共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 995 毫秒
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简要回顾了利用数字高程模型自动提取流域水系的方法,着重介绍了Martz和Garbrecht开发的数字高程流域水系模型(DEDNM)的基本原理、模型结构、计算流程,包括数字高程模型中凹陷区域的识别和消除、平坦部位水流流向设定、流域分水线勾划、河网生成、河网与子流域编码及河网结构拓扑关系的建立,并将其应用于淮河史灌河流域--全球能量与水分循环亚洲季风试验强化观测区。结果表明该模型能够很好地自动生成流域水系,从而为分布式水文模型的开发研制提供了坚实的基础。 相似文献
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以地理信息软件ArcGIS10.0为平台,基于数字高程模型(DEM),探讨其水文分析模块在流域提取、流域水系提取及河流分级的算法和原理。并以汀江流域为例,详述流域水文地理信息的提取方法和步骤,实现流域边界、流域水系的提取及河网的分级。结果表明：以流域面积为主要控制信息,提取的成果均能较好地吻合流域的实际情况,该方法具有操作简单、成果精度高、提取速度快等特点。流域水文地理信息的自动提取为流域水文设计提供了基础数据,具有重要的实际意义。 相似文献
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山丘区小流域地形空间分析及数字信息提取 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
山丘区小流域地形特征及数字水系的自动提取为山洪防治提供了必要的数据准备.本文采用地形特征自动提取软件包DigitalHydro,对山区小流域地形及水系基本信息进行了提取试验.研究中,地形数据引用栅格型DEM数据SRTM,水平分辨率接近90m,研究对象为浙江省姜湾水文实验流域.该流域拥有3个流量站,提取的集水面积分别为20.64km2,10.21km2,1.31km2,误差分别为-1.2%,0.1%和-3.0%.分析显示,流域地形总体起伏较大,平均坡度为33%,现有DEM分辨率能满足流域水系等基础信息的提取.但在河谷地带存在洼地,造成提取的水系与实际情况存在一定差异,提取水系时,局部需要引入空间分辨率更为细致的地形信息. 相似文献
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从数字高程数据(DEM)中自动提取自然水系及汇水盆地,并在GIS平台中表示出来,是开展基于GIS的区域水资源勘查与评价研究工作的基础,具有重要的实际意义。这里提出了一种根据自然水系自动提取结果,圈定各级水系汇水盆地,并将其表示成GIS中矢量图形数据的算法。该算法包括以下四个进程:①以水流方向数据和自然水系的分级标识数据为依据,将同一级别每一条水系汇水盆地内的栅格自动识别出来;②根据不同水系汇水盆地栅格的标识数据,自动搜索汇水盆地的边界栅格;③确定不同水系汇水盆地的分界线,并计算分界线上各个节点的X-Y坐标;④建立不同水系汇水盆地空间实体的拓扑关系,生成GIS可以识别的矢量图形数据。用我国东天山地区的DEM数据进行了算法的试验研究,实验结果表明,该算法是可行的。 相似文献
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数字高程模型预处理方法的研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,简称DEM)是地形表面形态属性的数字化表达,被广泛应用于流域水文模拟中河网水系的提取.从DEM直接提取的河网水系及相关的流域地理空间信息,是分布式水文模拟的地理信息平台.由于DEM中洼地和平坦区的存在会影响水流方向的确定和数字河网的正确提取.因此在河网自动提取过程中必须首先对DEM数据进行预处理.本文对国内外各种DEM预处理方法进行了归纳总结.将DEM数据预处理方法分为两大类:分步处理法,以及一体化处理法.分步处理法按处理对象又可分为洼地处理方法和平坦区处理方法两部分;而一体化处理法则采用迭代算法同时对洼地和平地进行处理. 相似文献
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根据喀斯特流域孤峰和峰林在ASTER影像上表现为色调深浅不一的“桔皮状”和“花生壳状”图形,河流和湖泊色调较深,湿地和干谷色调相对较浅等影像特征,对贵州省内32个典型的喀斯特流域进行数字高程和地表水系提取。结果表明,利用ASTER影像提取喀斯特地表水系简便快捷、准确率高。与从1: 25万水文地质图提取的水系进行对比, ASTER所提取的水系其流域面积最大的相对误差为4. 5892% ,主河道长度最大的相对误差为3. 5693% ,河网密度最大的相对误差也只有7. 2564% ; 从地图提取的水系最多只能达到二级支流,提取的河流相对较短,而从DEM 提取的水系可达三级,有些甚至达四级、五级以上,且提取的河流更长,提取的水系更完整。 相似文献
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水系在不同尺度的遥感影像上表现出不同的光谱特征和形状、纹理特征,为了得到提取水系的适宜尺度,本文采用三种经典的尺度转换方法,将信息容量作为尺度转换的评价指标;最终选择三次卷积法为最优的尺度转换方法,在得到的一系列尺度图像上提取水系,分析提取水系的适宜尺度为10 m到45 m之间。 相似文献
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基于多特征空间的遥感信息自动提取方法 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
根据目视判读的原理提出了基于多特征空间的遥感信息自动提取方法,将地物在地理空间和影像空间的多种特征空间要素分为光谱特征空间、形状特征空间、干扰特征空间和区域地学特征空间.通过对多特征空间的数学描述和计算机处理实现遥感信息的自动提取.基于多特征空间的遥感信息自动提取方法是一种对人脑判读的计算机模拟,可以提高专题信息的提取效率,是对影像空间符号化的一种尝试,如果实现了多特征空间的完全数学表示就能够实现遥感信息的自动提取. 相似文献
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Digital elevation models (DEMs) are widely used in the studies related to hydrological modeling. It provides spatially distributed topographical information which helps in the extraction of stream networks. Currently, DEMs obtained through spaceborne remote sensing platforms are increasingly utilized for stream network extraction. However, it is necessary to understand the quality of the derived products and their related issues. Therefore, a comparative study based on stream network extraction in geographical information system (GIS) is performed on such DEMs for two different terrains. Performance metrics such as root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), standard deviation (SD) of error, correctness index (CI), and figure of merit (FM) are used for the DEM evaluation. The DEMs with finer spatial resolution performed better than coarser resolutions in all the performance indices. It is also observed that the derived stream network from the DEMs having same 30-m spatial resolution (ASTER and CartoDEM) has varying degree of errors. The positional errors of the streams are found to be less for the regions with steep slopes compared to flat terrain. 相似文献
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在河流中开辟生化反应区、直接布设仿生填料净化河流微污染水体可以达到改善入湖水质、减少投资、降低能源消耗的目的。但在河道内直接布设填料势必会对河流的水动力条件及其河流原有的使用功能造成一定的影响。从填料给水流带来的阻力、流速及糙率变化等方面进行河道内直接布设生物填料对河流水动力条件的影响试验分析。结果表明,由于河道流速不大(属于缓流水体),9根/m2的填料布设密度对水流的扰动作用程度不高,填料段的糙率仅为无填料段糙率的1.08倍,不会对河道的泄水能力造成影响。 相似文献
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The content of 11 heavy metals in the sediments of a stream system was determined by atomic absorption analysis. Geochemical phases were investigated using a sequential extraction scheme, and bulk contents were assessed with a single HNO3 extraction. Certain heavy metals were associated with different geochemical phases. Co, Mn, and Ba concentrated primarily in the carbonate and Mn phases, while all the remaining metals concentrated in the Fe and remnant phases. Features located along the stream system influenced the content of heavy metals. Results from the geochemical phases indicated Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Ag were emitted by one landfill, while Cd, Ba, and Ag were emitted by a second landfill. A wastewater treatment facility appeared to emit Ni and Cu. A stream draining a reservoir and joining the study stream resulted in dilution of the heavy metals in the sediments. A populated area along the study stream appeared to emit Mn. The single HNO3 extraction procedure is quicker to perform than the sequential extraction but does not indicate the phase associations. 相似文献
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为实现对海岸线的动态监管和监测,提出了一种自动阈值与区域增长相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)影像海岸线自动提取方法。首先结合Canny边缘检测和最大类间方差法(OTSU方法)实现自动阈值分割提取水陆分界线; 在自动阈值提取的基础上,对水域进行开运算和图像分割,将占有较大比例的海上水体作为种子点进行区域增长,获取海上水体,从而去除陆地水体、阴影等误分为海域的部分; 之后对区域增长法获取的海陆分割结果进行去噪、填充等形态学优化处理,填补海上船体、风车、岛礁等造成的空洞影像,形成最终的海陆分割结果; 最后,使用Canny边缘检测算子获取海岸线。基于江苏海岸带的实验结果表明该方法可以高精度地提取出光滑、连续的海岸线,在SAR影像海岸线提取中具有较强的实用性。 相似文献
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Sandow Mark Yidana Samuel Ganyaglo Bruce Banoeng-Yakubo Thomas Akabzaa 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2011,59(2-3):185-194
A conceptual groundwater flow model was developed for the crystalline aquifers in southeastern part of the Eastern region, Ghana. The objective was to determine approximate levels of groundwater recharge, estimate aquifer hydraulic parameters, and then test various scenarios of groundwater extraction under the current conditions of recharge. A steady state groundwater flow model has been calibrated against measured water levels of 19 wells in the area. The resulting recharge is estimated to range from 8.97 × 10?5 m/d to 7.14 × 10?4 m/d resulting in a basin wide average recharge of about 9.6% of total annual precipitation, which results in a basin wide quantitative recharge of about 2.4 million m3/d in the area. This compares to recharge estimated from the chloride mass balance of 7.6% of precipitation determined in this study. The general groundwater flow in the area has also been determined to conform to the general northeast–southwest structural grain of the country. The implication is that the general hydrogeology is controlled by post genetic structural entities imposed on the rocks to create ingresses for sufficient groundwater storage and transport. Calibrated aquifer hydraulic conductivities range between 0.99 m/d and over 19.4 m/d. There is a significant contribution of groundwater discharge to stream flow in the study area. Increasing groundwater extraction will have an effect on stream flow. This study finds that the current groundwater extraction levels represent only 0.17% of the annual recharge from precipitation, and that groundwater can sustain future increased groundwater demands from population growth and industrialization. 相似文献
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垃圾填埋场滤出液、入侵海水、核废物及生产生活废水等污染物随地下水的迁移威胁人类生存。地下水渗流的随机性导致溶质运移问题更加复杂。根据流网特点,利用流线与水头等势线对求解域进行离散,基于质量守恒原理建立流网单元内溶质浓度求解的隐式有限体积差分格式。基于多孔介质孔隙流速分布规律,利用蒙特卡洛法建立流管单元随机流速场进行溶质运移过程的数值模拟,最后根据数值模拟和模型试验的结果对比,验证了数值模拟方法的准确性。基于流网单元的数值模型中沿流线方向的物质交换由对流和扩散共同作用,而流管间的物质交换只有扩散作用,因此,可在不使用弥散系数下进行污染物运移的模拟。引入随机方法确定流管内流速为研究非均匀流场中染污物的优势迁移提供了新的思路。 相似文献
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Senapathi Venkatramanan Thirunavukkarasu Ramkumar Irudhayanathan Anithamary Poovalinga Ganesh 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(6):1871-1881
Morphological mapping plays an essential role in understanding river processes. Evaluation of the morphological parameters requires preparation of basin, upstream and downstream, stream link, stream network, stream order, flow direction, flow accumulation, and digital elevation model, which help to understand the nature of the river. Assessments of morphological digital maps provide upstream and downstream flow rates, slope variation, sedimentation, and specific stream erosive power in river systems. The river patterns of the study area mainly controlled by geological nature. Therefore, this paper discusses conceptual foundations and illustrates how mapping approaches can be used to produce morphological information of Tirumalairajan river systems. 相似文献