2016年4月至2017年2月按季度在该海域开展4个航次的渔业资源底拖网调查,采集经济甲壳动物样品,并进行分类鉴定,同时采集环境数据。采用聚类分析和冗余分析(RDA),评价该海域不同季节甲壳动物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系。【结果】共有甲壳动物98种,隶属2目24科43属;全年优势种有变态蟳(Charybdis variegata)、哈氏仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis hardwickii)和须赤虾(Metapenaeopsis barbata)等10种;各季节丰富度指数(D)、多样性指数(H′)、均匀度指数(J′)均以夏季最高,冬、春季次之,秋季最低;各季节均可划分为两个群落(Anosim test:0.579相似文献
3.
《广东海洋大学学报》2021,(3)
【目的】研究海南东部外海海域鱼类群落特征,比较其与近海海域鱼类群落的差异,为海南外海渔业资源的科学管理提供参考依据。【方法】运用群落参数和环境-生物的冗余分析(RDA,Redundancy analysis)研究2019年春季(4月)、秋季(9月)水深86～380 m的海南东部外海海域鱼类群落结构特征。【结果与结论】春、秋季共调查到鱼类312种,隶属于26目96科195属。优势种组成方面,春季为黄鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus hypargyreus)和深水金线鱼(Nemipterus bathybius);秋季为蓝圆鲹(Decapterus maruadsi)、黄鳍马面鲀、深水金线鱼和短尾大眼鲷(Priacanthusmacracanthus);春秋季共有优势种深水金线鱼和黄鳍马面鲀的优势体长存在明显的季节波动,黄鳍马面鲀为秋季(80～105 mm)大于春季(60～85 mm),而深水金线鱼则反之。渔获量季节变化明显,秋季多样性特征指数平均值略高于春季。RDA结果表明,水深、pH、水温、溶解氧和盐度在春、秋季对鱼类资源量(质量密度,kg/km2)空间变化的解释率分别为58.34%、53.94%。水深(P=0.003～0.004)和pH (P=0.017～0.002)在春秋季均对鱼类群落结构有显著影响,盐度仅在秋季有显著影响(P=0.013),在春季则无影响(P=0.860)。海南东部外海海域鱼类种类组成、资源量优于海南近海、雷州湾、大亚湾和北部湾海域;在渔业资源开发过程中,除应关注主要经济种类种群水平上的捕捞产量外,更应关注群落水平上种类多样性及优势种的季节变化。 相似文献
4.
【目的】研究南海北部湾海域秋季蓝圆鲹与竹筴鱼的摄食生态特征和种间食物竞争。【方法】采用胃含物分析法,对2017年10月北部湾底拖网调查和港口随机取样收集的119尾蓝圆鲹(Decapterusmaruadsi)和198尾竹筴鱼(Trachurus japonicus)胃含物样品进行分析,通过肉眼直接观察或显微镜间接观察胃中残留的饵料,饵料种类鉴定、计数、称重等对食性做定量分析,以估算两种鱼类的营养级和生态位宽度,并利用生态位重叠研究两种鱼类的食物竞争关系。【结果与结论】蓝圆鲹的饵料种类19种(属),以桡足类和小型鱼类为主,优势饵料生物为布氏半棱鳀(Encrasicholinapunctifer);竹筴鱼的饵料种类18种(属),以小型鱼类和浮游甲壳类为主,优势饵料为中国毛虾(Acetes chinensis)。两种鱼类均为游泳动物食性,均存在摄食转换,随着叉长的增长,蓝圆鲹的饵料生物由小型浮游动物为主转变为小型鱼类为主,竹筴鱼的饵料生物由小型鱼类为主转变为以樱虾类和较大鱼类为主。蓝圆鲹和竹筴鱼的空胃率、竹筴鱼的平均胃饱满指数均随个体生长呈显著变化(P<0.05),但蓝圆鲹的平均胃饱满指数随个体生长无显著变化(P>0.05)。蓝圆鲹和竹筴鱼的营养级分别为3.63和3.40,营养生态位宽度分别为1.70和1.24,生态位重叠系数0.56,表明两种鱼类之间存在一定的食物竞争。 相似文献
5.
【目的】调查灌河口邻近海域生态环境状况。【方法】2016年5月对该海域进行水质、沉积物和生物生态现状调查。【结果与结论】水质主要超标因子为无机氮、磷酸盐;沉积物质量监测项目全部符合一类沉积物质量标准。浮游植物生物多样性指数丰富(3.11),浮游动物、游泳动物的生物多样性指数较丰富(大于2),底栖生物较贫乏(0.97)。底栖生物密度与沉积物硫化物显著正相关。浮游植物密度与叶素绿a显著正相关。小型网浮游动物密度与水温、化学需氧量显著负相关,其种类与营养盐、化学需氧量显著负相关,二者均与盐度显著正相关。 相似文献
6.
【目的】调查了解镇江豚类保护区鱼类资源状况,丰富鱼类资源本底数据。【方法】于2013、2016和2019年,分别开展3次渔业资源调查,对该区域鱼类种类组成、优势种、体型大小及群落多样性进行统计分析。【结果】共记录鱼类68种属于7目13科47属;鲤形目(Cypriniformes)鱼类种类占比较为稳定,鲇形目(Siluriformes)鱼类资源量有下降趋势,鲈形目(Siluriformes)鱼类种类占比上升明显;不同年份优势种替代较为明显;2016年的物种丰富度指数和多样性指数最高,分别为6.528、3.026。【结论】保护区鱼类资源较为丰富,但不同年份鱼类群落变化较为明显,渔业资源面临小型化趋势。 相似文献
7.
【目的】运用不同生物指数分析胶州湾口海域底栖生态环境变化情况,以期为胶州湾环境保护政策制定及后续生态修复提供参考。【方法】于2016―2019年各年9月在青岛胶州湾口薛家岛海域设置12个站位进行大型底栖动物调查,分析该海域大型底栖动物栖息密度、生物量及群落结构特征,并运用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H′、海洋生物指数AMBI和多变量海洋生物指数M-AMBI评价该海域底栖生境健康状况的时空变化。【结果】2016―2019年共鉴定大型底栖动物84种,其中多毛类(39种)、甲壳类(23种)和软体动物(15种)是该海域的主要组成类群,平均栖息密度和生物量分别为130 m-2和7.22 g/m2。多毛类寡鳃齿吻沙蚕(Micronephthys oligobranchia)、拟特须虫(Paralacydonia paradoxa)、软背鳞虫(Lepidonotus helotypus),节肢动物绒毛细足蟹(Raphidopus ciliatus)、隆线强蟹(Eucrate crenata)和头索动物青岛文昌鱼(Branchiostoma jap... 相似文献
8.
【目的】探讨放养鱼类对乌梁素海水生态的影响。【方法】2017年7月-2018年4月共设置6个采样点,分别对乌梁素海现存水草区与鱼类放养区水体表层浮游植物进行调查分析,并对两区域的营养状态与水质状况进行分析评价。【结果】调查共鉴定出浮游植物8门76属154种,其中现存水草区(142种)多于鱼类放养区(88种),现存水草区浮游植物种属组成为硅藻-绿藻-蓝藻型,鱼类放养区为绿藻-硅藻-蓝藻型。现存水草区平均多样性指数(H′)、丰富度指数(D)分别为4.29、4.23,明显高于鱼类放养区(2.46、2.30)。两区域浮游植物优势种共26种,其中现存水草区(24种)多于鱼类放养区(11种),现存水草区以蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻为主要优势种,而鱼类放养区则以蓝藻为绝对优势种。浮游植物平均密度现存水草区(25.19×106 cell/L)显著低于鱼类放养区(275.79×106 cell/L)(P <0.05),而平均生物量现存水草区(13.34 mg/L)虽低于鱼类放养区(36.20 mg/L),但差异不显著(P> 0.05)。研究显示,现存水草区营养状态为中营养-轻度富营养,鱼类放养区为中度富营养-重度富营养;两区域水质均为中度污染到重度污染状态。【结论】与历史数据相比,现存水草区浮游植物群落表现为浮游植物多样性下降、种类小型化、优势种转变为蓝藻为主。与现存水草区相比,鱼类放养区浮游植物群落因放养鲢、鳙的摄食导致浮游植物多样性下降、种类小型化、优势种向可食性差、生长快的群体型蓝藻演替。 相似文献
9.
【目的】研究湛江港水体夏季后向散射特性。【方法】利用2017年夏季湛江港海域的航次数据,采用实验与对比分析的方法,研究湛江港海域水体的后向散射系数的光谱特性、空间分布,分析后向散射系数与悬浮泥沙浓度的关系。【结果】湛江港海域水体的后向散射系数的光谱模型符合乘幂的形式,波长指数(n)为1.61。后向散射系数的空间分布呈现近岸高值,外海低值的特点。后向散射系数与悬浮泥沙浓度存在良好的线性回归关系,决定系数(R2)为0.707 2。【结论】水体的后向散射系数可用于水体悬浮泥沙浓度的遥感反演。 相似文献
10.
【目的】研究人工鱼礁生态区浮游动物种群分布和群落结构变化规律以及对主要环境因子响应机制。【方法】于2019年3月和9月对海南文昌人工鱼礁附近海域展开调查研究,各获取7个站位的样品数据,通过形态鉴定与Pearson相关性分析,比较浮游动物的群落特征,并探讨其季节性差异的影响因素。【结果与结论】鱼礁生态区共鉴定浮游动物48科61属79种,浮游幼体19类;春季53属65种,秋季45属53种;分为暖温带类群、暖水沿岸类群和暖水广布类群三个生态类群。优势种随季节的变化而更替,春季以鸟喙尖头溞(Penilia avirostris)和锥形宽水蚤(Temora turbinata)为主,秋季则以瘦歪水蚤(Tortanus gracilis)和肥胖箭虫(Sagitta enflata)等种类组成。浮游动物种类数、物种丰富度、丰度和生物量整体呈现为春季大于秋季,尤其是丰度、生物量呈极显著差异性(P <0.01),而多样性指数、均匀度则反之。海洋理化环境因子与浮游动物相关参数存在相关性,春季水温、NH4-N质量浓度为主要环境限制因子,与丰度、均匀度和多样性指数存在显著负相关性(... 相似文献
11.
【目的】比较分析湛江近海有色溶解有机物(CDOM)的不同反演算法,并将最佳算法应用于卫星遥感数据,了解湛江近海CDOM空间分布。【方法】基于湛江湾及邻近海域的海上观测资料,利用QAA-E、QAA-Dong和QAA-CDOM三种经典半分析算法以及经验算法反演湛江近海CDOM浓度。【结果与结论】QAA-CDOM算法在三种经典半分析算法中精度最高,平均相对误差(MRE)为28.8%,均方根误差(RMSE)为0.07。同时,利用Rrs(665)/Rrs(444)与a_g(440)进行回归分析,建立CDOM反演的经验算法,决定系数为0.65,验证点的MRE为26.5%,RMSE为0.07。将经验算法应用到Sentinel-2卫星数据,得到CDOM反演空间分布图,显示鉴江口CDOM浓度较高,而硇洲岛附近及离岸较远的海域CDOM浓度较低。 相似文献
12.
An index of relative importance (IRI) was employed to screen for dominant fish in the waters surrounding the Taishan Islands, China, using data from four seasonal trawl surveys undertaken between 2012 and 2013. Niche breadth and niche overlap were measured using the Feinsinger and Morisita-Horn indices, respectively, and the characteristics and seasonal variations in the niches of dominant fish were assessed via non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and cluster analysis. A total of 80 fish species, including 16 dominant species, were recorded. Only Amblychaeturichthys hexanema was dominant in all seasons. According to niche breadth values and NMDS, the 16 dominant species were grouped into the following three types: (1) wide niche breadth species, including Cynoglossus macrolepidotus, A. hexanema, and Trypauchen vagina, among others; (2) medium niche breadth species, including Setipinna taty and Johnius belangerii; and (3) narrow niche breadth species, including Atrobucca nibe and Coilia mystus. Most species with a wider niche breadth were demersal fish with a lower swimming capability and even distribution. The niche breadth of migrating fish was narrower than that of settled fish. At a given spatial scale, fish with stronger swimming capabilities had a narrower niche breadth. Niche overlap, which is associated with niche specialization, ranged from 0.000 to 0.886 and had an annual mean value of 0.314. In summer and autumn, niche overlap was relatively high within species of the Sciaenidae family and within species of the Gobiidae in autumn. Differences in thermophily, feeding habits, food organism abundance/distribution and predator-prey relationships affected the niche overlap of fish in this area. Cluster analysis revealed that species with the narrowest niche breadth and lowest niche overlap values usually displayed lower aggregation and greater distribution differences compared with other species. 相似文献
13.
根据2010~2011年中街山列岛水域4个季节的渔业资源调查资料,分析了该水域虾类资源密度和群落多样性,并探讨了底层温度、底层盐度和水深对虾类数量分布和多样性的影响.结果表明:共有虾类20种,隶属于9科18属;广温广盐种无论在种类数还是尾数密度与生物量均占主导地位;虾类生物量和尾数密度在季节分布上,以冬季最高,冬季均与春、夏和秋三季呈显著差异(p值<0.05);平面分布上,生物量与密度指数总体上呈南北高、中间低,东部高西部低的特征;生物量与平均底温显著相关(P<0.05),与平均底盐和水深相关性较差(p值>0.05);葛氏长臂虾、细巧仿对虾、中国毛虾、日本鼓虾和中华管鞭虾为四季的优势种,且均属广温广盐种;虾类群落Margalef丰富度指数为0.61~1.09,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为0.76~1.31,Pielou均匀度指数为0.50~0.70,其中丰富度指数和多样性指数春季与冬季均存在显著差异(P<0.05),均匀度指数秋季与冬季存在显著差异(p值<0.05). 相似文献
14.
【目的】探明湛江市售鱼干中曲霉菌(Aspergillus spp.)分离株产AFB1的特性。【方法】采用马铃薯-葡萄糖琼脂(PDA)对鱼干中的曲霉菌进行分离纯化,根据菌落形态、显微形态观察和ITS序列分析对分离株进行鉴定,采用液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法分析菌株的AFB1合成量。【结果】鱼干中曲霉菌的分离率高达47.66%,经形态学鉴定发现以黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)A03、烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus)H32、杂色曲霉(Aspergillus versicolor)M23、欧式曲霉(Aspergillus europaeus)M11、棘孢曲霉(Aspergillus aculeatus)B21等为主,其中红笛鲷干(Lutjanus sanguinaus)中黄曲霉菌的含量高达1200 CFU/g。黄曲霉A03在红笛鲷干培养基中常温(27~30℃)培养21 d,产AFB1能力达到3.8 ng/mL。【结论】鱼干中存在产AFB1的黄曲霉菌,警示鱼干中存在AFB1污染的风险。 相似文献
15.
Fish assemblage structure in the hypoxic zone in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuary and its adjacent waters were analyzed
based on data from bottom trawl surveys conducted on the R/V Beidou in June, August and October 2006. Four fish assemblages were identified in each survey using two-way indicator species analysis
(TWIA). High fish biomass was found in the northern part, central part and coastal waters of the survey area; in contrast,
high fish diversity was found in the southern part of the survey area and the Changjiang estuary outer waters. Therefore,
it is difficult to maintain high fishery production when high fish diversity is evenly distributed in the fish community.
Fish became smaller and fish size spectra tended to be narrower because of fish species variations and differences in growth
characteristics. Fish diversity increased, the age to maturity was reduced and some migrant species were not collected in
the surveys. Fish with low economic value, small size, simple age structure and low tropic level were predominant in fish
assemblages in the Changjiang estuary and its adjacent waters. The lowest hypoxic value decreased in the Changjiang estuary
and its adjacent waters. 相似文献
16.
东海中部夏季鱼类群落结构及其多样性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据2008年8月东海区主要渔场重要渔业资源调查资料,分析东海中部鱼类的种类组成、区系特征、多样性等群落结构特征。结果表明:共调查捕获鱼类88种,其中暖水种59种,占67.0%;暖温种29种,占33.0%。相对重要性指数(IRI)值大于500的优势种鱼类共有5种,分别为带鱼、刺鲳、小黄鱼、六斑刺鲀和鳄齿鱼;种类丰富度指数变动范围为0.10～2.31,平均为0.88;Shannon-Wiener多样度指数变动范围为0.01～1.86,平均为0.87;种类均匀度指数变动范围为0.01～0.92,平均为0.41;东海中部夏季鱼类多样性指数与往年相比有下降的趋势。 相似文献
17.
The status of fishery stocks in the coastal waters of China is far from ideal, mainly due to climate change and the impacts
of human activities (e.g., pollution and overfishing). Thus, the restoration and protection of fishery resources have become
critical and complex. The stability and balanced structure of the fish community is a basic foundation for the protection
of fishery resources. Based on data collected from bottom trawls by the R/V Beidou in continental shelf of the East China Sea in November 2006 and February 2007, changes in the composition and diversity of
fish species and functional groups were analyzed. The research area was divided into offshore waters and inshore waters by
the two-way indicator species analysis (TWIA). The results showed that the dominant species were different between offshore
waters and inshore waters and also varied with the survey time. The most abundant family was Sciaenidae and Teraponidae in
November 2006, Sciaenidae, Engraulidae and Triglidae were most abundant in February 2007. The species belonged mainly to mobile
piscivores (G6), benthivores/piscivores (G4), benthivores (G3) and planktivores (G1), and the dominant species in November
2006 were commercial species (e.g. Larimichthys polyactis and Trichiurus japonicus), but small-sized species were dominant in February 2007 (e.g., Harpadon nehereus, Benthosema pterotum, Champsodon capensis, and Acropoma japonicum). The species diversity showed a similar trend as the functional group diversity. Stations with higher diversity were mainly
distributed in inshore waters in February 2007, whereas higher diversity was found in offshore waters in November 2006. The
highest biomass and species number were found in G6 group, followed by the G4, G5 and G1 groups. The distribution of the number
of individuals of each functional group showed the opposite trend as that of the biomass distribution. In addition, the size
spectra were mainly concentrated around 3–29 cm, and the individual number of fish species gradually decreased with the increase
in body size, but the relative biomass showed a moderate fluctuation in each size class. These changes showed that species
with faster growth rate and earlier maturity age became dominant in continental shelf of the East China Sea. So the variations
in biological characteristics of fish should be fully considered in maintaining sustainable utilization of fishery resource. 相似文献