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1.
长江下游青弋江、水阳江水系湖泊沉积物中重金属变化特征研究 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
2004～2008年在青弋江、水阳江流域石臼、固城、南漪三湖采集得到岩芯钻孔.运用核素210Pb和137Cs对获得沉积物进行定年,同时分析了岩芯沉积物金属元素,研究近代湖泊重金属演化历史以及人类活动的影响,并对重金属进行了评价.文章运用Al元素作为粒度的代用指标对重金属进行标准化,并获取了重金属富集系数.研究表明,石臼、固城、南漪三湖钻孔中Cu和Zn的富集系数高于Pb,但Pb,Zn,Cu和Cr富集系数都不超过2,并且Cr的富集系数较小.自20世纪80年代中期以来流域内人类活动对石臼湖湖泊沉积物造成了显著的重金属污染,在南漪湖则推迟了10年左右,而在固城湖其重金属污染相对不明显.根据沉积物质量基准进行评价,发现石臼、固城、南漪三湖虽然存在一定的Cu,Pb,Zn和Cr污染,但污染造成的生态效应还不明显. 相似文献
2.
基于2007年在广西海岸带采集的6根短柱状样（64~97 cm）,在210Pb 年代框架构建的基础上对沉积物中的生源要素（C、N、P）、常量元素以及重金属（Hg、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr和As）等指标进行了综合分析,并依此重建了广西海岸带近百年来人类活动影响下沉积环境的演变历程。研究发现,近二十年来重金属和总磷的表层富集和埋藏通量有明显的上升趋势,但整体污染程度依然较轻;总氮的年埋藏通量虽保持相对稳定,但总体高于引起最低级别生态风险效应的下限;而有机质年埋藏通量的逐年减少应与潮间带红树林生态系统的衰退有关。据此可将近百年来广西海岸带的环境演变大致分为两个阶段:即20世纪80年代初以前、80年代初至现在,分别经历了未污染期和轻度污染期。 相似文献
3.
太湖沉积物中重金属的测定及环境意义 总被引：38，自引：2，他引：38
通过对太湖地区水域湖泊沉积物中重金属含量的抽样测试，描述了太湖水域重金属（Ag、As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn等）元素的污染状及其分布，结果表明：太湖沉积物中重金属含量北部明显高于东部，来自太湖北岸城镇和工业区的未处理工业及生活污水，对太湖北部水域造成的重金属污染程度远高于以养殖业为主的东太湖及湖心水域。 相似文献
4.
太湖MS岩芯重金属元素地球化学形态研究 总被引：21，自引：4，他引：17
采用BCR三步提取法对太湖MS岩芯沉积物中Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn等6种重金属元素的化学形态进行了研究.结果表明,有效结合态的Cu、Ni和Pb主要以有机物及硫化物结合态、Fe-Mn氧化物结合态存在,Fe和Zn主要以Fe-Mn氧化物结合态存在,Mn主要以可交换态及碳酸盐结合态存在;Fe-Mn氧化物结合态的Ni、Pb和Zn与可还原态的Mn有较好的正相关关系,有机物及硫化物结合态的Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn与有机碳含量有较好的正相关关系;重金属形态分布体现了重金属元素地球化学性质的差异,以及重金属形态含量与沉积物理化性质的关系.沉积岩芯重金属元素形态垂向变化规律及次生相富集系数表明,Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn在沉积岩芯13～4 cm有效结合态含量较稳定,为自然沉积;4～0 cm有效结合态含量明显升高,存在一定程度的人为污染.根据137Cs测年结果判断,沉积岩芯Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn等重金属污染开始于20世纪70年代末期,主要污染元素及污染历史与太湖流域污染工业类型及经济发展阶段相吻合. 相似文献
5.
湘江是我国重金属污染最严重的河流之一。本次工作利用X射线荧光(XRF)和电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)分析技术,对湘江竹埠港沉积物进行主量和微量元素分析。结果表明沉积物主量元素含量变化相对稳定,富集Mn O、P2O5、Fe2O3、Al2O3,亏损Ca O、Na2O。微量元素含量变化较大,亏损Ba、Sc、Mn、Sr而富集其他微量元素。对主量元素和稀土元素进行了分析,表明沉积物物源主要是由上游花岗岩风化所提供。对沉积物进行因子分析和相关性分析,表明沉积物源主要以陆源碎屑为主,并有磷灰石和软锰矿等自生副矿物,Ni、Pb、Cu可能来自人为污染源。地累积指数表明Ba为清洁无污染,重金属V、Cr、Co、Ni、Th、U为轻度污染,重金属Cu、Pb、Zn为偏中度污染,Mn为中度污染,Sc为偏重度污染。其中重金属Cr、Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn、Sc污染应引起关注。 相似文献
6.
内江市双桥乡土壤重金属含量及风险评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以四川省内江市双桥乡为研究区域,调查分析各类土壤中重金属（Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As、Hg、Ni）含量情况。采用单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数和富集因子评价方法,对土壤重金属污染状况进行评价。研究结果表明,该地区Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn元素平均含量高于成都经济区、四川省、中国土壤背景值,有一定程度的Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn富集,Hg元素有个别样点含量偏高,并且单因子重金属的污染程度依次为：Cd〉Ni〉Zn〉Cu〉Cr〉Pb〉As〉Hg,Cd在绝大部份区域存在轻微污染,由内梅罗污染指数和富集因子评价得出区域综合污染程度为轻度。 相似文献
7.
为探讨渤海西部在多重环境因素变化下沉积物中重金属的环境地球化学行为,分析了渤海西部44个站位表层沉积物样品中8种重金属元素含量,研究了重金属元素的分布特征、环境影响因素及其生态风险。结果表明,渤海西部表层沉积物中As、Cu、Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn的平均含量分别为117 mg/kg、255 mg/kg、014 mg/kg、689 mg/kg、0037 mg/kg、303 mg/kg、223 mg/kg、757 mg/kg;Cu、Cr、Ni、Zn含量与有机碳含量、小于63 μm细粒沉积物呈显著正相关,其在表层沉积物中的分布明显受到有机质含量和沉积物粒径的控制,而As、Hg分布没有明显受到有机质含量的影响。富集系数显示,Cr、Ni、Pb和Zn为无富集,Cu、As为轻度富集,Cd和Hg为中度富集。与多种背景值和一致性沉积物质量基准相比较,渤海西部表层沉积物Pb、Cd的含量超出背景值,而Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、As、Hg含量也存在一定的异常,但其含量水平引发有害生物效应的可能性不大,尽管重金属元素含量偏高,但生态风险较小。 相似文献
8.
天津市潮间带柱状沉积物中重金属的污染历史及来源判别 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用因子分析和元素含量特征分析两种方法,对天津市潮间带的4个无扰动沉积物柱样的46个样品进行了重金属分析,并探讨了重金属的来源方式和富集原因。研究结果表明,天津市潮间带的重金属可分为3类:1)Fe、Cr、Al及Mn元素主要受环境背景值的影响,2)Hg和Cd受人为活动的影响较大,3)As、Zn、Pb、Cu及Ni受环境背景值及人类活动的双重影响,且影响大小随所在位置的不同而变化。结合210Pb和137Cs测年结果,定量确定了天津市潮间带小于0.063 mm粒级沉积物中Ni等11种重金属元素的环境背景值,并以此为基础,进一步探讨了重金属富集年代、富集量及污染历史和人类活动的关系,发现多数重金属的污染始于1910年代,并在1954年之后富集量增加。 相似文献
9.
《地球化学》2017,(4)
本次工作利用等离子质谱仪(ICP-MS)对湘江长沙-湘潭-株洲河段河床沉积物重金属含量和铅同位素组成进行了系统的分析。结果表明,河床沉积物富集V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Th、U、Cu、Pb、Zn等多种重金属,其中Cu、Zn、Pb等重金属于株洲段沉积物中达高度至极度富集。沉积物重金属的富集特征暗示沉积物存在较严重的重金属污染。沉积物铅同位素组成以相对富Th铅为特征,具明显的人为源和自然源铅,其~(206)Pb/~(207)Pb值在1.1723至1.1855之间,~(206)Pb/~(208)Pb值在0.4760至0.4786之间。其中自然源铅主要为花岗岩铅,而人为源铅则为铅锌矿矿石铅和燃煤铅构成,即沉积物铅同位素组成为花岗岩铅、铅锌矿矿石铅、燃煤铅组成的三元混合铅。铅同位素比例估算显示,长沙、湘潭段沉积物铅锌矿矿石源铅比例平均依次为23%、32%,燃煤源铅比例平均依次为47%、23%,自然源铅比例平均依次为30%、45%;株洲段沉积物的自然源铅比例较低,平均为17%,而矿石铅和燃煤铅的比例较高,平均依次为34%和49%。V、Mn、Co、Cu、Zn、U等其他重金属与Pb一样,长沙、湘潭段沉积物人为源比例小于67%,株洲段沉积物人为源比例达70%。因此,湘江长潭株段河床沉积物重金属污染问题值得引起高度重视。 相似文献
10.
对北太平洋28个相对富集铁锰结核的沉积物和间隙水中重金属元素(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Co、Ni)地球化学研究表明:沉积物中重金属元素明显的比陆地土壤、河口、陆架及贫结核洋区的沉积物富集,并与沉积物类型密切有关;沉积物中元素的赋存状态不同,进入间隙水的途径不同;由于Cu、Co的生物作用大于Zn、Ni,使沉积物中 Cu/Zn、Co/Ni比值由钙质软泥—钙、硅软泥—硅质软泥—褐色粘土升高。 相似文献
11.
Sequential core sediments from northwestern Taihu Lake in China were analyzed for grain size, organic carbon and heavy metal content. The sediments are composed of organic-poor clayey-fine silts. The chemical speciations of Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were also analyzed using the BCR sequential extraction procedure. Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn are mainly associated with the residue fraction; Mn is concentrated mainly in exchangeable/carbonate fraction and residue fraction; and Pb mainly in Fe/Mn oxide fraction and organic/sulfide fraction. The exchangeable/carbonate fractions of Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn and Pb are lower. The fractions of Ni, Pb and Zn bound to the Fe/Mn oxide have significant correlations with reducible Mn; the organic/sulfide fractions of Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn have significant correlations with TOC. The extractable fractions of Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn are high at the top 4 cm of the core sediments as compared to those in the deeper layers, showing the anthropogenic input of heavy metals is due to rapid industrial development. The heavy metal pollution history of the sediments has been recorded since the late 1970s, determined by the result of ^137Cs dating. 相似文献
12.
Concentration distribution and assessment of several heavy metals in sediments of west-four Pearl River Estuary 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Shanshan Wang Zhimin Cao Dongzhao Lan Zhichang Zheng Guihai Li 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(5):963-975
Grain size parameters, trace metals (Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cr, Zn, Ba, Zr and Sr) and total organic matter (TOM) of 38 surficial
sediments and a sediment core of west-four Pearl River Estuary region were analyzed. The spacial distribution and the transportation
procession of the chemical element in surficial sediments were studied mainly. Multivariate statistics are used to analyses
the interrelationship of metal elements, TOM and the grain size parameters. The results demonstrated that terrigenous sediment
taken by the rivers are main sources of the trace metal elements and TOM, and the lithology of parent material is a dominating
factor controlling the trace metal composition in the surficial sediment. In addition, the hydrodynamic condition and landform
are the dominating factors controlling the large-scale distribution, while the anthropogenic input in the coastal area alters
the regional distribution of heavy metal elements Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cr and Zn. The enrichment factor (EF) analysis was used
for the differentiation of the metal source between anthropogenic and naturally occurring, and for the assessment of the anthropogenic
influence, the deeper layer content of heavy metals were calculated as the background values and Zr was chosen as the reference
element for Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cr and Zn. The result indicate prevalent enrichment of Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Cr, and the contamination
of Pb is most obvious, further more, the peculiar high EF value sites of Zn and Pb probably suggest point source input. 相似文献
13.
Upcoming International Events 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Yanhong Wu Xinhua Hou Xiaoying Cheng Shuchun Yao Weilan Xia Sumin Wang 《Environmental Geology》2007,51(8):1467-1474
Metals in lacustrine sediment have both anthropogenic and natural sources. Because of intensified human activities, the anthropogenic
input of metal elements has exceeded the natural variability. How to distinguish the anthropogenic sources in lake sediments
is one of the tasks in environmental management. The authors present a case study, which combined the geochemical and statistical
methods to distinguish the anthropogenic sources from the natural background. A 56 cm core (core DJ-5) was collected from
Dongjiu Lake, Taihu Lake catchment, China. The concentration distributions of Al, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg,
Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti, V and Zn in core DJ-5 indicated that Dongjiu Lake had serious Cd pollution, and the concentrations
of Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn and Zn had also exceeded the Chinese State Standards of Soil Environmental Quality in the upper layer of
the core. Using Al as a reference element, the other metals were normalized and compared with their baselines to calculate
the enrichment factors (EFs). The principal component analysis (PCA) of metal concentrations was performed using ViSta6.4.
The results of EFs and PCA indicated that the concentration variations of Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn and Zn were mainly caused by the
anthropogenic sources, and the concentration variations of Cr and Ni were influenced by both the anthropogenic and natural
factors, while the other metals were mainly derived from the natural sources. Intensified human activities within the lake
catchment area resulted in the increase of heavy metal inputs directly and the acceleration of erosion which caused other
metal elements to deposit in the aquatic environment. The results of this work will be useful in probing changes forced by
humans in the lake environment and in adjusting human activity in restoring the lake environment.
相似文献
| Yanhong WuEmail: |
14.
The shelf area is the largest morphological unit of the Marmara Sea and is subjected to increasing population, urbanization, and industrial activities. Metal contents (Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr, Co and Hg) of the surface sediments from the shelf areas of the Marmara Sea generally do not indicate shelf-wide pollution. The variability of the metal contents of the shelf sediments is mainly governed by the geochemical differences in the northern and southern hinterlands. Northern shelf sediments contain lower values compared to those of the southern shelf, where higher Ni, Cr, Pb, Cu and Zn are derived from the rock formations and mineralized zones. However, besides from the natural high background in the southern shelf, some anthropogenic influences are evident from EF values of Pb, Zn and Cu, and also from their high mobility in the semi-isolated bay sediments. Anthropogenic influences are found to be limited at the confluence of Istanbul Strait in the northern shelf. However, suspended sediments along the shallow parts of the northern shelf were found to be enriched in Pb and Hg and to a lesser degree in Zn, reflecting anthropogenic inputs from Istanbul Metropolitan and possibly from the Black Sea via the Istanbul Strait. 相似文献
15.
近50年来抚仙湖重金属污染的沉积记录* 总被引：15，自引：8，他引：15
文章以抚仙湖污染严重的北部和基本未受人类活动影响的中部为研究对象,分别采集了沉积岩芯FB和FZ,通过对岩芯的137 Cs测年和重金属元素(Cu,Ni,Ti,Cr,V,Pb,Cd和Zn)的含量分析,研究了湖泊重金属来源和污染历史,并利用地质累积指数法评价了湖泊重金属污染程度。结果表明:抚仙湖北部的平均沉积速率约为2.0~2.8mm/a;20世纪80年代以前,湖泊北部和中部的重金属元素(Cu,Ni,Ti,V,Pb,Cd,Zn)以自然来源为主;80年代以后,抚仙湖受到人类活动的影响,但湖泊中部Cu,Ni,Ti,V,Pb,Zn以及湖泊北部Cu,Ni,Ti,V仍以自然来源为主;湖泊北部Pb和Zn地质累积指数值小于1,属无污染到中度污染;北部Cd地质累积指数为3~4,达强度污染;中部Cd地质累积指数为2~3,属中强度污染;且Pb,Zn和Cd污染程度有加速增大的趋势。 相似文献
16.
Comprehensive evaluation of heavy metal contamination in surface and core sediments of Taihu Lake, the third largest freshwater lake in China 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
Enfeng Liu Gavin F. Birch Ji Shen Hezhong Yuan Enlou Zhang Yanmin Cao 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,67(1):39-51
The spatial and temporal variations of Fe, K, Co, V, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Pb were determined in the sediments of Taihu Lake, the third largest freshwater lake in China and categorized into natural origin (Fe, K, Co, and V) and human contamination (Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Pb) groups by principal component analysis. Most of the metals were positively correlated with the clay content (<4???m) and negatively correlated with the >16???m fraction, indicating the dominant role of grain size in regulating metals concentrations. Geochemical normalization and enrichment factors (EFs) were introduced to reduce the confounding of variable grain size and to quantify anthropogenic contributions. Higher EF values for Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn occurred in the north Zhushan, Meiliang, and Gonghu Bays, indicating a high level of human contamination from the northern cities, such as Wuxi and Changzhou. Higher EF values of Pb were also present in the southwest and east lake areas, denoting the existence of additional anthropogenic sources. Chrome, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Pb showed increasing EF values in the top layers of sediment cores, indicating enhancing contamination since 1970s with rapid economy development in the catchment. These results indicate that geochemical normalization is a necessary and effective method in quantifying heavy metals contamination, and that historic sediment should be used as background values in calculating EFs. Potential risks of the heavy metals were assessed linking the consensus-based sediment quality guidelines and human contamination. Concentrations of Ni and Cr are greater than the threshold effect concentration (TEC) values, even in the sediments before 1970s, due to higher background concentrations in terrestrial parent materials. Concentrations of Ni and Cr are generally lower than the probable effect concentration (PEC) values, and concentrations of Cu and Zn are below the TEC values in the open lake areas. Whereas, concentrations of Ni and Cr are surpassing the PEC values and Cu and Zn are surpassing the TEC values in the north bays due to the high level of human contamination, where they were with EFs over 1.2, denoting higher potential eco-risks. 相似文献
17.
Analysis of ten heavy metals (Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn) in six sediment cores from Wellington Harbour show both anthropogenic enrichments and diagenetic modifications. Absolute concentrations determined by two methods, x-ray fluorescence and acid leaching for bioavailability, are not comparable. However, vertical trends in concentrations of the cored sediment are comparable. To assess levels of anthropogenic pollution, enrichment factors (enriched concentrations in upper core divided by background levels in lower core) are preferred over index of accumulation (I
geo) values because preindustrial or background levels of heavy metals are well constrained. The ten metals are placed into three groups: (1) Cu, Pb, and Zn, which show the most anthropogenic enrichment; (2) As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Sb, which are often associated with anthropogenic pollution but show only minor enrichment; and (3) Fe and Mn, which are diagenetically enriched. Assuming harbor waters are well mixed, anthropogenic enrichments of Cu, Pb, and Zn, are time correlative, but the degree of enrichment depends on the method of analysis and core location. Levels of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn show small variations in preindustrial sediments that are not related to changes in grain size and probably result from changes in the oxidation-reduction potential of the sediments and salinity of the pore waters. 相似文献
18.
Study on effective species of heavy metals in lacustrine sediment core from Xijiu Lake,Taihu Lake catchment,China 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Zhaobin Sun Yanhong Wu Shuchun Yao Enfeng Liu Fuchun Li 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2009,59(2):371-377
The BCR sequential extraction procedure is applied to probe into the speciation distribution of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Zn,
Cu and Pb) in lake sediments of Core XJ2 in Xijiu Lake, Taihu Lake catchment, China. The results showed that the effective
species concentration of this five heavy metal elements increased obviously during the past century, the proportions of organic/sulphide
fractions of Zn, Cu and Pb decreased while the Fe–Mn oxide fractions increased, and the proportion of Fe–Mn oxide fractions
of Cd decreased while the exchangeable and carbonate fractions increased. The concentrations of exchangeable and carbonate
fractions of these five elements were increased in the past century, especially the proportions of these fractions of Cd,
Zn, Cu and Pb increased prominently. These changes could be attributed to the anthropogenic pollution. Since the changes of
the heavy metal concentrations were corresponding to the history of human activities, especially the industry development,
within the catchment. 相似文献
19.
P. Krishnakumar C. Lakshumanan M. P. Jonathan M. Sundararajan M. Navarrete-Lopez 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(7):2655-2665
The concentration of trace metals like Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were studied in beach and estuarine sediments of the Velanganni Coast, South East coast of India to understand metal pollution due to urbanization/industrialization. This area was affected by the urbanization activity like untreated effluent discharge, transportation and incineration of solid waste, etc. In this context, quality of the sediments was evaluated based on the enrichment factor, geo-accumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index, and sediment quality guidelines. Furthermore, correlation matrix and principal compound analyses have been performed with SPSS 7.5 statistical software. The result illustrated that the metal enrichment is in the following order: Cd > Cr > Ni > Zn > Pb > Mn > Cu. The level of Igeo suggests that Cd has moderately polluted the sediment class. Similarly, principal component analysis showed that Cd and Pb accounted for the anthropogenic pollution, but Pb inferred as its tracers level. The results strongly indicate anthropogenic sources for moderate input of Cd contamination in to Velanganni coastal sediments. 相似文献