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为了比较CO_2引起的海水酸化和HCI引起的海水酸化对棘皮动物的影响,本研究以中国北方海岸带土著种-马粪海胆(Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus)为对象,分析比较了两种海水酸化模式对马粪海胆胚胎和骨针发育的影响。根据IPCC对2100年海水酸化程度的预测,在实验室条件下,建立了自然海水组(pH=8.06±0.01)和六个海水酸化处理组(三个CO_2处理组和三个HCI处理组)。结果表明:(1)与自然海水组相比,酸化处理组马粪海胆胚胎的卵裂率呈现随海水pH下降而延长的趋势,与HCI酸化处理相比,CO_2处理对马粪海胆胚胎卵裂率的影响更为严重;(2)两种海水酸化模式下,马粪海胆浮游幼体四腕浮游幼体均出现对称性缺失和骨针外露现象;(3)与自然海水组相比,两种海水酸化模式对马粪海胆四腕浮游幼体骨针发育具有不同影响,HCI酸化处理组浮游幼体呈现骨针变短现象,而CO_2处理组四腕幼体的骨针则出现变长现象;(4)扫描电镜结果显示,海水酸化可影响马粪海胆浮游幼体骨针的钙化结构,当海水△pH=-0.5时,CO_2处理组马粪海胆浮游幼体骨针的腐蚀程度要比HCI处理组更为严重。本研究结果提示,不同的海水酸化模式对马粪海胆胚胎和骨针发育有不同程度的影响,相比强酸(HCI)引起的海水酸化而言,CO_2引起的海水酸化对马粪海胆的影响更为严重。 相似文献
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盐度及饵料对马粪海胆幼体生长发育及变态的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文以马粪海胆为研究对象 ,对其成熟卵的受精率与受精卵的孵化过程以及其浮游幼体在不同实验条件下的生长发育进行研究。研究结果表明 :盐度在 2 7～ 35间的受精率可达95 %左右 ,最适盐度为 31,受精率可达 10 0 % ,盐度高于 35或低于 2 7受精率都将明显下降 ;以角毛藻作为马粪海胆浮游幼体的饵料效果最好 ,成活率可达 6 0 % ,体长可达 76 9μm ;早期投饵密度为 10 4 cell/mL ,后期投饵密度为 8× 10 4 cell/mL ;三角褐指藻饵料效果略差于角毛藻 ,扁藻适宜作为马粪海胆浮游幼体后期饵料。 相似文献
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不同性别光棘球海胆(Strongylocentrotus nudus)性腺蛋白质组差异分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用蛋白质双向电泳技术分别分离雄性、雌性光棘球海胆性腺可溶性全蛋白,通过计算机图像分析软件比较分析了雄性、雌性光棘球海胆性腺蛋白质的表达图谱。实验采用细胞超声破碎—丙酮沉淀及除盐—50mmol/LTris-HCl (pH 6.8)复溶的方法分别提取光棘球海胆雄性、雌性性腺的可溶性全蛋白,采用载体两性电解质等电聚焦双向电泳分别在pH5-8和pH4-6范围内对性腺组织可溶性全蛋白进行分离。利用PDQuest8.0图像分析软件比较分析,发现pH5-8范围内,雄性光棘球海胆性腺双向电泳图谱检出的蛋白质斑点为321个,雌性光棘球海胆性腺检出蛋白质斑点402个。在pH4-6范围内,雄性光棘球海胆性腺双向电泳图谱检出的蛋白质斑点数为239个,雌性光棘球海胆性腺检出197个蛋白质斑点。图像分析软件比对结果显示,在pH4-6范围内,雄性、雌性光棘球海胆性腺匹配的蛋白质斑点为31个,特异性表达的蛋白质斑点数为208个。结果表明不同性别光棘球海胆的性腺蛋白质表达存在显著差异,如果利用质谱鉴定技术对差异表达的蛋白质进行进一步鉴定,可为未来寻找不同性别光棘球海胆间决定性腺品质性状的特异性蛋白;建立不同性别海胆性腺蛋白质组表达谱与性腺品质性状的对应关系;提高和改良海胆性腺品质性状等研究提供线索和参考依据。 相似文献
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海胆的叉棘是海胆御敌、清除体表异物的重要器官,其形状在海胆的分类上具有重要意义。本文通过扫描电子显微镜对西太平洋海山区柔海胆科软海胆属Araeosoma、兜海胆属Sperosoma和革海胆属Hygrosoma的叉棘形态与结构特征进行研究,并提供了柔海胆科属的检索表。结果表明:柔海胆有三种常见的叉棘形式,三叉叉棘、三叶叉棘和指状叉棘。三叉叉棘和三叶叉棘在3个属中均存在,指状叉棘只在软海胆属中存在,三叶叉棘和指状叉棘的超微结构变化比较细微,三叉叉棘的超微结构特征具有明显的种属间差异。建议将叉棘的种类和结构作为柔海胆科的分类依据。 相似文献
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溞对中国对虾早期幼体的循环系统及血液流向进行了活体观察 ,描述了中国对虾早期幼体发育阶段中幼体循环系统血管的走向与分布、血液的流向及循环路径等 ,比较各期幼体循环系统的形态 ,并探讨对虾早期幼体循环系统的发育过程。 相似文献
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海胆是重要的大型海洋底栖生物类群之一,某些海胆既是人工养殖对象,又是捕捞对象。因此,对海胆进行分类研究,摸清其地理分布特点,对合理利用海胆资源以及生物多样性研究都可提供基本科学依据。 对我国海胆的分类学研究始于1948年,当时张凤瀛先生对青岛的6种海胆进行了描述(张凤瀛,1948)。1957年张凤瀛和吴宝铃先生对广东沿海的37种海胆进行了研究(张凤瀛等,1957)。张凤瀛先生等1964年在《中国动物图谱,棘皮动物门》中记录了30种我国常见海胆(张凤瀛等,1964)。廖玉麟先生在20世纪70年代对西沙群岛的棘皮动物进行了分类研究,其中包括26种海胆(廖玉麟,1978)。 相似文献
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Grinson George Dattesh V. Desai Chetan A. Gaonkar V. M. Aboobacker P. Vethamony Arga Chandrashekar Anil 《Journal of Oceanography》2013,69(4):451-466
A two-dimensional hydrodynamic and particle tracking model was used to estimate the dispersion and retention of barnacle larvae from their possible spawning sites in a tropical monsoon-influenced estuarine system (central west coast of India). Validation of the hydrodynamic simulations yielded a good match with field measurements. The pattern of larval dispersal in the region varied with the winds and currents. The seasonal changes in abundance could be attributed to physical forcing and weather conditions. The extent of barnacle larval dispersal from spawning sites varied from 10 to 78 km for different sites and seasons. During a 24-h cycle, the larval abundance showed one to two peaks in the estuarine area. The increased larval abundance is favored by the flood currents, pushing the larvae into the estuary. Physical forcing in the region helps in transport of the larvae from their spawning sites hugging to the coast and contributing to the population within the estuary. Field observations and numerical experiments suggest the occurrence of higher larval abundance in the estuary during post-monsoon. The dispersal pattern indicated that the barnacle population present in the estuary is well mixed, and with a seasonally changing pattern. 相似文献
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Spawning location and timing are critical for understanding fish larval survival. The impact of a changing environment on spawning patterns is, however, poorly understood. A novel approach is to consider the impact of the environment on individual life histories and subsequent spawnings. In the present work, we extend the Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory to investigate how environment variability impacts the spawning timing and duration of a multiple-batch spawning species. The model is successfully applied to reproduce the growth and reproduction of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay. The model captures realistically the start and ending of the spawning season, including the timing of the spawning events, and the change in egg number per batch. Using a realistic seasonal forcing of temperature and food availability derived from a bio-physical model, our simulation results show that two thirds of the total spawned mass already accumulates before the start of the spawning season and that the condition factor increases with body length. These simulation results are in accordance with previous estimations and observations on growth and reproduction of anchovy. Furthermore, we show how individuals of equal length can differ in reproductive performance according to the environmental conditions they encounter prior to the spawning season. Hatch date turns out to be key for fecundity at age-1 as it partly controls the ability to build up reserves allocated to reproduction. We suggest the model can be used to realistically predict spawning in spatially and temporally varying environments and provide initial conditions for bio-physical models used to predict larval survival. 相似文献
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An examination of the feasibility of passive transport from coastal spawning grounds to estuarine nursery areas for English sole 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Christopher N. Rooper Donald R. Gunderson Barbara M. Hickey 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,68(3-4):609
English sole recruitment has been linked to environmental conditions occurring during their 6–10 week pelagic egg and larval stages, prior to their appearance in nursery estuaries during their first summer. The purpose of this study was to predict the spawning locations of juvenile English sole observed in estuaries to assess the feasibility of passive transport of egg and larval stages. Current meter data were used to back-calculate the transport trajectories of 19 cohorts of English sole observed as juveniles during estuarine trawl surveys. Only six of these cohorts were predicted to be spawned outside the Oregon–Washington shelf system, assuming passive transport of eggs and larvae. Predicted egg and larval trajectories indicate that most of the English sole found in Oregon and Washington estuaries were spawned off the coast of Washington, with some spawning off northern California and central Oregon. Although these results are not consistent with the presumed spawning locations for the Oregon and Washington shelf, they indicate that passive transport assumptions may be adequate to preserve the larvae in the coastal system until settlement. 相似文献
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春季东海有害藻华高发区仔稚鱼时空分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2011年春季(3月29日—5月27日)海洋综合调查,对东海有害藻华高发水域(28°15′36″~30°30′16″N、121°52′36″~123°15′6″E)的仔稚鱼种类组成、时空分布以及主要优势种与环境因子的相关性进行了探讨。调查共采集到仔稚鱼27种,前几位优势种分别为日本鳀Engraulis japonicus、鰕虎科sp.(Gobiidae sp.)、六丝钝尾鰕虎Amblychaeturichthys hexanema、小黄鱼Larimichthys polyactis,该4种占据了总丰度的91.23%。优势种丰度和发育阶段组成的时空变化显示,日本鳀在调查期间有两次产卵小高峰,其仔鱼孵化后向岸漂流;小黄鱼和六丝钝尾鰕虎在此期间只有一次产卵高峰,其仔鱼在舟山群岛邻近水域进行保育。可以看出,调查水域及邻近水域是部分鱼类产卵,仔稚鱼保育、向岸漂流的场所或途径,是鱼类早期生活史中重要生境,一旦暴发有害藻华,补充群体将受到不良影响。多元分析结果显示,所选环境因子对几位优势种仔稚鱼的分布影响不大,推测产卵场位置和保育方式可能是更重要的原因。 相似文献
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Yoshiro Watanabe Yutaka Kurita Masayuki Noto Yoshioki Oozeki Daiji Kitagawa 《Journal of Oceanography》2003,59(4):403-414
Growth and mortality rates of larval and early juvenile Pacific saury Cololabis saira were estimated for spring and autumn spawning seasons in the Kuroshio-Oyashio transitional waters and for winter spawning
season in the Kuroshio waters in 9 years from 1990–1998, based on quantitative fish sampling and otolith daily ring readings.
Growth and mortality rates were more variable in the Kuroshio-Oyashio transitional waters than in the Kuroshio waters. The
estimated production of 40-mm preschooling juveniles was a positive function of larval production in the hatching length class
(5.9–9.9 mm) in the Kuroshio waters. In the Kuroshio-Oyashio transitional waters, rather than larval production in the hatching
length class, cumulative survival through the larval and early juvenile stages determined the juvenile production. Variable
growth and survival rates of saury observed in the transitional waters seem to be associated with large environmental variability
in the waters, including shifts of the Kuroshio and Oyashio fronts and development of streamers and eddies between the fronts.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Evaluating the relationship between spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability of larval fish assemblages in a coastal marine ecosystem (Haizhou Bay,China) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Zengguang Li Zhenjiang Ye Rong Wan Yong Chen Yongjun Tian Yiping Ren Hong Liu Haisheng Hu Robert Boenish 《Marine Ecology》2017,38(6)
In coastal marine ecosystems, spatial patterns of larval fish assemblages (LFAs) tend to exhibit geographic stability because of relatively stable spawning site selection and predictable oceanographic phenomena such as eddies. To evaluate the relationship between spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability of LFAs, we conducted a high spatiotemporal resolution ichthyoplankton survey from April to July in 2013 in the shallow waters (<20 m) of Haizhou Bay, China. Our analysis indicated three distinct assemblages, which were stable geographically but exhibited a gradual and directional change of species composition and abundance over our study period. Sea surface temperature was the most important environmental co‐variate for determining temporal variability of LFAs, likely owing to temperature effects of species composition and spawning period selection of adult fish, along with known temperature‐dependent survival rates of larval fish. Study of LFA spatiotemporal dynamics is essential for improved understanding of adult fish spawning behavior, and has potential to inform design and implementation of conservation and management measures (e.g. marine protected areas) in coastal systems. 相似文献
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Sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) spawning and larval environment in a Florida Current frontal eddy
David E. Richardson Joel K. Llopiz Kevin D. Leaman Peter S. Vertes Frank E. Muller-Karger Robert K. Cowen 《Progress in Oceanography》2009,(4):252-264
Fronts and eddies are widely hypothesized to be critical spawning habitat for large pelagic fishes, due to increased larval and/or adult feeding opportunities at these features. We examined sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) spawning around a cyclonic, submesoscale (∼13 × 7 km) Florida Current frontal eddy. The temporal progression of eddy dynamics over a 65 h period was determined using ocean color satellite imagery, continuous surface measurements along the cruise track, and non-linear least-squares fitting of the positions of three drifters deployed within the eddy. A peak in larval sailfish densities (n = 2435, stations = 49), composed primarily of yolk-sac and first-feeding larvae, occurred at the eddy frontal zone. A majority of these larvae were estimated to have been spawned during the formation of the eddy. A comparison between the distribution of similar-age sailfish and scombrid larvae indicated that the peak in larval sailfish density likely resulted from spawning directly at the front, rather than transport by convergent flow. The first-feeding prey items of larval sailfish (Farranula and Corycaeus copepods) were most abundant at the frontal zone and to a lesser extent inside the eddy. Egg distributions were used to indirectly assess the distribution of adult sailfish prey items. Euthynnus alleteratus and Auxis spp. eggs were in highest abundance outside the eddy, while the eggs of small carangids were in highest abundance at the eddy frontal zone. Overall, this study indicates that sailfish spawn at small-scale oceanographic features that provide a favorable feeding environment for their larvae and potentially also for the adults. 相似文献
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采用物理环境因子,确定鲐鱼仔幼鱼运动和物理环境之间的响应关系,建立起了基于个体具有游泳行为的鲐鱼早期生长史模型。结果表明,具有游泳行为仔幼鱼前期对输运分布的影响不大,后期随着游泳能力的增强,逐渐在温盐梯度较大锋面,靠近暖水的一侧进行集群和滞留,并使向东北输运速度降低,输运到太平洋和日本海的幼鱼数量下降,所处水深降低,适应生长发育,死亡率降低。产卵场位置的变动使偏西产卵的集群受台湾暖流影响较大,导致集群偏西,主要聚集在偏北的台湾暖流水和长江冲淡水交汇区高温、高盐一侧。偏东产卵受黑潮影响较大,集群偏东,不形成大量聚集和滞留;在生存率方面正常产卵位置是最佳产卵位置。研究认为,物理环境和生物因素同样会对具有游泳行为仔幼鱼的输运和补充产生影响。 相似文献
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Rita Borges Radhouan Ben-Hamadou M. Alexandra Chícharo Pedro R Emanuel J. Gonalves 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,71(3-4):412-428
There have been no previous studies of the composition of nearshore larval fish assemblages along the coast of Portugal. We aimed to describe the composition and horizontal distribution patterns of larval fish assemblages and their temporal dynamics near a rocky reef at depths shallower than 13 m (inshore) and at two miles (3.70 km) from shore (offshore), as well as along transects perpendicular to the shoreline, from the reef to 10 miles offshore (18.52 km). Samples were taken using 5 min sub-surface trawls at the rocky shore of the Arrábida Marine Park (W Portugal). A total of 1021 larvae were collected, belonging to 61 taxa inshore and to 29 taxa offshore. Along transects, 626 larvae of 52 taxa were collected. Most larvae belonged to coastal species associated with rocky reefs. Total larval abundance and diversity were higher from May to July, which is consistent with the spawning activity of adults. Diversity and total larval abundance decreased significantly with increasing distance from shore, both in the inshore/offshore comparison and in the transects, where this decrease was evident at a very small spatial scale (within the first mile from the reef). Species assemblages differed in the pattern of distribution, with most species clearly associated to the extreme nearshore. The distribution patterns obtained were independent of the spawning mode of species. Results are discussed in the light of the possible physical mechanisms that can potentially act at the Arrábida Marine Park to facilitate larvae retention and the role of larval behaviour. 相似文献