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1.
《海洋通报(英文版)》2015,(1)
根据2006年到2007年,908专项黄河口附近海域表层沉积物的调查资料,研究黄河口海域表层沉积物中重金属含量分布特征;沉积物中Cu-Cd、Pb-Cr、Cr-As 3组元素间具有显著的相关性,表明它们分别具有相似的元素地球化学性质和来源;运用Hakanson潜在生态危害系数法对其潜在生态危害程度进行评估,黄河口沉积物的潜在生态风险的来源是镉和汞占据主要权重;运用生物效应浓度法对其生物毒性效应进行评价,结果表明,As对黄河口海域环境中生物的负面效应偶尔发生,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr和Hg暂时不会产生不良生物效应。 相似文献
2.
本文采用2008年在珠江口荷包岛近岸海域的调查数据,对表层沉积物重金属的分布特征及重金属与TOC的相关性进行了分析,并采用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对其生态危害程度进行了评价。结果表明:重金属Cd,Hg,Cr和As四种元素分布基本呈现荷包岛近岸海域较高的特点,重金属Zn,Pb和Cu的分布没有明显规律;重金属富集顺序为Cd＞Zn＞Cu＞Hg＞As＞Cr＞Pb。相关性研究表明,重金属Cu与Zn显著相关,Hg,Cr,Cd和As极显著相关;有机质是影响沉积物重金属迁移和转化的重要因素。潜在生态危害评价结果表明,荷包岛近岸海域表层沉积物重金属总体潜在生态危害轻微;各重金属生态危害程度顺序为Cd＞Hg＞As＞Pb＞Cu＞Cr＞Zn;对荷包岛近岸海域生态环境具有潜在生态危害的重金属主要是Cd和Hg。 相似文献
3.
山东近岸海域表层沉积物7种重金属污染特征和生态风险评估研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
本文综合运用单因子污染指数法、Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法和沉积物质量基准法3种方法,研究和评价了2012年和2013年山东近岸海域表层沉积物重金属的污染特征和潜在生态风险。结果表明:山东近岸海域94%以上站位的表层沉积物重金属含量符合第一类海洋沉积物质量标准,沉积物质量良好;山东近岸海域重金属综合潜在生态风险低,各重金属潜在生态风险由高到低为HgAsCdPbCuCrZn(2012年)和HgCdAsPbCuCrZn(2013年),Hg在个别站位达中潜在生态风险程度,为主要污染因子;50%以上站位As含量介于美国佛罗里达州和加拿大沉积物质量基准的TEL—PEL之间,表明负面生物效应偶尔发生。应加强对山东近岸海域表层沉积物中重金属Hg和As的监测,重点关注二者相对高值区的潜在生态风险和负面生物效应。 相似文献
4.
根据2012年双岛湾海域环境调查资料,研究了海水和表层沉积物中重金属的分布特征以及生态风险。结果显示,双岛湾海域海水中的重金属Cu和Pb在湾中部和湾底的部分站位含量较高,Zn和Cr含量在湾底最高、湾外最低,Cd和Hg在湾底和湾外的含量均高于湾中部,As的分布比较均匀;除Zn和Pb外,其余重金属含量均高于周边其他海域。双岛湾海域沉积物中重金属含量较低,与区域背景值相近,其中重金属Hg和Cd在湾内沉积作用明显,而Cu、Pb和Cr在湾外沉积作用比较明显。相关性分析表明,有机碳含量对双岛湾沉积物中的重金属分布影响不大。生态风险评价结果表明,双岛湾海域海水未受到重金属的污染;表层沉积物中重金属存在中低度的生态风险,具有潜在的不利生物毒性效应,重金属毒性大小依次为Pb>As>Cu>Hg>Cr=Cd>Zn。 相似文献
5.
天津海域沉积物重金属潜在生态风险危害评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近岸海域环境质量是关系到海岸带地区可持续发展与人类健康的重要科学问题,根据 1997 - 2005 年监测资料,分析了天津海域表层沉积物中 6 种重金属的现状和变化趋势,采用地积累指数和 Hakanson 危害指数对天津海域沉积物重金属富集现状和对水生生物危害进行评估.结果显示:天津海域沉积物中 Hg , Cd , As , Cu , Zn 在所有站位均含量较低,Pb 含量较高.6 种重金属对天津海域生物潜在危害顺序为 Hg > Cd > Pb > As > Cu > Zn. 相似文献
6.
辽东湾表层沉积物的重金属污染特征与质量评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文研究了辽东湾表层沉积物中重金属的分布及污染特征，评价其生态风险及环境质量。对辽东湾表层沉积物8种重金属（As、Cu、Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn）的空间分布进行了研究，采用Hankanson法和Igeo（地累积指数）分析了该海域重金属潜在生态风险，并评价了该海域的环境质量。在辽东湾葫芦岛附近海域、西南部六股河口东南部海域以及西部近岸海域表层沉积物中As、Cu、Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn含量偏高。地累积指数法及生态风险指数法对重金属污染程度评价结果一致，辽东湾生态环境具有潜在危害的重金属主要是Cd、Hg和As，8种重金属潜在生态风险系数由高到低依次为Cd、Hg、Cu、Pb、As、Zn、Ni和Cr，各站位重金属综合潜在生态风险指数均大于150，生态风险总体上处于中等生态风险等级。Cd和Hg是该海域沉积物重金属中主要污染物，局部区域达到中、中-强污染程度。环境质量评价表明，辽东湾表层沉积物重金属引发有害生物效应的可能性不大，但Cd和Hg显著富集，应予以重视。 相似文献
7.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2010,(Z1)
于2007年秋季对我国北黄海海域进行调查,采用原子吸收和原子荧光分光光度法对表层沉积物中的Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Hg,As进行了分析,并采用单因子指数法和Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法评价了该区域表层沉积物中重金属的污染程度和潜在生态危害。结果表明,北黄海表层沉积物Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Hg,As平均含量分别为(11.6±1.9),(25.2±2.4),(52.7±5.4),(0.22±0.02),(0.07±0.01),(13.3±1.3)μg/g;单因子指数法评价结果表明调查海域表层沉积物未受Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Hg污染,但部分站位As已处于中度污染水平;潜在生态危害指数法评价结果表明调查区域重金属元素的潜在危害程度顺序是HgCdAsPbCuZn,采样区域重金属的潜在生态危害轻微。 相似文献
8.
同安湾表层沉积物重金属污染特征及潜在生态风险评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对厦门同安湾表层沉积物7种重金属（Hg、Cd、Pb、As、Cu、Zn和Cr）、有机碳和硫化物含量进行了相关性分析和因子分析,并应用沉积物质量评价标准及潜在生态危害指数法对重金属的潜在生态风险进行了评价.结果表明：Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As含量范围和均值分别为6.49～46.20,16.95;6.68～46.90,23.93;45.4～162.0,87.4;0.028 9～0.402 0,0.147 6;8.50～33.20,15.95;0.013～0.117,0.047和1.5～6.8,4.8mg/kg.除As之外,各重金属含量之间有显著的相关性（相关系数为0.666～0.970）,且与有机碳含量的相关系数较高（相关系数为0.674～0.980）.重金属元素及有机碳与硫化物含量的相关系数较低.潜在生态风险评价显示：该海区沉积物中重金属生物毒性效应频繁发生的几率相对较小,生态危害程度也较低,尚属轻微生态危害.7种重金属潜在生物毒性风险大小依次为：Hg〉Cd〉Pb〉As〉Cu〉Zn〉Cr. 相似文献
9.
苏北灌河口潮间带表层沉积物重金属空间分布特征及其环境效应 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
灌河是苏北地区最大、航运条件最好的入海河流。重金属元素分析显示,灌河口表层沉积物中Hg、As和Cu的含量高于背景值;Pb和Zn的含量接近背景值;Cd的含量低于背景值。其中Hg元素出现了中等程度的生态危害性,而Cr、As、Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd等元素的生态危害系数均极低,整个灌河口潮滩地区并没有出现较为严重的重金属生态危害。 相似文献
10.
对渤海典型海湾近年来沉积物重金属数据分析的结果表明,Hg,Cu,Cd质量浓度的平均值均超过中国海域的平均值,其中Hg和Cd超标,高值区主要分布在锦州湾、大连湾附近海域,南堡镇和曹妃甸以南海域以及东营、莱州沿岸海域。地累积指数法的评价结果显示,沉积物重金属Cd污染属于轻度污染,其余重金属未发生污染。渤海典型海湾生态危害风险最大的重金属元素为Cd,Hg次之,其余Pb,Cu,As,Cr,Zn这5种重金属均为低生态危害等级。辽东湾海域重金属生态危害风险的顺序为CdHgPbAsCuZnCr;渤海湾海域重金属生态危害风险的顺序为CdHgPbCuAsCrZn;莱州湾重金属生态危害风险的顺序为CdHgPbAsCuCrZn。目前辽东湾沉积物重金属总潜在生态危害程度相对严重,主要分布在长兴岛、秦皇岛至锦州湾沿岸;莱州湾重金属生态危害程度一般,潍坊沿岸部分地区总潜在生态危害程度相对较高;渤海湾重金属污染生态危害程度相对较轻。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
14.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
15.
The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
16.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
17.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(11):161-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献