共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Sarah Turner 《The Professional geographer》2007,59(4):407-420
This article explores the importance of specific forms of social capital for small‐scale enterprises while highlighting that such analyses must incorporate local sociocultural complexities. In Eastern Indonesia, small‐scale entrepreneurs in Makassar city rely heavily on informal networks, linkages, and trust relationships for their livelihoods. This dependence reflects different social capital forms, embedded in local ethnic and social relations that are inclusionary for some, yet exclusionary for others. Findings show that although bonding social capital is prevalent, albeit with diverse implications, bridging social capital is less so, and linking social capital is virtually absent. A lack of the latter, combined with widespread corruption in the city, hinders livelihood progress for many local entrepreneurs. 相似文献
2.
3.
共享社会经济路径下中国碳中和路径预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
科学地预测和分析不同情景下中国碳中和路径有助于碳中和目标的合理推进,但当前研究仍缺少结合碳源—汇变化趋势的综合性分析与应用国际耦合模式情景的系统性分析。本文运用WITCH综合评估模型与IBIS植被动态模型模拟了各共享社会经济路径情景下21世纪中国碳源—汇路径,对中国碳中和时间及路径进行预测分析。研究发现：① 中国碳汇逐年值存在3~4 a的周期性波动。RCP6.0气候情景下中国碳汇总量均值稳定在约0.30 Gt C/a;RCP2.6气候情景下中国碳汇总量均值呈下降趋势,到2065—2100年下降至约0.18 Gt C/a。② 中国碳排放总量受到世界经济社会发展路径与政策强度的共同影响,在中高强度减排政策下中国碳排放均在2025—2030年达峰后呈下降趋势,其中SSP1/SSP4—高强度碳减排政策情景下碳排放在2060年降至约0.30 Gt C/a并实现碳中和目标。③ 基于典型碳中和情景的路径研究,实现碳中和目标应积极促进清洁能源技术进步与应用,推进非电力能源向电力能源转变,推广生物质能源及CCS技术,并积极倡导电动汽车的发展。 相似文献
4.
海外关系网络是一种特殊的社会资本,对地方经济的发展可以起到一定的促进作用。本文从社会网络作为资源配置渠道的角度,以广东新会为例,通过实地调研、数据统计及问卷分析,探讨了海外关系网络对地方经济发展的作用。研究发现,通过海外关系网络进入侨乡的资金主要有侨汇、捐赠和投资三种形式,三者都直接或间接地作用于新会地方经济发展的各个方面,对新会地方发展起到了重要的作用。然而,随着经济的发展和市场的建立,社会网络的作用正在减弱,说明社会资本只能在特定的时期和特定的历史条件下起作用。侨乡经济要取得持续发展,就必须加强市场的建设。 相似文献
5.
Livestock production has been criticized for its effect on greenhouse gas emissions and policy makers are now supporting actions to reduce these impact. Voluntary adoption of these actions will be precluded by the farmer perception of the risks from a changing climate. We employ a latent class clustering approach to understand the heterogeneity within a sample of dairy farmers, based on 8 statements related to climate change risk.The majority of farmers are found to be 'confused moderates' who have no strong opinion towards the possible future impacts of climate change. Two further classes emerged, namely 'deniers' and 'risk perceivers'. We find that higher education levels have an influence on increasing risk perception, as does the intention to pass the farm onto another family member. Membership of agri-environmental schemes does not preclude awareness or acceptance of climate change risk, principally due to the lack of emphasis on greenhouse gas emissions within these schemes. In addition, use of social networks seems to be a significant factor in raising the profile of risk perception within farmer decision-making.We conclude that advisors and those engaging with the farming community must accommodate climate messages in their communication strategies. Furthermore, emphasis on the greenhouse gas benefits from adoption of agri-environmental schemes would seem to be an efficient vehicle for raising the risk profile of climate change and influence future uptake of Government and industry supported actions. 相似文献
6.
污染型企业的区位选择、转移及其驱动机制研究是环境经济地理研究的热点话题。现有文献从正式制度的角度深入探讨了地方政府的环境规制对污染型企业进入退出、空间分布和产业转移的影响,相对忽视了地方社会资本如公众环保意识、企业环境责任等非正式制度因素对污染型企业区位选择的作用机制。本文基于2011年中国工业企业数据、中国综合社会调查（CGSS）以及城市统计年鉴等数据资料,从社会规范、社会网络和社会信任三方面构建中国城市尺度社会资本,利用二元logit回归模型探讨了社会资本与环境规制对中国污染型企业退出的影响。研究发现：① 环境规制对污染型企业退出的促进作用存在门槛效应。② 公众环保意识、企业环境责任作为社会规范因素,对污染型企业生存构成了外部非正式环境压力;但社会信任和社会网络并没有直接促进污染型企业退出。③ 社会资本在强环境规制地区中的交互作用显著,能够形成正式制度与非正式制度的良好互动。本研究从社会资本这一非正式制度的视角理解污染型企业退出的影响机制,不仅是对正式制度层面环境规制研究的补充,同时也对污染型企业的区位选择和地方政府环境治理政策的制定具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
7.
Thomas G. Measham 《The Australian geographer》2007,38(2):145-159
Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) continues to attract interest as a way of achieving social and environmental outcomes at the local and regional scale. Central to the success of CBNRM is the importance of capacity building and participatory approaches to research and management. This paper discusses an initiative in East Gippsland which involved a facilitated process to assist local residents build their capacity to manage their landscape. Through conducting a community survey, the project facilitated landholders to voice, develop and refine their understanding of remnant vegetation management, dieback and revegetation on private land. In doing so, landholders have improved not only their understanding of the issues but also their ability to act upon them. The empirical findings of the study highlight two issues of relevance to dieback on the East Gippsland Red Gum Plains. First, there is a perception that dieback has remained stable for at least 10 years. Second, scattered trees and small patches of trees are more vulnerable to dieback than clumped trees in larger patch sizes, as well as roadside vegetation. The research demonstrates the value of a community-based approach to NRM in terms of harnessing local knowledge, fostering human and social capital and engaging with interested landholders. 相似文献
8.
作为一种最划算的减排措施,碳税已在个别国家开始实施。编制河南省社会核算矩阵表（SAM）及其他区域SAM,构建了一个30部门的双区域的可计算一般均衡模型（CGE）,分析对能源产业（煤炭开采和洗选业、石油和天然气开采业、石油炼焦核燃料加工业和燃气生产和供应业）分别征收不同价格的碳税后,河南省经济及人民生活水平的变化情况。并考虑不同类型的碳税返还情景带来的居民和企业效益,以期为通用的双区域CGE模型提供依据。模拟结果显示：碳税的征收可以有效减少CO2的排放;导致河南省增加值的下降;能源产业中煤炭开采和洗选业的国内价格受负面影响最大;其他行业中农林牧渔业受到的负面影响较大。农村居民比城市居民对碳税政策的反应更加敏感,且碳税对农村居民带来的影响为负面的。对比分析的结果表明,碳税返还给农村居民是一个合适的选择,能够使得农村居民、城镇居民和企业的利益都得到保障。 相似文献
9.
Researchers have cautioned against both erasing conceptual complexities and homogenizing communities in community-based natural resources (CBNRM) studies and interventions. Social capital is seen as an enabler of CBNRM, yet we argue that differential access to social capital and associated outcomes deserves greater attention to avoid oversimplification of community interventions. Drawing upon literature on social networks and social capital, we analyze survey and network data from two community ecotourism cases in Ghana to advance understanding of the empowering capacities and limitations of CBNRM through social capital access. Subpopulations within communities are considered. Results show that residents with greater access to social capital report greater levels of empowerment. However, that relationship seems to be conditioned by one’s involvement, demographics, and by the empowerment dimension under analysis. Implications of the differing relationships between cognitive and structural social capital in relation to several empowerment outcomes are discussed from theoretical, methodological, and practical perspectives. 相似文献
10.
Biodiversity decline continues apace across the Australian landscape with a pressing need to redesign land use to address this situation. The significance of private land increasingly is recognised for the protection and enhancement of biodiversity as landholders inevitably make decisions that affect environmental quality. Biodiversity conservation is as much a social process as a physical one. Conservation covenants are perpetual agreements under which landholders choose to conserve land voluntarily, primarily for conservation purposes. The role covenants might play in landscape-scale conservation was investigated in north-western Victoria. In-depth interviews with a range of participants were undertaken, with an emphasis on the role covenantors might play as social learning and cultural change agents. Analysis of these interviews offers useful perspectives for understanding socio-cultural dimensions of landscape change and exploring the differing values of production farmers and nature conservation landholders. Consideration is then given to approaches to engaging local production farmers in nature covenants and promoting communication between this group and the largely non-production conservationists who currently form the mainstay of conservation covenants. 相似文献
11.
12.
The concept of social capital has been used by numerous authors to investigate various topics. As yet, however, little attention has been paid to its relationship with mobility and social exclusion. Those findings which have been published suggest that the maintenance of social capital and associated networks within and between communities largely depends on mobility, but that local social networks are being undermined as a result of growing car ownership and use. This paper draws on the results of recent rural transport research to suggest that, at the same time, strong local social capital appears important in conferring mobility on certain social groups, especially those without access to a car. In the context of community transport, our analysis uses a geographic framework to attempt to explore these positions and reviews arising policy and research implications. 相似文献
13.
The Sustainable Forestry and African American Land Retention Program (SFLR) was launched in 2012 to increase adoption of sustainable forestry practices among African American landowners in the southeastern United States to prevent land loss, increase forest health, and build economic assets. One of its main goals was to build communication networks through which African American landowners could obtain and share information about forestry practices and landowner assistance programs independent of public agencies. To measure and examine the growth of these communication networks over a three-year period (2014-2017), we conducted 87 interviews with landowners (24 of whom were interviewed multiple times), SFLR personnel, and Federal and State staff members in North Carolina. We used complementary methods of data gathering and analysis, including social network analysis and qualitative analysis. Our results showed expanding communication networks will be sustained independently of the program over time, although there is still a heavy reliance on program personnel. 相似文献
14.
Social capital can enhance community resilience to environmental change. Productive and trusted relations among social actors and effectual social norms can help local residents share resources, information and risks. The main objective of our study is to understand the ways in which social attributes and risk considerations influence adoption of resilient economic measures by individuals for reducing potential losses due to catastrophic rainstorm and flooding. This article provides evidence from China on how social capital contributes to anticipatory adaptation to environmental change. The inquiry is based on structured interviews with local residents of Tianjin, a flood-prone port city in China, and a standard regression analysis. Findings show that the intention to make preparation increases with the levels of social expectation, social relationship, and institutional trust. Perceived risk and damage experience, however, have no significant impacts. This suggests that building social capacity and trust will be more effective in enhancing community resilience than merely increasing awareness of hazard risks. We call for greater efforts on strengthening the capacity of formal and informal communal institutions. The structural changes required, however, are challenging. 相似文献
15.
东南亚华人华侨网络与中国企业海外投资的区位选择关系研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
随着“走出去”战略的实施和“一带一路”倡议的提出,中国在全球化经济中逐渐成为国际投资的主要力量之一。海外华人华侨网络曾经积极促进外商对华的直接投资,是否在这个过程中再次扮演积极的作用,是当前经济地理领域尚未充分探究的问题。因此,本文从经典的区位选择问题切入,探究海外华人华侨网络与中国企业海外投资的区位选择的关系,利用2001-2016年中国企业投资东南亚国家的数据,通过混合逻辑模型回归分析海外华人华侨对中国企业投资区位的影响。结果表明：① 从整体上看,东南亚各国的华人华侨规模和中国企业对外直接投资的区位选择之间存在显著的正相关关系;② 从投资时间上看,海外华人华侨规模与中国企业对外直接投资区位选择之间的关系显著性呈现扩大趋势,说明华人华侨在促进中国企业对外投资方面存在较大潜力;③ 从投资的行业和环节上看,不同行业和不同职能部门的企业在东南亚投资中海外华人华侨在其投资区位选择中所起的作用不同。 相似文献
16.
Community and Social Capital in Upper-Income Neighborhoods: An Investigation in Metropolitan Phoenix
《Urban geography》2013,34(8):1065-1079
This study investigates how upper-income residents respond to neoliberal practices and private governance in forming unusual community relationships in landscapes seemingly devoid of traditional social capital. Based on field work in three communities in metropolitan Phoenix, it was concluded that through private groups and an intrinsic nature to know others, residents create meaningful relationships at scales other than the neighborhood or municipality and focus on nontraditional, privatized community institutions. Whereas these new relationships enhance residents' feelings of connectedness, they generally promote bonding over bridging social capital. Moreover, the draconian effects homeowners or property owners' associations have on normative landscape and behavioral constraints tend to wane considerably as the transition from the developer's idea of place and the residents' vision of place occurs temporally. 相似文献
17.
CAROL MORRIS 《The Geographical journal》2010,176(1):77-89
This paper explores the environmental knowledge of small-scale rural landholders and comments on the implications of this for environmental policy. The paper draws on conceptualisations of knowledge as 'know what', 'know why', 'know how' and 'know who', recognises a distinction between tacit and codified environmental knowledges and highlights the need to consider the politics of knowledge surrounding environmental issues. Both quantitative and qualitative data are reported, and are derived from structured interviews with 30 small-scale landholders who were participants in a nature and landscape conservation initiative – the Landscape Heritage Scheme – within South Devon, England. These data are used to explore the place of environmental concerns within the land management objectives of respondents; the nature and extent of their environmental knowledge; how a range of factors alongside their environmental knowledge shaped the environmental practices of respondents; and the politics of knowledge associated with the Landscape Heritage Scheme. The paper suggests that small-scale landholders should be of interest to environmental policy, prioritising environmental objectives in their land management, being relatively knowledgeable about the environment and highly responsive to environmental advice and financial incentives that support environmental management. A case is made for developing research in this area, given ongoing processes of rural demographic change and the rising importance within this of an increasingly diverse landholding population. 相似文献
18.
Recent research has highlighted the value of employing the idea of networks to describe the interrelatedness of today's globalizing economy. Networks facilitate flows of knowledge, ideas, managerial techniques and capital between firms both within and across political borders. This paper argues that the reconstruction of social connections through which information is created, given value and exchanged is fundamental to an understanding of not only contemporary but also historical patterns of economic globalization. We focus on the networks of the capitalist elite running 12 major multinational enterprises, active across British imperial territories, between c .1900 and c .1930. An examination is made of the economic and spatial interlocks between firms created by board members who were multiple directors. Social underpinnings of multiple directorates are examined by exploring the common, overlapping social spheres within which individuals engaged. A clearer grasp of the ways in which corporate activity operated in the early 1900s can provide a better understanding of the social context of global economic operations. 相似文献
19.
中国区域陆地生态系统碳收支综合研究的科技需求与重要科学问题 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
陆地生态系统碳收支及其循环过程机制研究一直是全球气候变化的成因分析、变化趋势预测、减缓和适应对策分析等领域的热点,受到科技界和国际社会的广泛关注。本文在简要回顾中国陆地生态系统碳收支及其循环过程研究领域的发展历史,总结各个发展阶段主要特征的基础上,讨论了开展中国区域陆地生态系统碳收支综合研究的科技需求和社会需求,评述了中国在相关领域研究中存在的主要问题,探讨了当前的科学研究前沿领域及其关键科学问题。本文指出,现阶段中国开展区域尺度陆地生态系统碳收支及其循环过程机制综合研究工作不仅是提升中国生态系统生态学、地球系统科学与全球变化科学的创新能力的科技发展需求,更是中国参与应对全球气候变化国际合作、改进生态系统管理、保障生态安全的社会经济发展需求。同时还指出,中国现阶段在该领域的研究工作还缺乏各类生态系统碳收支的实际调查数据,缺乏国家尺度碳收支科学数据的整合,缺乏可用于碳收支计量与综合评估的模型工具,也没有形成国家层次的碳源汇计量、评估、认证及决策分析信息系统平台。本文通过国内外科技发展的分析认为,中国在该领域的研究工作,应在大力发展陆地生态系统碳收支和碳汇功能的定量监测、评价和认证的方法与技术基础上,重点关注并前瞻性地开展陆地生态系统碳-氮-水循环过程耦合关系及其对全球气候变化的响应与适应、碳-氮-磷生态化学计量学特征及其环境影响、碳-氮-水耦合循环过程的生物调控机制等前沿领域,以提高中国生态系统与全球变化科学研究水平,为国家的生态系统与温室气体管理提供基础理论、科学知识和先进技术的储备。 相似文献
20.
亚运会城市更新对社区居民影响的跟踪研究——基于广州市三个社区的实证调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
亚运会的成功举办对广州的经济、社会、文化产生了深远影响,同时也触发了广州新一轮的城市更新,涉及颇多社区与居民。现有研究仅关注亚运会前期的影响,缺乏对其后续影响的跟踪研究。本文对亚运会期间更新改造的三个案例进行跟踪研究,对比更新前后社区居民在物质、社会和心理层面上所受影响。研究表明:由于城市更新缺乏对社区居民的全面考虑,更新改造导致部分居民的社会经济地位降低,社会网络破坏,邻里关系拆散,社区满意度下降。这场快速、效果显著的城市更新,在物质层面上一定程度地改善了居民的居住环境和质量,但在社会层面和心理层面却对社区居民造成了较大负面影响。作为与政府和开发商不均衡博弈中的弱势方,社区居民成为亚运轰轰烈烈的城市更新改造中的社会成本承担者。城市更新应更多关注社会利益与公众参与,提倡多元化的城市更新目标。 相似文献