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1.
Summary Using a simple model, the motion of the Earth's axis of rotation due to local, axially asymmetric irregularities in the distribution of masses at the Earth's core-mantle boundary, is investigated. Under the assumption of linear displacement of the pole of inertia with time, expressions have been derived for the motion of the pole of the axis of rotation. A numerical estimate of the extent of this motion is made for the characteristic dimensions of the irregularities. 相似文献
2.
Burša Milan Kouba Jan Raděj Karel True Scott A. Vatrt Viliam Vojtíšková Marie 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1999,43(1):7-19
Temporal variations in the nine elements of the Earth's inertia ellipsoid due to sea surface topography dynamics were derived from TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data 1993 - 1996. The variations amount to about 10 mm in the position of the center of the Earth's inertia ellipsoid (E
i
), 0.15' in the polar axis direction of E
i
and to about 0.0003 in the denominator of its polar flattening. The approach used is based on the temporal variations of distortions computed by means of the geopotential model EGM96 which is used as reference. 相似文献
3.
Tadeusz Wyrzykowski 《Journal of Geodynamics》1987,8(2-4)
A new determination of recent vertical movements of the Earth's crust in Poland is described in this paper. It resulted from the joint adjustment of the network of repeated levelling in 7 countries of Eastern and Central Europe. The author presents the characteristics of the levelling data sets used (measurements made in 1953–1957 and 1974–1979), results of the repeated levelling, the method of determination of the recent crustal movements and of the preparation of the map at a scale of 1:2.500.000 presenting these movements for the area of the whole country. The results of the determination of the Earth's crustal movements are discussed, and causes of the prevailing appearance of sinking movements are suggested. Differences between the values of vertical movements of the Earth's crust obtained during various determinations are presented, as well as the maximum mean error of the difference between new and old determinations. The conformity of these determinations is assessed. 相似文献
4.
重力极潮,即极移引起的重力变化,是地球由于惯性离心力变化导致地球形变的综合反映,其观测和研究有助于了解地球在长周期频段的响应,约束地球形变、地球内部构造和物理参数.区别于以往研究,本文采用了集合经验模态分解方法（Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition,EEMD）从全球5个超导重力仪台站连续重力观测资料中提取重力极潮、消除仪器漂移及极潮频段以外的大部分噪声信号,该方法所用的基函数是基于自身信号获得的;在此基础上,利用最小二乘匹配法分离极潮中的周年项和Chandler项,估算Chandler周期的极潮潮汐因子.结果表明,基于EEMD得到的极潮潮汐因子与前人基于其他消除仪器漂移方法（数学模型或小波分析）得到的结果相符合,精度相当,但由于这种方法是自适应的,因此本文结果更能反映实际物理过程. 相似文献
5.
The sea surface cannot be used as reference for Major Vertical Datum definition because its deviations from the ideal equipotential surface are very large compared to rms in the observed quantities. The quasigeoid is not quite suitable as the surface representing the most accurate Earth's model without some additional conditions, because it depends on the reference field. The normal Earth's model represented by the rotational level ellipsoid can be defined by the geocentric gravitational constant, the difference in the principal Earth's inertia moments, by the angular velocity of the Earth's rotation and by the semimajor axis or by the potential (U
0
) on the surface of the level ellipsoid. After determining the geopotential at the gauge stations defining Vertical Datums, gravity anomalies and heights should be transformed into the unique vertical system (Major Vertical Datum). This makes it possible to apply Brovar's (1995) idea of determining the reference ellipsoid by minimizing the integral, introduced by Riemann as the Dirichlet principle, to reach a minimum rms anomalous gravity field. Since the semimajor axis depends on tidal effects, potential U
0
should be adopted as the fourth primary fundamental geodetic constant. The equipotential surface, the actual geopotential of which is equal to U
0
, can be adopted as reference for realizing the Major Vertical Datum. 相似文献
6.
R. J. Anderle 《Surveys in Geophysics》1973,1(2):147-161
Doppler observations of U.S. Navy Navigation Satellites have been used to determine the Earth's pole position for the period 1967 to July 1972. Recent results are competitive in accuracy with astronomic results and exhibit about 0".02 agreement with astronomic pole positions. The differences are no larger than those between independent calculations of pole positions based on astronomic data (BIHvs. ILS). For a two-day span of observations made by 18 Doppler stations the uncertainty in computed pole position corresponding to random errors in observation is 0".002. However, the results have systematic errors with various frequencies which are primarily due to uncertainties in the gravity coefficients. Since these errors are independent of those producing systematic errors in astronomic results, the two techniques are complementary. Recent results of computation of polar motion based on laser observations of artificial Earth satellites have also produced results having accuracies comparable to Doppler and astronomic results. The analysis of the laser observations is based on the effect of pole position on the apparent inclination of satellite orbits; on the other hand, since the Doppler observations are made on polar orbiting satellites, they are more sensitive to errors in the component of pole position which lies in the orbit plane. As a result of this difference, biases in Doppler and laser results may be different in size or character. 相似文献
7.
为计算地球磁极处的磁感应强度,建立地球的磁场是由带电的地球外核的旋转产生的模型.先根据毕奥-萨伐尔定律计算球形模型绕自转轴旋转时在自转轴直径上产生的磁感应强度;再利用已知的地球外核的内外半径及地球半径和磁极处的磁感应强度值,计算出地球外核的电荷体密度及面密度.结果表明:若外核的电荷呈均匀的体密度分布,则其电荷体密度为3.5507 C/m3;若外核的电荷均匀分布在外核的外表面,则其面密度为2.4581×106 C/m2.通过地球表面的磁感应强度信息利用物理规律和地球物理数据推测地球内部难以直接进行探测的相关信息,具有实际意义.根据地震学方法对地球外核厚度、转向等变化的最新研究数据按该文模型可推测地球磁场强度、极性等的变化.而地球磁场的变化对地球上的人类生活颇有影响. 相似文献
8.
The effects on the = 2 geoid component and Earth's rotation due to internal mass anomalies are analyzed for a stratified viscoelastic mantle described by a Maxwell rheology. Our approach is appropriate for a simplified modeling of subduction. Sea-level fluctuations induced by long-term rotational instabilities are also considered. The displacement of the Earth's axis of rotation, called true polar wander (TPW) and the induced eustatic sea-level fluctuations, are extremely sensitive to viscosity and density stratification at the 670 km seismic discontinuity. Phase-change models for the transition zone generally allow for huge amount of TPW, except for large viscosity increases; the dominant contribution in Liouville equations comes from a secular term that reflects the viscous behaviour of the mantle. In chemically stratified models, TPW is drastically reduced due to dynamic compensation of the mass anomalies at the upper-lower mantle interface. When the source is embedded in the upper mantle close to the chemical density jump, transient rotational modes are the leading terms in the linear Liouville equations. Long-term rotation instabilities are valuable contributors to the third order cycles in the eustatic sea-level curves. Rates of sea-level fluctuations of the order of 0.05–0.1 mm/yr are induced by displacements of the Earth's axis of rotation compatible with paleomagnetic data. 相似文献
9.
Raymond Hide 《Surveys in Geophysics》1985,7(2):163-167
Variations in the distribution of mass within the atmosphere, and changes in the pattern of winds produce fluctuations in all three components of the angular momentum of the atmosphere on time-scales upwards of a few days. It, has been shown that variations in theaxial component of atmospheric angular momentum during the Special Observing Periods in the recent First GARP Global Experiment (FGGE, where GARP is the Global Atmospheric Research Programme) are well correlated with short-term changes in the length of the day. They are consistent with the total angular momentum of the atmosphere and solid Earth being conserved on short timescales (allowing for lunar and solar effects), without requiring significant angular momentum transfer between the Earth's liquid core and solid mantle on timescales of weeks or months. It has also been shown that fluctuations, in the equatorial components of atmospheric angular momentum make a major contribution to the observed wobble of the instantaneous pole of the Earth's rotation with respect to the Earth's crust. A necessary step in the investigation was a re-examination of the underlying theory of non-rigid body rotational dynamics and angular momentum exchange between the atmosphere and solid Earth. Since only viscous or topographic coupling between the atmosphere and solid Earth can transfer angular momentum, no atmospheric flow that everywhere satisfied inviscid equations (including, but not solely, geostrophic flow) could affect the rotation of a spherical solid Earth. New effective angular momentum functions were introduced in order to exploit the available data and allow for rotational and surface loading deformation of the Earth. A theoretical basis has now been established for future routine determinations of atmopheric, angular momentum fluctuations for the purpose of meteorological and geophysical research, including the assessment of the extent to which movements in the solid Earth associated with very large earthquakes contribute to the excitation of the Chandlerian wobble. 相似文献
10.
A. Zeman 《Journal of Geodynamics》1988,9(2-4)
Comparison of the results of height adjustments on the International Repeated Levelling Network in Czechoslovakia with the normal heights from the first international adjustment affords information about general trends of height changes in the period of approx. 1943–1976 (mean epochs of both levelling). Negative changes of the heights (subsidences) occured over practically the whole county, amounting to about 70 mm in south Moravia and south-west Slovakia.Also the height changes determined from independent adjustments of the network in Czechoslovakia at the same epoch was studied. This was based on the premise of unchanging height of the Lišv fundamental levelling benchmark in south Bohemia. As the result, we got practically the same courses of the isolines of identical height changes, only systematically shifted by about 60 mm.The data of comparison should be the subject of interpretation from the point of view of structural geology for which they can serve as a basis for studying fundamental tendencies of the dynamics of the Earth's crust in the investigated region and for given time period. 相似文献
11.
Summary A new instrument has been designed for recording the horizontal components of tidal variations of the Earth's field of gravity and of tidal and non-tidal tilts of the Earth's crust. After justifying the use of the individual constructional elements, the functional model of the photo-electric compensating tiltmeter, constructing in the Geophysical Institute of the CSAS and installed at the tidal station in the Anna mine, Píbram, is described. Special attention is devoted to the sensitivity and recording azimuth of the tiltmeter and to the practical determination of these quantities. A high and constant sensitivity, the invariance of the recording azimuth and the possibility of simple automation of the whole evaluating procedure are the main advantages of the proposed instrument. In the conclusion some of the experience gained from test operations is discussed. 相似文献
12.
1900~2000年的IGRF(国际地磁参考场)资料使研究20世纪中地磁场的变化规律成为可能,在20世纪中,即使从19世纪起,地球偶极子磁场发生了较大的变化,偶极矩一直保持衰减的势头,地心轴的所有3个分量都是减小的.地磁南极的位置变化在1930年左右发生大的转折,1960年起向西和向南快速移动,偶极子轴在纬度方面变化只有1°左右,经度变化在3°左右,离磁极倒转的条件差得远. 相似文献
13.
宋贯一（1991,2006）相继发现日-地之间存在一种奇特的能量（动量）相耦合的自然现象:当太阳辐射光压作用于地表之后,地球表面物质的特殊物理性质会自然地把太阳辐射光压立刻分解为两部分,即P1和P2.其中P1为全球各纬度带内单位海洋和陆地表面接收到的等值光压（P1为随时间和纬度而变化的变量）.在一个回归年的时段内,由P1在北、南两半球上的不平衡分布激发自转轴摆动,引起转动惯量的变化（该变化是目前所了解到的地球转动惯量的最大变化）并产生极移,该项极移运动的周期为12个月左右.由于P1在北、南半球上的分布相对赤道是基本对称的和规则的,P1对自转轴摆动的激发可称谓“规则性激发”;P2为全球各纬度带内单位陆地和海洋表面接收到的光压值之差（P2为随时间和纬度而变化的变量）.在一个回归年的时段内,由 P2在北、南两半球上的不平衡分布激发自转轴摆动而产生的极移运动周期为14个月附近.由于P2在北、南两半球上的分布相对赤道是不对称和不规则的, P2对自转轴摆动的激发可称谓“不规则性激发”.这种天然存在的力源,恰恰是近百年来世界各国研究地球自转的地球物理学家渴望寻找的那种既能激发自转轴产生自由章动、又使其摆动含有两个不同周期（12个月和14个月）的激发力源.正是这一奇特自然现象的发现,才使长期以来困扰地球物理学领域内的极移、极移所包含两个周期的涨落变化及由此引起的地球自转速度变化等自然之谜得以破解成为可能. 本文作者仅对天文观测的极移运动周期及其极移运动所包含的两个周期分量在一定的范围内变化的成因作出了详细的解析,并得出如下结论： （1）极移运动主要是由太阳光压P1 和P2共同激发引起的.天文观测的极移摆动周期的涨落变化是太阳光压（P1＋P2）激发自转轴摆动过程中,在空间上自转轴的摆动中心相对自转轴中心（地心）移动造成的,涨落范围在395～403±2天之间,即天文观测的极移运动的实际计算周期应在13.0～13.3个月之间变化.（2）极移所含的周年期摆动是由太阳光压P1激发的.天文观测的周年期摆动周期涨落很小,变化于365.24～365.53天之间.在一个回归年内,由于日-地间距离的变化,使地球表面接受到的太阳辐射光能产生微小差异则是造成观测的周年摆动周期稍有拖长的原因.（3）极移所含的钱德勒摆动周期是由太阳光压P2激发的.天文观测的钱德勒周期涨落较大,变化于426～437±2天之间,即实际计算周期应在14.0～14.4个月之间变化.观测的钱德勒摆动周期的变化是太阳光压P2激发自转轴摆动过程中,在空间上自转轴的摆动中心相对自转轴中心（地心）移动造成的.上述的定量解析数据均得到实际观测资料的验证,为极移光压成因理论的正确性提供了具体详实的证据. 相似文献
14.
Summary The difference between the rotational time UT1 and atomic time scale AT was analysed in order to find the secular and periodic variations in the rotational velocity of the Earth. It was found that the length of the mean solar day was increasing by 12.8 ms per century in the interval discussed. As a whole, eleven periodic terms were found, the most significant having the periods of 0.5, 1.0, 6.7 and 11.9 y. The correlation between the long period changes in the Earth's rotation and relative sunspot numbers is shown. 相似文献
15.
Summary When correcting precise gravity measurements for polar motion, the Earth's rotational deformation must be considered, as this will increase the correction based on a rigid Earth by about 15%. Conversely the gravity observations can be used to estimate the Love numbers h2 and k2 at the Chandler frequency. 相似文献
16.
17.
The dipole model of the main geomagnetic field sources has been developed by the authors for several years. At present, the model includes 13 sources that existed and continuously developed during the 20th century. It has been assumed that the main dipole motion can be related to the motion of the Earth’s axis of inertia. At the same time, the known sharp changes in the direction of this motion, the so-called “wanderings” of the axis of inertia coincide in time with a change in the coordinates of the exit point of the main dipole magnetic moment vector on the Earth’s surface, dependent mostly on changes in the vector inclination. The motion of the north magnetic pole has been studied based on the model. It has been obtained that the dynamics of the main dipole parameters and, mainly, a stable variation in the inclination of the magnetic moment vector are responsible for the westward pole motion. At the same time, the observed rapid northward motion of the pole is related to the time variations in the parameters of 12 sources approximating the so-called nondipole part of the main field. 相似文献
18.
Astronomical observations of time and latitude providing precise information on the motion of the earth as a whole (rotation and polar motion) point to the existence of secular and periodical variations due to tidal forces and geophysical and meteorological causes.Together with these variations, there is also evidence that the earth's crust is wandering as a result of the action of different forces, and the mean latitudes and longitudes of the observatories vary because of continental and/or local displacements.In this paper an analysis of a long series of latitude and time astronomical observations is carried out in order to investigate their long-term variations, and an important result is found: there is significant evidence for the existence of a relationship between the rotational accelerations of the earth and the variation in the positions of the mean rotation pole over periods of about thirty years. This result is discussed from the viewpoint of a deformable earth and/or crustal movements. 相似文献
19.
Summary The knowledge of the depth of the Mohoroviic' discontinuity (Moho) is important for investigating the 3-D structure of the Earth's interior, since the variations in the crustal thickness can significantly affect geophysical observations made at the Earth's surface. In this paper, the information about the topography of the crust-mantle boundary is compiled from various sources and the crustal thickness is represented in a spherical harmonic expansion up to degree and order 30. 相似文献
20.
Crossing Honghe fracture in Yunnan Province two measuring profiles were set up, each measuring profile consisted of 8 observing
sites. Three component geomagnetic variation observations were carried out continuously and simultaneously along each profile.
Induction arrows were calculated for the periods from 8 min to 60 min. There exists a reversal axis of induction arrow between
Eryuan, Xiaguan, Weishan, Mejiang and Yongping, Yunxian, Lincang, Simao. The real arrows reverse from one side of the axis
to another side and the magnitude of the real induction arrows attenuates with increase in distance from the axis, the attenuation
in northeast side of the axis is slightly less than that in southwest side. The real induction arrows of shorter periods are
greater than those of longer periods at most of the observing sites. According to the features of the real induction arrows
and by use of numerical calculation we tried to look for the restriction which was to be attached to the possible high conductivity
zone in the area under investigation. It shows that there is a high conductivity belt west of Honghe fracture which tilts
northeastward and there is a high conductor cover over the high conductivity belt beneath most of the observing sites
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,14, 201–210, 1992. 相似文献