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1.
Masaru Yamamoto 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2012,115(3-4):89-112
Two types of cold-air outbreaks over the Yellow and East China Seas are investigated using a regional mesoscale model. Distinct patterns of surface turbulent heat fluxes and precipitation are identified between the two cases. The sea surface heat flux and frictional velocity are strongly influenced by mesoscale differences between high- and low-resolution datasets of sea surface temperature (SST). The influence of the SST difference on atmospheric water is spread to the downstream area of the outbreak with the phase transition of water. The air mass transformation around 800?hPa over the Kuroshio is partly influenced by the upstream SST difference. In particular, the SST difference near the mouth of the Yanzi River strongly modifies the air mass around Taiwan. Thus, in addition to the Kuroshio front, the mesoscale Chinese coastal SST structure is also important in the air mass transformation over the East China Sea. 相似文献
2.
Using a one-level numerical diagnostic model, the features of surface wind fields in Hainan Island and Leizhou Peninsula and maritime area around it are studied. In the experiments with prevailing synoptic situation for varying seasons there are obvious deflection flows, terrain slope drafts, convergence lines, sea/land breeze and mountain/valley breeze, and difference in season accounts for the features found in the mesoscale distribution.The complex terrain and seatland distribution in the area is shown to be the important cause for the formation of varying mesoscale circulation, and close relationships between local climatic distribution feature and mesoscale circulation are then revealed. 相似文献
3.
The spatial and temporal distributions of marine cold air outbreaks (MCAOs) over the northern North Atlantic have been investigated using re-analysis data for the period from 1958 to 2007. MCAOs are large-scale outbreaks of cold air over a relatively warm ocean surface. Such conditions are known to increase the severity of particular types of hazardous mesoscale weather phenomena. We used a simple index for identifying MCAOs: the vertical potential temperature gradient between the sea surface and 700 hPa. It was found that atmospheric temperature variability is considerably more important than the sea surface temperature variability in governing both the seasonal and the inter-annual variability of MCAOs. Furthermore, a composite analysis revealed that a few well-defined and robust synoptic patterns are evident during MCAOs in winter. Over the Labrador and Irminger Seas the MCAO index was found to have a correlation of 0.70 with the North Atlantic Oscillation index, while over the Barents Sea a negative correlation of 0.42 was found. 相似文献
4.
中尺度天气的高空地面综合图分析 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
中尺度强天气的预报能力非常有限,一个重要原因是在业务预报中,缺乏对中尺度对流天气发生的环境场条件和发生发展特征进行及时有效的分析。本文介绍了国家气象中心正在试行的中尺度天气的天气图分析方法。中尺度天气的天气图分析主要利用探空资料和数值预报相关参量资料,分析中尺度对流天气发生发展的环境场条件,包括高空综合图分析和地面分析。在高空分析中重视风、温度、湿度、变温、变高的分析,并通过将不同等压面上最能反映水汽、抬升、不稳定和垂直风切变状况的特征系统和特征线绘制在一张图上形成综合图,以更直观的方式反映产生中尺度深厚对流系统发生发展潜势的高低空配置环境场条件。地面分析包括气压、风、温度、湿度、对流天气现象和各类边界线(锋)的分析。国家气象中心的强对流天气预报业务试验表明,中尺度天气的天气图分析已经成为强对流天气潜势预报的重要依据。 相似文献
5.
针对渤海区域冬季较为常见的海效应事件,利用2000—2012年的GMS5、GOES9和MTSAT等卫星遥感数据及NCEP FNL再分析数据、海面温度SST、地面降水观测数据等资料,系统研究了渤海海效应事件的季节变化和日变化特征。研究结果表明：渤海海效应事件一般持续时间不长,但在11月—次年1月,有持续时间较长的个例,这段时间也是发生次数最多的时期;海效应事件的发生有较明显的日变化特征,清晨和上午出现的频次明显大于下午和前半夜,且不同季节也不尽相同;海效应事件中有约一半会造成山东半岛降水,其中在冬半年主要造成降雪,但个别情况下也有可能形成降雨;另外,造成海效应事件的天气学环境指标也具有很强的季节变化特征,其中850 hPa温度、海面温度、地面2 m温度和比湿均有较明显的月变化,而风速、海面和850 hPa温差则相对稳定,季节变化不大。这些研究结果将进一步加深对渤海海效应事件的认识,为预报思路凝练和研究的开展提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
6.
利用PW1979海冰热力模式，考虑渤海的地理特点和气候特征，假设渤海为薄层海洋，引入二分法求解海冰表面温度。用该地区气候平均的云量、湿度、海平面气压和风速以及附近4站的月平均气温资料作为强迫场，模拟了渤海海冰的气候变化。模拟结果与逐年的海冰级数资料具有一致的变率，表明气温对海冰年际变化有重要影响。 相似文献
7.
利用1951—2008年东北地区夏季平均气温资料,分析了东北地区近58 a来东北地区夏季气温的变化趋势和突变特征,结果表明,东北夏季气温存在明显年代际变化的阶段性特征和总体增暖的趋势。对我国东北夏季气温与太平洋海温的相关分析表明,太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)由冷位相转为暖位相后,我国东北夏季气温与同期赤道中东太平洋海温相关减弱、与黑潮区海温相关增强,我国东北夏季气温与前期各季太平洋海温相关分布差异很大,海温关键区及相关强度都有所改变,这种相关关系的转变可能是造成近几年来利用太平洋海温预测我国东北夏季气温不确定性的原因之一。 相似文献
8.
The climate modeling community has been challenged to develop a method for improving the simulation of the Pacific-North America (PNA) teleconnection pattern in climate models. The accuracy of PNA teleconnection simulation is significantly improved by considering mesoscale convection contributions to sea surface fluxes. The variation in the PNA over the past 22 years was simulated by the Grid Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG version 1.0 (GAMIL1.0) model, which was guided by observational sea surface temperature (SST) from January 1979 to December 2000. Results show that heating in the tropical central-eastern Pacific is simulated more realistically, and sea surface latent heat flux and precipitation anomalies are more similar to the reanalysis data when mesoscale enhancement is considered during the parameterization scheme of sea surface turbulent fluxes in GAMIL1.0. Realistic heating in the tropical central-eastern Pacific in turn significantly improves the simulation of interannual variation and spatial patterns of PNA. 相似文献
9.
陕西一次持续性强对流天气过程的成因分析 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
利用常规资料、地面加密资料、TBB和NCEP再分析等资料,对2006年6月23—25日陕西一次持续性的强对流天气过程进行了天气动力学诊断和中尺度特征分析。结果表明：（1）这次持续性的强对流天气发生在蒙古冷涡的大尺度环流背景下,从冷涡底部分裂的下滑冷槽是强对流天气的影响系统;中高层冷槽和低层暖温度脊、湿舌的上下叠置,有利于对流不稳定的建立和发展。（2）对流层低层850 hPa附近的逆温层所形成的干暖盖,更有利于深厚对流活动的发生;大气温度直减率越大越有利于雷暴大风的发生,对流有效位能（CAPE）和垂直风切变的大小与对流性天气的强弱有很好的对应关系。（3）23和24日的强对流天气是由生命史达6小时左右的β中尺度雹暴云团造成,而25日的剧烈天气是由生命史达10小时左右的α中尺度飑线云团造成。（4）地面辐合线或干线是触发强对流天气的因子之一,对流单体一般生成于地面辐合线附近,在地面辐合线与干线结合处易于对流单体或云团的新生和发展。 相似文献
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11.
本文利用包括海气耦合、气浪耦合及浪流耦合的完全耦合系统,着重研究了2006年“格美”(Kaemi)台风眼墙内的中尺度涡结构。中尺度涡作为影响台风眼墙非对称结构的内部因子,与风垂直切变密切相关,其发展过程受台风下垫面海洋状况的影响。在顺切变右侧,垂直气流逐渐增强,在顺切变左侧达到最大后逐渐减弱。当不考虑海表温度的冷涌反馈作用时,海气间的热通量输送较大,由此引起眼墙内的中尺度对流加强,但集中爆发区仍然位于顺切变方向,不受热通量输送变化的影响。当不考虑海浪对海表粗糙度的影响时,在较小的海表粗糙度条件下,眼墙非对称性减弱,使得中尺度对流涡在切向方向上的分布较为均匀。 相似文献
12.
通过对 1989年 3～ 6月引发琼北强对流天气的机制分析 ,得出该地强对流天气的发生与锋面、切变线、SSW风与 SSE风的辐合线等中尺度天气系统有关 ,同时提出各类中尺度天气系统下强天气预报的着眼点 相似文献
13.
基于1979～2018年观测的向外长波辐射（outgoing longwave radiation, OLR）资料和其他多种再分析资料,发现西太平洋暖池对流存在3类显著的月际变化。第一类为OLR在6月和8月为负异常而7月为正异常;第二类与第一类完全相反;第三类为OLR在6～7月为正异常,8月为负异常。3类月际变化与ENSO循环的背景有关,前两类发生在较弱的La Ni?a年和El Ni?o发展年,与春季暖池海温异常有关。当前一个月海温偏高时,后一个月对流偏强,造成局地海温降低,偏低的海温又反过来抑制了后一个月的对流发展,因此暖池地区局地海气相互作用在这两类月际变化中起到关键作用。与前两类不同的是,第三类月际变化发生在El Ni?o衰减年,与春季热带印度洋海温偏高有关。热带印度洋海温偏高造成印度附近对流在6～7月间增强,通过东传Kelvin波抑制了暖池对流发展。同时,印度附近对流偏强造成8月印度洋海温降低和对流减弱,对暖池对流的影响因而减弱。另一方面,6～7月暖池对流偏弱造成8月暖池海温升高,结果造成暖池对流增强。因此,第三类月际变化受到热带印度洋强迫以及暖池地区局地海气相互作用的共同影响。 相似文献
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15.
山东半岛一次冷流暴雪过程的中尺度模拟与云微物理特征分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本文以NCEP-FNL资料作为初始场和边界场,采用WRF中尺度模式对2010年12月29-30日发生在山东半岛的一次冷流暴雪过程进行数值模拟,并利用高时空分辨率模拟结果分析此次过程的中尺度特征和云微物理特征.模拟与分析结果表明,此次暴雪过程发生在较强的海气温差背景下,渤海海表对冷空气的增温增湿作用显著,通过湍流交换等作用向低层大气输送大量感热、潜热和水汽;水汽由渤海中部海域输送到山东半岛东北部地区,其上空水汽辐合层比较浅薄,集中在800 hPa以下,相对湿度饱和层和比湿高值维持的时间与强降雪时段一致;中尺度海岸锋的生消过程对冷流暴雪过程形成有着重要作用,水平方向上呈现为偏北风和偏西风的强辐合带,局地环流中的上升运动触发不稳定能量释放,直接决定暴雪的落区和强度,这是产生浅对流降雪的主要物理机制;云中水凝物粒子的高度在600 hPa以下,最大值出现在850～900 hPa之间与浅对流结构相对应;各水凝物粒子含量相差较大,以雪和霰最多. 相似文献
16.
黄渤海一次持续性大雾过程特征和成因分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用日本MTSAT1R卫星数据、常规地面和高空观测数据、NCEP FNL客观再分析资料和NEARGOOS（NorthEast Asian Regional Global Ocean Observing System）的海表温度（SST）数据,分析了2010年5月31日至6月5日发生在黄渤海及周边地区的一次持续性海雾天气的形成、维持、消散特征及其物理机制。结果表明：大雾形成前低层水汽非常充沛,入海变性冷高压的稳定维持为这次持续性海雾过程提供了有利的背景条件,海雾在夜间辐射冷却作用下形成;大雾期间黄渤海 相似文献
17.
The teleconnection distribution characteristics of sea surface temperature (SST) over the India
Ocean and the precipitation during rainy season in China were studied by using the methods of EOF and CCA.
The results indicate that the change of SST field will affect the change of rain belt during rainy seasons in
China, and greatly affect the precipitation in northwest and southwest China, the Yangzi and Yellow River
downstream basins. Strong signal phenomena of SSTA over India Ocean were revealed that showed the anomalous
distribution of drought and flood in China. It shows that the precipitation during rainy seasons in China
may be forecast by analyzing SST distribution characteristics over the India Ocean. 相似文献
18.
Abstract The relationships between monthly anomalies of sea surface temperature (SST) and monthly anomalies of several surface wind parameters are examined using ten years of data from the mid‐latitude North Pacific Ocean. The wind parameters involve both u3 * and curl τ, where u* is the atmospheric friction velocity and τ the surface stress. These quantities are calculated from surface wind components analysed on synoptic (6‐hourly) maps. In order to examine the effect of synoptic disturbances, the time series of surface wind components at each grid point is high‐pass filtered (passing periods less than 10 days) and the above wind parameters are calculated from both filtered and unfiltered wind components. Two statistically significant relationships are found between monthly anomalies of SST and those of the various wind parameters. The first is a large coherent negative correlation between monthly anomalies of u3 * calculated from the high‐pass filtered wind components and month‐to‐month changes in the SST anomalies in the Central Pacific. This relationship is attributed to the production of turbulent vertical mixing in the ocean by synoptic disturbances in the atmosphere. The second relationship is a large positive correlation between curl τ calculated from the unfiltered wind components and SST anomaly changes in the Eastern Pacific. This relationship, which is opposite to that expected from Ekman pumping, is attributed to a negative association between the wind stress curl and the meridional advection of heat by the eastern boundary current system. It is shown that these atmospheric forcing mechanisms explain up to 10 per cent of the variance of monthly SST anomalies in a large part of the mid‐latitude North Pacific Ocean. This amount is in addition to, but certainly less than, that which can be explained by anomalous horizontal advection through statistical relationships with sea‐level pressure anomalies (Davis, 1976). 相似文献
19.
Thermal interaction between near-water atmospheric layer and surface water layer is considered within long-term, seasonal, synoptic, and mesoscale variability ranges from long-term air and water temperature measurement data. It is established that long-term mean monthly values of water temperature within annual cycle are greater than corresponding values of air temperature. Equations of relationships are obtained for long-term mean annual, mean seasonal, and mean monthly air and water temperature values. 相似文献
20.
On May 20 th 2007, a brief but severe downpour rainstorm occurred in the coastal areas of Maoming and Yangjiang with rainfall of 115 mm per hour. Data from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis with 1°×1° resolution, Doppler weather radar, conventional surface observations, high-altitude radiosonde and wind profiler radar were used to analyze characteristics and contributions of synoptic scale and mesoscale systems during this torrential rainstorm. The results showed that:(1) the storm was caused by a quasi-linear mesoscale convective system(MCS) and the slow-movement of this system was the primary trigger of the torrential downpour;(2) water vapor was abundant, nearly saturated and in steady state throughout the atmosphere before the storm; intrusion of the weak dry and cold air in the middle level and a striking "dry above and wet below " structure had increased the atmospheric instability;(3) low-level southwesterly airflow from a low pressure(trough) at the Beibu Gulf provided abundant water vapor at the onset of the rainstorm; a deep dry layer was formed by dry and cold air behind the high-level trough, which facilitated latent heat release;upper-level divergence and low-level convergence circulations also provided vertical uplift for warm and moist air at the lower level;(4) Topography only played a minor role as the MCS developed and strengthened over relatively flat coastal terrain. Low level density flow induced by convection triggered new convective cell generation at the leading edge of the convective system, thereby playing a key role in the change of temperature gradient at lower layers, and resulting in strengthening atmospheric instability. 相似文献