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1.
电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定锑矿选冶中砷锑 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定锑矿选冶过程中精矿、中矿、尾矿样品中的砷和锑元素。对矿样溶解、测定条件、介质酸度和基体干扰进行了实验,选用王水溶解矿样,在20%盐酸介质中测定,具有快捷、简便、测定范围宽等特点。砷和锑的质量浓度在0～20μg/mL范围内相关系数分别为0.9993和0.9998.对11份空白溶液进行测定,得到的砷和锑检出限分别为0.051μg/mL和0.080μg/mL;对GBW07174和GBW07175锑矿标样进行7次测定,相对标准偏差为1.26%～2.47%之间。 相似文献
2.
铬天青R分光光度法测定铝土矿中的铍 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
建立了用铬天青R分光光度法测定铝土矿中铍的方法。700℃下用氢氧化钠碱熔法分解铝土矿,以8-羟基喹啉、酒石酸、EDTA作为掩蔽剂,在pH 9~10的氨水-氯化铵介质中,铍与铬天青R、溴化十六烷基三甲基胺(CTMAB)生成三元红色络合物,在波长552 nm处有最大吸收。方法的特征浓度为0.031μg/(mL.1%),摩尔吸光系数ε=1.25×105,标准偏差为0.000 7μg/mL,回收率为97.6%,铍量在0~0.06μg/mL内符合比耳定律。方法简便,准确度好,灵敏度高,结果令人满意。 相似文献
3.
应用氢化物-原子荧光光谱法同时测定化探样品中的Bi和Se,用1:1王水处理样品,在10%的盐酸介质中测定Bi、Se,其检出限分别为0.0005μg/mL和0.0002μg/mL.本方法具有一次熔矿便可以同时测定Bi、Se的含量,且具操作简单、快速、基体干扰少、灵敏度高、其结果稳定、可靠、节省试剂等特点,适用于大批化探样品中Bi、Se同时联测. 相似文献
4.
昆特依干盐湖位于柴达木盆地北部,浅部石盐沉积层储存着丰富的地下卤水。研究表明,研究区石盐储层渗透性存在明显的空间分布差异,这种差异对储层中卤水的水化学组成产生显著影响。渗透性较弱的储卤层,卤水赋存于石盐之间的孔隙中,其渗透系数K值为0.01~8.64 m/d,卤水中K+浓度为5.98~10.34 g/L,Mg2+浓度为6.08~13.98 g/L,pH值介于6.8~7.2,SO2-4浓度为19.85~37.93 g/L;说明低渗透性的储卤层具有稳定的水化学环境,且卤水与介质之间基本达到了水-盐作用平衡,应该为早期成盐时圈闭的残余卤水。而渗透性较强的储卤层,K为134.78~198.89 m/d,卤水中K+浓度为2.66~5.60 g/L,Mg2+浓度为4.18~6.24 g/L,pH为7.27~7.44,SO2-4浓度为41.39~61.71 g/L;说明渗透性较强的储卤层,卤水具有较高的SO2-4浓度及pH值和较低的K+、Mg2+浓度,推测由于低盐度水流溶解作用促使储卤层微小孔隙形成大的溶孔,使储层渗透性增强,水体混合导致卤水水化学特性发生改变。 相似文献
5.
采用Tween80溶液冲洗修复萘污染地下水,分析了Tween80溶液质量浓度和冲洗流速对修复效果的影响,并考察了Tween80溶液对萘的增溶效果及对萘在介质上吸附特性的影响。结果表明：萘和Tween80在中砂介质上的吸附分别符合线性吸附和F型吸附;Tween80增溶萘效果较好,10.0 g/L Tween80溶液中,萘的表观溶解度达到500 mg/L,约为水相饱和溶解度的17倍;确定Tween80洗脱萘的临界解吸质量浓度为2.0 g/L;不同质量浓度、不同冲洗流速修复萘污染地下水实验结果表明,10.0 g/L Tween80溶液、3.0 mL/min流速为最佳冲洗修复参数,萘的去除率达到90%以上。 相似文献
6.
含铀岩系的还原介质可以依据与铀储层砂体的产出关系划分为内部还原介质和外部还原介质.铀储层砂体的双重还原介质对铀成矿同等重要.铀储层砂体中的层间氧化作用直接与内部还原介质相关,但是当叠加有外部还原介质时,外部还原介质将通过不同的方式大大增强铀储层砂体的整体还原能力,这种组合的出现有利于稳定的层间氧化带发育和持续的铀成矿.沉积期的古气候和沉积环境决定了含铀岩系还原介质的类型和丰度,以及铀储层砂体双重还原介质的组合规律,并从根本上决定了成矿期层间氧化带的发育规模.在进行砂岩型铀矿的勘查预测时,需要将双重还原介质模型评价与具体盆地的地质背景和成矿期控矿条件研究相结合,才能获得理想的结果. 相似文献
7.
pH 值对包气带土壤吸附铅和汞的影响实验 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文测定了北京西郊4组不同包气带土壤中铅和汞的含量,探讨了pH值变化对铅和汞在土壤样品中分配系数的影响。结果表明:随着pH值的升高,汞和铅在土壤中的分配系数逐步增大,随后降低,pH值与分配系数关系曲线为单峰曲线。汞在砂壤土、轻壤土和中壤土中的分配系数Kd值在0~160mL/g之间,当pH值为10左右时,Kd值最大为160mL/g;铅的分配系数远大于汞,当pH值介于6~10之间时,铅在上述土壤中的Kd值为16 800~29 500mL/g。 相似文献
8.
混酸溶解矿石样品,在酒石酸介质中,用电感耦合等离子体发生光谱法(ICP-AES)测定溶液中的铌钽。该方法ρ(Nb2O5)和ρ(Ta2O5)在0～20 μg/mL时,铌钽原子发射光谱强度与浓度呈良好的直线关系,Nb、Ta标准曲线相关系数尺分别为0.999 9和0.999 7。检出限分别为0.023 μg/mL和0.072 μg/mL。本方法测定标准样品,测定值与认定值相符。对实际样品分析,Nh、Ta的相对标准偏差(n=6)分别为0.42％～2.3％和1.8％～3.3％,加标回收率均为97％～103％,适合地质找矿、选冶等领域的样品测试。 相似文献
9.
三溴偶氮胂分光光度法测定稀土元素的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在1.0 mol/L盐酸介质中,显色剂三溴偶氮胂与稀土元素能发生高灵敏度显色反应,形成稳定的蓝紫色络合物,表观摩尔吸光系数εLa为1.69×105 L·mol-1·cm-1.试剂和络合物的最大吸收波长分别位于525 nm和625 nm.确定了络合物的组成为1:3.在25 mL溶液中,稀土元素在0~17 μg范围内符合比尔定律.本方法受酸度及共存离子影响小,并且有准确、快速、简单的特点.对两个标样做了分析,精密度RSD分别为2.82%和2.57%,准确度RE分别为-2.34%和-5.82%.本方法可不经分离富集,直接用于稀土矿样分析,结果令人满意. 相似文献
10.
为探讨直接/间接作用模式下土壤常驻菌对蒙脱石层间距、层电荷及层间介质的影响,从绵阳地区紫色土壤中分离选取1株短小芽孢杆菌,利用透析袋,建立土壤菌与蒙脱石"接触"与"非接触"体系进行相互作用实验。作用5 d后的结果表明,蒙脱石样品层间距变小,样品M-1和M-2的d001值从1.486 nm分别减小到1.246 nm和1.257 nm,单位半晶胞层电荷数减少,且ξMMTξM-2ξM-1,FTIR分析显示作用后蒙脱石样品出现来自蛋白质酰胺Ⅱ带及蛋白质分子甲基的新特征峰,层间水分子3434 cm-1、1637 cm-1处的峰发生偏移,此外阳离子交换容量也发生明显改变。土壤菌的生物作用能改变蒙脱石的层间距、层电荷及层间介质,使其结构和性质发生改变。对比2种作用方式与作用后蒙脱石层间域特性的改变分析可知,接触作用对蒙脱石层间域特性的改变效果强于非接触作用。 相似文献
11.
This article presents an analysis of the interactions and static movement of 37 organic solvents as vapors through the unsaturated soil zone. The physicochemical interactions of the organic vapors with unsaturated soil materials were emphasized with focus on diffusive, and adsorptive interactions. Fick's Law and porous media diffusion coefficients for most of the solvent vapors were either compiled or estimated; coefficients were not available for some of the fluorinated solvents. The adsorption of some of the solvent vapors by silica was concluded to be due to hydrogen bond formation with surface silanol groups. Heats of adsorption data for different adsorbents were also compiled. There were very few data on the adsorption of these solvent vapors by soils, but it appears that the magnitude of adsorption of nonpolar solvents is reduced as the relative humidity of the vapor-solid system is increased. Consequently, the interaction of the vapors may then separated into two processes; (1) gas-water partitioning described by Henry's Law constants, and (2) solid-water adsorption coefficients which may be estimated from liquid-solid partition coefficients (K
d values). 相似文献
12.
阿特拉津是研究区内广泛使用的旱田除草剂。为治理其污染的地下水 ,采用静态和动态实验的方法研究其在含水介质砂层中的吸附特性和在地下水中的迁移转化规律。实验结果表明 :砂层对阿特拉津的吸附量小 ,不同固液比 (1.0、0 .5、0 .2 )时的分配系数分别为 0 .10 ,0 .15 ,0 .19cm3 /g ;含水层的弥散度为 0 .0 336m ,阻滞因子为 1.2 9,自然净化系数为 0 .0 0 2 8/d。由此确定所建立的数学模型和参数 ,为研究区阿特拉津污染地下水的治理提供可靠的依据 相似文献
13.
为了及时有效地应对各种突发性环境污染事故,有必要开发一种简单实用、适于各类型污染物的场地污染数学模型。通过污染事故发生后污染物在包气带、饱和带迁移转化的概化,建立了污染物运移的自由入渗模型以及降雨入渗模型并给出各自相应的解析解。无降雨时,考虑污染物在重力作用下随包气带向下渗透的作用,建立一维垂直入渗模型。有降雨时,考虑污染场地（包气带）中污染物迁移和转化的对流作用、扩散作用及挥发、生物降解、吸附、根系吸收等作用,建立包气带剖面二维溶质运移模型和饱和带平面二维溶质运移数学模型。建模过程中,假定降雨量的平均分布及土壤质地、水力参数以及有机物成分、种类均相同,同时假定污染物与多孔介质间的作用为线性吸附,植物根系对污染物的吸附遵循一级动力学。基于模型的解析解,实现案例的模拟计算。模拟结果表明：该模型具有适用范围广、模拟高效快捷等优点,能够较准确预测污染发生后污染物在土壤中的动向、到达饱和带的时间以及饱和带中污染物的迁移情况。 相似文献
14.
John R. Nimmo Kaitlyn M. Creasey Kim S. Perkins Benjamin B. Mirus 《Hydrogeology Journal》2017,25(2):421-444
Layers of strong geologic contrast within the unsaturated zone can control recharge and contaminant transport to underlying aquifers. Slow diffuse flow in certain geologic layers, and rapid preferential flow in others, complicates the prediction of vertical and lateral fluxes. A simple model is presented, designed to use limited geological site information to predict these critical subsurface processes in response to a sustained infiltration source. The model is developed and tested using site-specific information from the Idaho National Laboratory in the Eastern Snake River Plain (ESRP), USA, where there are natural and anthropogenic sources of high-volume infiltration from floods, spills, leaks, wastewater disposal, retention ponds, and hydrologic field experiments. The thick unsaturated zone overlying the ESRP aquifer is a good example of a sharply stratified unsaturated zone. Sedimentary interbeds are interspersed between massive and fractured basalt units. The combination of surficial sediments, basalts, and interbeds determines the water fluxes through the variably saturated subsurface. Interbeds are generally less conductive, sometimes causing perched water to collect above them. The model successfully predicts the volume and extent of perching and approximates vertical travel times during events that generate high fluxes from the land surface. These developments are applicable to sites having a thick, geologically complex unsaturated zone of substantial thickness in which preferential and diffuse flow, and perching of percolated water, are important to contaminant transport or aquifer recharge. 相似文献
15.
基于多相孔隙介质弹性理论,给出了非饱和土中不同弹性波的传播方程。根据分界面上的边界条件,建立了各势函数波幅值之间的关系式,讨论了入射剪切波在不同饱和度土层分界面上的反射与透射问题。在无限空间非饱和土体中存在3种压缩波和1种剪切波,因此,当剪切波传播到不同饱和度的非饱和土层分界面上将分别在上、下土层激发产生4种反射波和4种透射波。推导出不同反射波和透射波的振幅比例系数和能量比例系数的理论表达式,并且在此基础上进行数值分析。在数值算例中分别研究了各反射波与透射波的能量比例系数（即能量反射率和能量透射率）受入射频率、入射角度以及上、下土层土体饱和度变化的影响情况。计算结果表明：各能量反射率和能量透射率不仅与入射角和入射频率有关,而且其受上、下土层饱和度变化的影响也同样不能忽视。 相似文献
16.
17.
黄土中水分迁移规律现场试验研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
黄土地区降雨诱发滑坡是不争的事实,但黄土地区地下水位很深,降雨入渗地面后如何运移,与地下水有无直接联系,目前还不是很清楚。为此设计了人工滴水试验模拟天然降雨条件,通过在一深度为10 m的探井井壁上埋设土壤水分计,观测人工滴水入渗过程中不同深度土体含水率随时间的变化情况,以确定其入渗影响深度。监测结果显示：降雨量为3.82 mm/d (小雨)时,0.5 m内土体含水率变化明显,0.5 m以下土层含水率几乎没有变化;降雨量为10.31 mm/d(中雨)时,1 m内土体含水率有所增加;降雨量达25.21 mm/d(大雨)时,1 m内土体含水率增长明显,1.0～1.6 m范围内有微弱增长;随着深度增加,土体含水率变化逐渐滞后,增幅逐渐减小。这说明在干旱的黄土地区,若无明显入水通道,短期内降雨的入渗深度有限,很难到达地下水位;但深部古土壤层的观测结果表明,即使在其上部黄土中含水率变化极其微弱的情况下,古土壤中的含水率上升明显,表明黄土中非饱和渗流或水汽迁移是存在的。通过试验还表明,陇东黄土高原地区土壤中水分循环主要发生在浅层0.7 m以内的蒸发带。降雨入渗到蒸发带以内,若无后续降雨补给,则向上蒸发排泄;若入渗至蒸发带以下,则不受蒸发影响,得以继续向下迁移;当遇到不透水面时,会在层面附近富集,有限元模拟也较好地反映了这一规律。 相似文献
18.
Experiment simulation study on removal mechanism of BTEX in using river filtration system 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
River filtration system is a natural purification process to remove the pollutants in river water and make use of surface water. In this study, a series of experiments were set up with soil column test and static adsorption experiments to simulate the environmental behaviors of BTEX in the river filtration system. It was found that the environmental behaviors of BTEX in the river filtration system included adsorption and microbial degradation. Among the four components of BTEX used in the experiments, the removal rate of xylene was the highest, ethyl-benzene was second, toluene was third, and that of benzene was the lowest. The stability of the structure of benzene was the major contributor for the relatively lower degradation efficiency, and the low removal rate of toluene was due to the impact of adsorption on degradation. By comparison of the results of soil column test and static adsorption experiments, it was found that the soil–water partition coefficient K d of each component of BTEX was higher, the degradation ratio was lower. Compared with the previous study, the results of this experiment showed that when the initial concentration of the each component of BTEX reached 80 mg/L, the mixed pollution of BTEX could be removed by the river filtration system efficiently, and the average removal rate could be over 65 %. As a natural purification, river filtration system could efficiently remove the BTEX mixed pollution in a quite high concentration and protect the ground water from being contaminated. However, its purification efficiency was limited in a certain time range and concentration. It was shown in the later stage of the leaching experiment that the exudation concentration of BTEX increased, at the same time both the concentrations of the two electron acceptors increased to about the initial concentration and kept stable state until the end of the experiment, which revealed that due to accumulation of the concentration of BTEX in the soil column, the microbial activity was inhibited and then the denitrification and sulfate reduction terminated. When the adsorption saturation was achieved and microbial activity was inhibited, BTEX contamination would penetrate through the unsaturated zone and threaten the security of the ground water. 相似文献
19.
《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2004,84(3):127-139
Historic antimony mining at Endeavour Inlet, New Zealand, was developed in a stibnite-rich mesothermal vein system hosted in a km scale shear zone in metasedimentary schist. The schist contains calcite, and all waters have pH between 7 and 8. Underground tunnels (adits) have largely collapsed, but two adits provided access to waters which have interacted chemically with mineralised rock. Natural groundwater entering an adit at the top of the mineralised catchment had 190 μg/l Sb and 10 μg/l As. The amount of arsenic increased along the adit as the water interacted with arsenopyrite-bearing rocks and debris (up to 2000 mg/kg As, 500 mg/kg Sb) on the adit floor. Sb(III) was below 14 μg/l, and there was no detectable As(III). Antimony content remained near constant in the adit but increased outside the adit because of interaction with stibnite-rich debris. Negligible attenuation of metalloids occurred via adsorption outside the adit, as iron oxyhydroxide is rare. Metalloid attenuation was by dilution in a nearby natural stream, which carried <30 μg/s Sb and <10 μg/s As away from the site. An adit 500 m downstream was developed in a lower, more arsenopyrite-rich portion of the mineralised system with debris containing up to 15,000 mg/kg As and 5000 mg/kg Sb. Water from this adit had up to 200 μg/l Sb and 1650 μg/l As. Arsenic was attenuated by adsorption outside this adit, and by dilution by the natural stream. Antimony was not attenuated by adsorption, nor by dilution as the natural stream contained up to 200 μg/l Sb. Metalloid flux away from this site was ca. 200 μg/s Sb and 40 μg/s As, and the adit contributed negligible amounts of metalloids to this flux. Total metalloid flux from the catchment is 14,000 μg/s antimony and 5000 μg/s arsenic, which is around three orders of magnitude greater than observed mine inputs to the catchment. Highest flux occurred in September as water tables rose in the winter. Nearly all the metalloid flux is derived by natural groundwater and surface water interaction with mineralised rock. This interaction between water and mineralised rock is enhanced in this area because the catchment runs subparallel to the shear zone which controls the mineralised veins. 相似文献
20.
泡沫塑料富集-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中超痕量金铂钯 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
样品采用王水溶解,二氯化锡还原,泡沫塑料富集,用Re作内标,电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定土壤中超痕量金、铂、钯。在盐酸-二氯化锡体系中,盐酸酸度为15%,二氯化锡浓度为45 g/L,吸附时间30 min时吸附效果明显,吸附温度为25℃时吸附率相对稳定。方法检出限Au为0.21 ng/g,Pt为0.18 ng/g,Pd为0.16ng/g,方法加标回收率Au为91.3%~97.8%,Pt为92.0%~96.7%,Pd为96.0%~101.6%。该方法用于测定国家一级标准物质,线性范围宽、重现性好,结果准确可靠,样品处理简便、快速。 相似文献