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《国际地震动态》2016,(3)
钢筋混凝土水池在供水系统中承担着净水、储水的重要功能,是典型的储液结构。裂缝的出现会加速钢筋锈蚀、降低结构耐久性,且结构设计中裂缝宽度限值很大程度上决定了配筋量。水池在地震作用下易出现裂缝,裂缝可能导致储液渗漏,造成水池服务功能下降甚至丧失,并在一定程度上影响整个系统的功能。震后储液结构的裂缝开展情况及由此导致储液渗漏程度是评判水池地震破坏等级的主要标准。目前,已有研究成果表明,混凝土裂缝在与水接触条件下会发生自愈使原有裂缝宽度减小,水池由于储水为裂缝的自愈提供了必要条件。因此,应考虑承载力、耐久性、服务功能、经济性、裂缝自愈性能及震后维修加固可行性等因素综合确定水池结构设计和地震破坏等级划分标准中的裂缝限值。储液结构在地震作用下存在液固耦合效应且液体会发生晃动,储液的存在改变了结构的动力特性和地震响应。水池结构除受到结构本身惯性力和静水压力外,其底部和侧壁还承受液体在垂直壁面方向上产生的动水压力。水池在抗震设计中需考虑液面晃动和动水压力的影响。现阶段,对钢筋混凝土水池裂缝自愈性能、渗漏特性及水池在地震作用下的液固耦合动力特性和地震响应的研究尚不完善。本文通过钢筋混凝土水池壁板弯曲裂缝和贯通裂缝自愈、渗漏试验研究混凝土裂缝的自愈性能及渗漏特性,采用大型有限元软件ADINA进行圆形水池地震响应分析,研究液固耦合系统的动力特性、储液晃动、动水压力及破坏特征等。论文主要完成了如下工作:(1)设计并完成了钢筋混凝土水池壁板弯曲裂缝和贯通裂缝的自愈及渗漏试验。进行了材料性能试验;对静水环境中弯曲微裂缝、流动水环境中贯通裂缝的自愈性能进行了测试,给出了弯曲微裂缝在静水环境中短期内的自愈合宽度,证实了贯通裂缝在流动水环境中仍会发生自愈合;在裂缝上施加实际水头作用测试了弯曲裂缝和贯通裂缝的渗漏特性,研究了弯曲裂缝宽度、受压区高度及作用水头对液体渗漏的影响,分析了贯通裂缝水的渗漏率与累计时间和水头高度之间的关系。通过试验得到裂缝特性与自愈及渗漏之间的关系,为水池结构设计和地震破坏等级划分提供参考。(2)对地面式圆形水池进行了液固耦合动力特性分析,液固耦合系统包括刚体模态、储液晃动模态和液固耦联振动模态3种形式。研究了储水高度、水池半径、液体表面重力波对液固耦合系统动力特性的影响。此外,对比了圆形水池储液晃动频率的理论和有限元计算结果,验证了模型的可靠性,且推导得到圆形水池储液晃动基本周期计算公式。(3)分析了单向水平地震作用下不同水池半径、不同储水高度圆形水池的液面最大晃动波高,拟合得到了圆形水池单向地震作用下的液面最大晃动波高计算公式。公式可用于储液结构地震作用下的最大晃动波高估计和储液结构最大晃动波高设计。结合储液结构长周期抗震设计反应谱和阻尼比修正系数,提出了储水水池液面最大晃动波高计算方法。(4)研究了单向水平地震作用下,不同水池半径、不同储水高度圆形水池池壁、底板环向和径向位置的动水压力数值及分布情况,并与理论计算结果进行了对比;分析了地震动峰值加速度、储水高度、水池半径对动水压力的影响;确定了对流压力与脉冲压力的叠加方法;拟合得到对流压力、脉冲压力及动水压力计算公式;结合底板环向动水压力分布,综合给出单向水平地震作用下圆形水池动水压力标准值,与较复杂的理论计算方法和仅考虑脉冲压力的规范法相比,计算更简便且与实际相符。此外,还分析了液面和池底动水压力的时程变化。(5)进行了双向水平地震动作用下圆形水池的地震响应分析,提取了液面最大晃动波高和动水压力计算结果;基于单向水平地震动作用下的响应结果,通过合理的组合方式给出了双向水平地震动作用下的液面最大晃动波高和动水压力计算公式,建立了双向水平地震作用下储水水池液面最大晃动波高和动水压力计算方法;并对双向水平地震作用下圆形水池地震破坏特征和易损性进行了分析。 相似文献
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土与结构相互作用对储罐地震响应的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究土与结构相互作用对储罐地震响应的影响,基于Haroun-Housner模型,将地基土考虑为平动和转动的弹簧阻尼体系,将储罐结构体系简化为三质点四自由度力学模型,来研究储罐的地震响应受地基土弹性的影响。分析结果表明:与刚性基础相比,考虑土与结构的相互作用时储罐的基底剪力、倾覆力矩和晃动波高均有放大效应,且与储液高度与半径比相关,为获得理想的地震响应储液高度与半径比存在优化取值区间。 相似文献
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本文分两部分:1.联合应用有限元和边界积分法对带顶盖的圆柱形储液罐进行自振分析,并用反应谱方法求地震反应。研究了顶盖、静水压力等因素对各阶环向振型频率的影响和罐体自身质量、液面以上罐体刚度对包含有cosθ的振型的频率和地震内力的影响,建议了一个计算拱顶罐动力反应的简化模型。2.在此基础上,用有限元-级数展开法对水平地震作用下的储液罐的稳定性作了探讨,讨论了环向内力和平错内力对储液罐稳定性的影响以及液面附近罐壁失稳的现象,对目前规范中有关储液罐稳定验算方法作了评价。两部分的计算结果与试验结果作了比较。 相似文献
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为了研究15×104m3立式储罐隔震设计影响因素,采用有限元数值仿真技术,分析了隔震刚度、浮顶质量、储液密度、罐壁厚度、罐壁的材料弹性模量、储液高度与罐半径比值对储罐的晃动频率和液固耦合频率的影响并与时程分析对照。结果表明:储罐液固耦合振动频率对隔震刚度敏感,隔震刚度较低时,液固耦合刚度的下降,使基底剪力变小;隔震刚度对储罐的液体晃动频率的影响不大,在一定的隔震周期范围内,波高无放大效应;隔震设计时,浮顶的影响可忽略;储液高度与储罐半径比对储罐的液固耦合频率和晃动频率影响较大,隔震设计时存在优化段;储液密度、罐壁厚度、材料弹性模量,隔震设计时可不考虑其影响,进行地震动台实验时,可考虑用其他材料代替钢材,不影响分析结果。 相似文献
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流体饱和半空间二维地形三分量弹性波散射间接边界元模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
无限长局部地形地震波斜入射响应问题称为二维三分量问题,在计算量远小于三维的情况下,一定程度上反映了近地表场地的三维动力响应特征.基于天然土体的成层性及固液两相耦合特性,以层状多孔介质内部移动线荷载(孔隙水压)动力格林函数作为基本解,开展流体饱和半空间二维地形三分量弹性波散射的2.5维间接边界元模拟研究.总场响应由自由波场和散射波场叠加构成,前者可由直接刚度法求得,后者则通过施加移动虚拟均布荷载和移动虚拟孔隙水压所产生的动力响应来模拟.该方法优势在于离散仅限于地形底边界(无须离散自由地表),格林函数计算不存在奇异性(荷载可直接加在边界上),容易控制计算精度,对复杂边界条件具有很强的适应性.在退化验证和精度比较的基础上,以梯形凹陷和半椭圆沉积地形为例,模拟了时域和频域的流体饱和半空间三维弹性波散射响应.研究表明:局部地形的地震动响应依赖于入射频率、入射角度、边界透水条件、土层刚度和土层厚度等,入射波、反射波和散射波相互干涉,极大延长了位移的振动持续时间. 相似文献
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隔震立式储罐地震反应谱分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
基于反应谱理论,研究了的基底隔震储罐的地震响应问题.将储罐简化为三质点体系力学模型,罐内连续液体质量等效为对流质量、脉冲质量和刚性质量,并引入隔震刚度.与时程分析对比,验证反应谱法的适用性,分析隔震立式储罐的地震响应并研究主要参数对隔震储液罐地震响应的影响,主要考虑的参数有:(1)场地类别;(2)隔震周期;(3)高径比.结果表明:反应谱法计算隔震立式储罐地震响应是偏于安全的;随着场地类别和隔震周期的增大,基底剪力减震率逐渐降低,晃动波高变化不明显,隔震后,液动压力呈线性变化,液动压力随着场地类别和高径比的增大而增大,随着隔震周期的增大而减小;高径比存在一定的优化段,在优化段内,基底剪力减震率较大,隔震效果较好. 相似文献
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经典弹性波理论往往在套管与水泥环之间增加一层流体环来模拟套管与水泥环之间胶结差时的测井响应,但流体环的存在,使得套管与水泥环之间缺失了剪切耦合,即使几个微米的厚度,套管波幅度也会明显增大,接近甚至超过自由套管时的30%.因此经典弹性波理论常常无法解释现场测量数据中套管波幅度的渐变现象.实际套管井中胶结界面粗糙或不规则起伏使套管与水泥环界面两侧介质有所接触,往往存在剪切耦合,用剪切刚度和法向刚度表达的滑移界面理论应用到套管与水泥环或水泥环与地层界面的胶结响应,可模拟界面从完全胶结到完全不胶结的过渡状态.通过将滑移界面理论模拟的波结构与在套管与水泥环之间加一层软固体层时的经典弹性波理论模拟的波结构对比,验证了滑移界面理论在模拟水泥胶结时的适用性.滑移界面理论与经典弹性波理论结合分析了水泥不同胶结状态下井孔内外声场的辐射特征,随着界面水泥胶结质量的下降井内接收的套管波以及套管波泄漏到地层中的纵横波幅度逐渐增强,透过井壁辐射到地层中的纵波和横波逐渐降低.将滑移界面理论应用到套管井水泥胶结状况的模拟,弥补了经典弹性波理论在模拟水泥胶结测井响应时的局限性,也为定量刻画水泥环界面的耦合刚度提供了可能... 相似文献
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A hybrid analytical and FEM is proposed to investigate the nonlinear sloshing in a floating‐roofed oil storage tank under long‐period seismic ground motion. The tank is composed of a rigid cylindrical wall and a flat bottom, whereas the floating roof is treated as an elastic plate undergoing large deflection. The contained liquid is assumed to be inviscid and incompressible, and the flow is assumed to be irrotational. The method of analysis is based on representation of the liquid motion by superposing the analytical modes that satisfy the Laplace equation and the rigid wall and bottom boundary conditions. The FEM is then applied to solve the remaining kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions at the moving liquid surface coupled with the nonlinear equation of motion of the floating roof. This requires only the discretization of the liquid surface and the floating roof into finite elements, thus leading to a computationally efficient and accurate method compared with full numerical analysis. As numerical examples to illustrate the applicability of the proposed method, two oil storage tanks with single‐deck type floating roofs damaged during the 2003 Tokachioki earthquake are studied. It is shown that the nonlinear oscillation modes with the circumferential wave numbers 0, 2 and 3 caused by the finite liquid surface elevation as well as the membrane action due to large deflection of the deck produce excessively large stresses in the pontoon, which may cause the catastrophic failure of pontoon followed by the submergence of the roof. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The paper presents a dynamic response analysis of vertically excited liquid storage tanks including both liquid-tank and liquid-soil interaction. The system considered is a thin-walled, elastic cylindrical shell entirely filled with an incompressible and inviscid fluid, resting on a flexible foundation over an elastic halfspace with frequency dependent stiffness and damping parameters. The problem is treated analytically by the generalized-coordinate approach and then solved numerically using the complex frequency response analysis. For one special tank, natural frequencies and equivalent damping ratios are evaluated and compared with those corresponding to a rigid ground. The maximum dynamic pressure is calculated using the response spectra of the 1976 Friuli earthquake. A parameter study is carried out to show the great influence of variable soil stiffness upon the damping ratio of the shell-liquid-soil system. 相似文献
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An efficient discrete model for predicting the dynamic through-the-soil interaction between adjacent rigid, surface foundations supported by a homogeneous, isotropic and linear elastic half-space is presented. The model utilizes frequency-independent springs and dashpots, and the foundation mass, for the consideration of soil–foundation interaction. The through-the-soil coupling of the foundations is attained by frequency-independent stiffness and damping functions, developed in this work, that interconnect the degrees of freedom of the entire system of foundations. The dynamic analysis of the resulting coupled system is performed in the time domain and includes the time lagging effects of coupled dynamic input due to wave propagation using an appropriate modification of the Wilson-θ method. The basic foundation interaction model is also extended to the evaluation of coupled building-foundation systems. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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考虑SSI效应储油罐的子结构实验方法与数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提出了应用振动台子结构试验方法来研究考虑土-结构相互作用（SSI）效应储罐的抗震性能,该方法将土体简化为双自由度八参量集总参数模型进行模拟,储罐作为试验子结构应用振动台加载,两部分联机完成振动台子结构试验。该方法能完成大比例尺储罐试验,具有传统试验方法难以比拟的优势。然后,通过数值模拟分析了SSI效应对储罐动力响应的影响。分别研究了不同储液高度和不同地基刚度对储罐位移和加速度响应的影响。研究结果表明：考虑SSI效应时,罐体位移响应和加速度响应均有所减小,土质越软,效果越明显;随着储液高度的增高,位移、加速度反应呈现减小趋势。 相似文献
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A first-order formulation to analyze the dynamic response of layered soil profiles is presented as an alternative to the widely used second-order thin-layer method by the direct stiffness approach, including an efficient simulation of the underlaying elastic half-space. In contrast to the thin-layer method where response is expressed through a combination of second-order propagation modes, the proposed procedure uses first-order modal parameters that have the capacity to provide a good approximation in the complete wave number domain k, including the exact stiffness values for k=0 and k→∞, thus justifying its designation of doubly-asymptotic. This feature allows obtaining the exact soil profile response for static loads, while the proposed treatment of the elastic half-space reproduces naturally the radiation condition without a need of artificial damping. The capacity of the proposed formulation to solve elastodynamic problems is assessed by comparing its results with those of exact solutions available in the literature, and numerical solutions of rigid disks supported on the surface of different soil profiles. 相似文献
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A modified truncated cone model is used to calculate approximately the dynamic response of a disk on the surface of a soil layer resting on flexible rock. The procedure is analogous to that for a layer on rigid rock, the only modification being that the reflection coefficient —α at the layer–rock interface is no longer equal to ?1. The modified value of α can be determined straightforwardly by considering one-dimensional wave propagation along the cone. The low- and high-frequency limits lead to a frequency-independent α, which allows the dynamic analysis to be performed directly in the familiar time domain. This cone represents a wave pattern with amplitude decay and also incorporates the reflection at the free surface and the reflection-refraction at the layer–rock interface. The results for the static stiffness of the disk are highly accurate for a wide range of geometrical and material properties of the layer and the rock. For the dynamic stiffness the agreement with the exact solution is satisfactory. 相似文献
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In this paper, an analytical method is proposed to determine the dynamic response of 3‐D rectangular liquid storage tanks with four flexible walls, subjected to horizontal seismic ground motion. Fluid–structure interaction effects on the dynamic responses of partially filled fluid containers, incorporating wall flexibility, are accounted for in evaluating impulsive pressure. The velocity potential in which boundary conditions are satisfied is solved by the method of separation of variables using the principle of superposition. The impulsive pressure distribution is then computed. Solutions based on 3‐D modeling of the rectangular containers are obtained by applying the Rayleigh–Ritz method using the vibration modes of flexible plates with suitable boundary conditions. Trigonometrical functions that satisfy boundary conditions of the storage tank such that the flexibility of the wall is thoroughly considered are used to define the admissible vibration modes. The analysis is then performed in the time domain. Moreover, an analytical procedure is developed for deriving a simple formula that evaluates convective pressure and surface displacements in a similar rigid tank. The variation of dynamic response characteristics with respect to different tank parameters is investigated. A mechanical model, which takes into account the deformability of the tank wall, is developed. The parameters of such a model can be obtained from developed charts, and the maximum seismic loading can be predicted by means of a response spectrum characterizing the design earthquake. Accordingly, a simplified but sufficiently accurate design procedure is developed to improve code formulas for the seismic design of liquid storage tanks. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Gin-Show Liou 《地震工程与结构动力学》1994,23(2):193-210
A systematic procedure is presented for generating dynamic stiffness matrices for two independent circular foundations on an elastic half-space medium. With the technique reported in References 1–3, the analytic solution of three-dimensional (3D) wave equations satisfying the prescribed traction due to the vibration of one circular foundation can be found. Since there are two analytic solutions for two prescribed tractions due to the vibrations of two circular foundations, the principle of superposition must be used to obtain the total solution. The interaction stresses (prescribed tractions) are assumed to be piecewise linear in the r-directions of both cylindrical co-ordinates for the two circular foundations. Then, the variational principle and the reciprocal theorem are employed to generate the dynamic stiffness matrices for the two foundations. In the process of employing the variational principle, a co-ordinate transformation matrix between two cylindrical co-ordinate systems is introduced. Some numerical results of dynamic stiffness matrices for the interaction of two identical rigid circular foundations are presented in order to show the effectiveness and efficiency of the present method, and some elaborations for its future extensions are also discussed. 相似文献