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1.
污染河流中苯系物对浅层地下水影响的室内模拟试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究污染河流中苯系物对浅层地下水的影响，室内试验选用3种天然砂土作为渗透介质，以生活污水模拟污染河流，68d以后发现，苯、甲苯和苯系物总量的总去除率在粗砂中分别为32．06％、21．39％和27．13％。在两种中砂中总去除率2号柱为76．26％、81．40％和87．99％，3号柱为68．94％、74．41％和81．69％，粗砂小于中砂，并且由于2号柱的粘粒物质含量大，其总去除率大于3号柱和1号柱。苯系物各组分浓度随深度呈递减趋势，苯系物的净化作用主要发生在地表以下0．4m范围内。水动力特征的改变影响污染物的迁移和转化特征，苯系物的去除机理为挥发、吸附和生物降解，其中最主要的是厌氧条件下的微生物降解。 相似文献
2.
河流渗滤系统对入渗的地表水有一定的净化作用,过去人们很少从理论上研究河流渗滤系统对污染河水的净化作用。本文采用室内土柱实验装置来模拟渭河渗滤系统,研究了硝态氮污染的河水在该系统中的环境行为及净化机制,其环境行为主要为反硝化作用。其净化程度与该渗滤系统的渗滤介质有关,如果渗滤介质为粘土,其净化率达到100%。若介质为粗砂粒物质,其净化程度较低。 相似文献
3.
Transport of BTEX Vapours Through Granular Soils with Different Moisture Contents in the Vadose Zone
The single-ring aromatic hydrocarbons benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and m-xylene (BTEX) are common and dangerous pollutants in subsurface environments. The diffusive transport of BTEX vapours through
the unsaturated zone of the ground is a potential health hazard to humans, living in the vicinity of petroleum fuel contaminated
sites. Past studies have shown that gas transport through the vadose zone can be influenced by moisture content due to variations
in gaseous permeability, phase partitioning and aerobic biodegradation. In this particular study laboratory soil column experiments
were employed to compare the diffusive transport of BTEX vapours through a sand layer of high moisture content, where biodegradation
of BTEX compounds occurred, with diffusion through air-dried sand. The presence of a thin soil layer of high moisture content
reduced the gaseous concentrations of benzene and toluene and stopped the migration of ethylbenzene and m-xylene vapours, demonstrating its efficiency as a barrier on the diffusive transport of BTEX vapours in unsaturated soil. 相似文献
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芳香烃污染地下水以其污染普遍、危害巨大、去除困难及治理费用昂贵而倍受各国环境学者及水文地质学者的关注。以苯及甲苯作为标示污染物,利用室内饱水含水层土柱,通过对污染带的模拟实验发现,苯和甲苯在反硝化条件下产生生物降解,二者的去除率分别大于７７％和８８％;反硝化条件下,苯和甲苯显示出降解性差异,甲苯更易于降解;硫酸还原作用可能是苯和甲苯被去除的另一机理,但实验结果显示,ＮＯ－３高时,对硫酸还原菌的生长具有抑制作用。 相似文献
6.
微生物降解是地下水中有机物自然衰减评估的关键,单体稳定同位素是一种有效的评估方法。在对某油罐泄露场地地下水流场识别的基础上,刻画不同地下水中污染物、微生物及电子受体特征,发现随着与污染源水力联系的减弱,污染物浓度明显减小,微生物群落结构和电子受体氧化还原作用类型与源相似的程度也逐渐减弱,呈现出“污染源-下游源区-下游污染羽-上游源区-侧翼污染羽”的空间变化规律。甲苯、间/对二甲苯碳的同位素标记结果发现,降解程度“侧翼污染羽﹥下游污染羽﹥下游源区”,与电子受体表征降解量的排序相反;该场地微生物降解符合一般化学反应“勒沙特列原理”:污染物浓度越高,降解量越大,但降解程度相对减小。 相似文献
7.
Lirong Zhong Kirk Cantrell Alex Mitroshkov Jesse Shewell 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(9):4261-4272
Supercritical CO2 (scCO2) is a good solvent for organic compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, and xylene (BTEX), phenols, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Monitoring results from geological carbon sequestration (GCS) field tests have shown that organic compounds are mobilized following CO2 injection. Such results have raised concerns regarding the potential for groundwater contamination by toxic organic compounds mobilized during GCS. Knowledge of the mobilization mechanism of organic compounds and their transport and fate in the subsurface is essential for assessing risks associated with GCS. Extraction tests using scCO2 and methylene chloride (CH2Cl2) were conducted to study the mobilization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs, including BTEX), the PAH naphthalene, and n-alkanes by scCO2 from representative reservoir rock and caprock obtained from depleted oil reservoirs and coal from an enhanced coal-bed methane recovery site. Results showed that the extent of mobilization for the organic compounds was a function of the source rock. In fate and transport sand column experiments, moisture content was found to have an important influence on the transport of the organic compounds. In dry sand columns the majority of the compounds were retained in the column except benzene and toluene. In wet sand columns the mobility of the BTEX was much higher than that of naphthalene. Based upon the results determined for the reservoir rock, caprock, and coal samples studied here, the risk to aquifers from contamination by organic compounds appears to be relatively low; however, further work is necessary to fully evaluate the risks. 相似文献
8.
河流渗滤系统对地表污水的净化作用综述 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
河流渗滤系统可充分利用水环境的净化功能,提高污水处理效率,避免地下水遭受污染.河流渗滤对地表污水的净化是一种自然过程,它作为天然的过滤器及生物地球化学反应器,可以除去河水中多种污染物,包括天然有机物、合成有机物、无机物、颗粒物、细菌及病原体等.文章分析了影响河流渗滤系统自净作用的影响因素,包括河流沉积物的组成、河流渗滤系统的结构、季节等.最后提出了今后研究河流渗滤系统的方向. 相似文献
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In order to find out the distribution characteristics of BTEX in groundwater, which include Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, p-Xylene, m-Xylene, and o-Xylene, 82 groups of groundwater samples and 10 surface water samples collected from Guangzhou in Guangdong during 2005 to 2008 were tested by gas chromatography and mass spectrum(GC/MS). The result showed that the BTEX concentration in groundwater does not exceed the standard. The detection rate of BTEX is 14.63% in groundwater, and the total BTEX concentration is lower than 9.5 μg/L. Of 6 kinds of BTEX, toluene had the highest detection rate(12.20%) and detection value(9.5 μg/L), which was followed by Benzene, with the detection rate of 3.65%, and detection value of 4.9 μg/L respectively; most of samples with BTEX are distributed in Huangpu district, Baiyun district, Huadu district and other industrialized areas; this spatial distribution and urban distribution have obvious consistency. With economic development, plant expansion and population growth led to a large amount of waste water discharge, and infrastructure construction is lagging behind, indicating that rapid urbanization is a major driving force of BTEX in groundwater, and through the analysis of a typical area, it is found that benzene system surface water infiltration was an important source of BTEX in groundwater of Guangzhou. 相似文献
10.
反硝化增强去除乙醇对多孔介质渗透性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着乙醇混合汽油的不断推广应用,乙醇将成为地下水中与苯、甲苯、乙苯及二甲苯的同分异构体（BTEX）共存的一种新型污染物。通过4 个含水砂柱实验,研究了乙醇存在及其强化去除对含水介质渗透性能的影响。结果表明：在有限溶解氧与反硝化增强修复条件下,乙醇去除率达92% 以上;生物过程对介质渗透能力影响程度随乙醇初始浓度、消耗速率与补充频率而变化：乙醇初始浓度接近1 000 mg/L 和3 000 mg/L 时,乙醇消耗快,补充频率高,渗透系数下降总体上有连续性,最大下降幅度达一个数量级（×10-1 cm/s）;乙醇初始浓度达到5 000 mg/L 时,渗透性下降显著,可下降两个数量级,但乙酸的积累可影响生物活性,并使得渗透性变化出现反复;当不含乙醇时,汽油溶解组分对介质渗透性能的影响相对不明显。 相似文献
11.
汽油污染含水层中芳香烃的自然去除与生物降解特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
石油烃污染地下水是一个普遍而严重的环境问题.用砂卵石、中粗砂、细砂、粉砂和粘土等在实验室内按照自然界沉积物层序制作了一个含水层物理模型,具有给水、排水、监测、抽提、淋滤与注入等功能.利用该模型开展石油烃污染地下水的特征研究结果表明,苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯(benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,xylene;BTEX)各溶解组分能够被自然去除,其中甲苯自然衰减的速率系数为0.057 5～0.150 4 d-1,二甲苯为0.068 3～0.104 6 d,乙苯大约为0.047 8 d,苯为O.017 8～0.040 6 d.甲苯与二甲苯容易被去除,然而苯的去除则需要较长的时间.作为BTEX去除反应的电子受体,溶解氧、硝酸盐在需氧或厌氧条件下具有优先利用的机会,而硫酸盐则缺乏优先利用的机会.BTEX溶解组分浓度的降低,加上电子受体浓度的降低,可以表明含水层存在需氧条件与硝酸盐还原条件下的内在生物降解作用.其意义在于通过增加含水层中电子受体的浓度,将有助于内在生物降解能力的增强,从而能够提高含水层中污染物去除的效果. 相似文献
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监测自然衰减(monitoring natural attenuation,MNA)技术是目前普遍认可的去除地下水中挥发性有机污染物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)的技术。但受其修复周期长、监测费用昂贵等因素的影响,实地开展MNA技术修复污染场地具有一定的局限性。基于此,本研究运用多相流数值模拟手段识别了某石油污染场地内典型VOCs污染物(苯、甲苯、萘)在地下水中的自然衰减过程并评估了其自然衰减能力。结果表明:采用TMVOC所建立的多相流数值模拟模型能较好地预测和识别VOCs在地下水中的衰减规律;在研究区中,苯、甲苯和萘由于理化性质差异,在地下水中的污染羽分布特征不同,其自然衰减过程受挥发、吸附和生物降解作用的影响程度也不同;挥发和生物降解作用对VOCs自然衰减的影响程度均为苯>甲苯>萘,而吸附作用对VOCs自然衰减的影响程度为萘>甲苯>苯;在污染源被阻断的前提下,苯、甲苯和萘分别在泄漏发生7.0、6.5和6.0年后通过自然衰减达到理想去除效果。本文研究成果可以为水文地质条件类似的VOCs污染场地MNA修复方案的制定和修复效果评估提供理论支撑。 相似文献
13.
Eun-Hee Lee Jaisoo Kim Ji-Young Kim So-Yeon Koo Sang-Dong Lee Kyung-Seok Ko Dong-Chan Ko Byoung-Woo Yum Kyung-Suk Cho 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(2):371-382
This research has been performed to determine the differences in microbial communities according to physicochemical properties
such as concentrations of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), dissolved
oxygen (DO), electron acceptors, etc., in oil-contaminated groundwaters at Kyonggi-Do, South Korea. The properties of bacterial
and microbial communities were analyzed by 16S polymerase chain reaction (PCR) denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)
fingerprinting method and community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) using Eco-plate, respectively. Based on the DGGE
fingerprints, the similarities of bacterial community structures were high with similar DO levels, and low with different
DO levels. Whereas the dominant bacterial groups in GW13 (highest BTEX and lowest DO) were acidobacteria, α-proteobacteria,
β-proteobacteria, γ-proteobacteria, δ-proteobacteria, and spirochetes, those in GW7 (highest BTEX and highest DO) were actinobacteria,
α-proteobacteria, β-proteobacteria, γ-proteobacteria, δ-proteobacteria, and sphingobacteria. Based on the CLPP results, the
groundwater samples were roughly divided into three groups: above 4 mg/L in DO (group 1: GW3 and GW7), below 4 mg/L in DO
(group 2: GW8, W1, W2, W3, and BH10), and highly contaminated with BTEX (group 3: GW13). Shannon index showed that the microbial
diversities and equitabilities were higher in shallower aquifer samples. Overall, this study verified that the greatest influencing
factors on microbial/bacterial communities in groundwaters were DO and carbon sources, although BTEX concentration was one
of the major factors. 相似文献
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S. Y. Kim Y. H. Yoon K. S. Kim 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(9):2189-2198
An activated carbon-impregnated cellulose filter was fabricated, and the capacity to remove dust and volatile organic compounds was evaluated in a laboratory. The adsorption capacities for benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and m-xylene gases were compared by an adsorption isotherm test conducted as a preliminary test, showing that m-xylene and benzene were the most and least favorable for adsorption onto activated carbon, respectively. Cellulose filters were made with four levels of activated carbon contents, and dust removal was performed with all of the filters showing 99 % and higher efficiencies stable with a small variation during the experiment. Activated carbon content of 5 g in the unit filter area (125 g/m2) was found optimum for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and m-xylene removal, as it appeared that higher than 5 g activated carbon content was unnecessary for the improvement of its capacity. With increasing benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and m-xylene loading, the highest removal rates were determined as 0.33–0.37 mg/cm2 s for as short as 0.0046 s of air filter residence time. The rapid removal was possible because of the high surface area of the activated carbon-impregnated cellulose filter provided by powdered activated carbon, which is distinguished from the granular form in conventional activated carbon towers. As fixed within a cellulose scaffolding structure, the powdered activated carbon performed excellent benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and m-xylene adsorption (98.9–100 %), and at the same time, particular matters were removed in average 99.7 % efficiency after being filtered through the cellulose filter sheet. 相似文献
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河床含水系统对单环芳烃净化特征室内模拟 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了模拟长期排污河流中单环芳烃在地表水-地下水系统迁移转化规律以及不同含水介质和水动力条件对单环芳烃的净化特征, 室内土柱实验采用3种有代表性的天然砂土为研究对象, 以生活污水模拟纳污河流, 实验历时5个月.单环芳烃的自然净化作用主要发生在河床底下0.4m内, 垂直向下单环芳烃各组分浓度呈由高到低的分布特征; 粗砂对苯、甲苯和单环芳烃总量(TBETX) 总净化率分别为32.06%、21.39%和27.13%;中砂1分别为76.26%、81.40%、87.99%;中砂2分别为68.94%、74.41%、81.69%, 这表明, 河流污染初期河床底含水介质完全饱水, 含水介质颗粒尺寸越大, 对单环芳烃的净化率就越低, 单环芳烃容易迁移进入地下水中; 随着时间的延长, 河床底部淤泥层不断增加, 砂层中的水流处于非饱和状态, 淤泥层和含水介质系统对单环芳烃的净化能力较饱水流时大, 单环芳烃不容易迁移进入地下水. 相似文献
18.
Andrew Evans Jr. 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1998,65(1):17-25
Low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOA) are produced in soil by various biological and chemical processes and can exhibit substantial metal complexing and dissolution capacity. The reactivity of these compounds in the soil environment is dependent on their non-complexed concentration in the soil solution. Adsorption of LMWOA has been shown to reduce their concentration in the soil solution; however, little is known about the reduction of LMWOA concentration due to microbial degradation. To examine the extent of microbial degradation in reducing LMWOA concentration in the soil solution, three-biometer methods were used: a soil biometer flask, an in-situ field biometer and a soil column biometer. Four soil horizons were used with each method. To each soil sample, 2.0×10−6 moles of organic acid containing 3.7×104 Bq total activity was applied. The 14C-radiolabeled aliphatic and aromatic acids studied included oxalic, malonic, succinic, and phthalic acid. Evolved 14CO2 was trapped in 0.5 mol l−1 NaOH and measured using liquid scintillation counting. Labeled acids degraded rapidly within the first 5 days for the Ap1, Ap2, and BA horizons, with a generally slower rate of 14CO2 evolution being observed for the Bt1 horizon. The % degradation of labeled acid was substantially greater for the soil biometer flask method, compared to the field and soil column biometer methods. The average % degradation for the soil biometer flask was 67% for all soil horizons and organic acids, compared to 14% for the field biometer and 13% for the soil column biometer. Results indicate that substantial microbial degradation of organic acids can occur within a relatively short time period and the biometer method selected can influence the % acid degraded. Based on primary results, the soil column biometer method better approximated microbial degradation under field conditions, as evaluated using the field biometer. 相似文献
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An oil-refining plant site located in southern Taiwan has been identified as a petroleum-hydrocarbon [mainly methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX)] spill site. In this study, groundwater samples collected from the site were analyzed to assess the occurrence of intrinsic MTBE biodegradation. Microcosm experiments were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of biodegrading MTBE by indigenous microorganisms under aerobic, cometabolic, iron reducing, and methanogenic conditions. Results from the field investigation and microbial enumeration indicate that the intrinsic biodegradation of MTBE and BTEX is occurring and causing the decrease in MTBE and BTEX concentrations. Microcosm results show that the indigenous microorganisms were able to biodegrade MTBE under aerobic conditions using MTBE as the sole primary substrate. The detected biodegradation byproduct, tri-butyl alcohol (TBA), can also be biodegraded by the indigenous microorganisms. In addition, microcosms with site groundwater as the medium solution show higher MTBE biodegradation rate. This indicates that the site groundwater might contain some trace minerals or organics, which could enhance the MTBE biodegradation. Results show that the addition of BTEX at low levels could also enhance the MTBE removal. No MTBE removal was detected in iron reducing and methanogenic microcosms. This might be due to the effects of low dissolved oxygen (approximately 0.3 mg/L) within the plume. The low iron reducers and methanogens (<1.8×103 cell/g of soil) observed in the aquifer also indicate that the iron reduction and methanogenesis are not the dominant biodegradation patterns in the contaminant plume. Results from the microcosm study reveal that preliminary laboratory study is required to determine the appropriate substrates and oxidation-reduction conditions to enhance the biodegradation of MTBE. Results suggest that in situ or on-site aerobic bioremediation using indigenous microorganisms would be a feasible technology to clean up this MTBE-contaminated site. 相似文献
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岩溶含水系统遭受石油烃污染的环境问题十分普遍。相对于多孔含水介质,石油烃BTEX在石灰岩含水介质中的生
物可降解性还不确定。为此,本研究开展了BTEX在石灰石和岩溶地下水介质中的静态微元体实验。经过77天的实验检测
分析,结果表明：（1） BTEX化合物在可利用电子受体溶解氧或硝酸盐存在条件下具有生物可降解性;（2） 向系统中补充
电子受体硝酸盐,具有促进生物降解的作用,其对BTEX的去除率可高达94%;（3） 未发现补充硫酸盐能够促进BTEX生物
可降解性;（4） 甲苯和二甲苯容易被生物降解,但苯的去除具有一定的难度。 相似文献