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1.
性外激素诱导大弹涂鱼成熟和产卵 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
成熟大弹涂鱼的卵巢、精巢和储精囊稀释液中的性外激素以及缩宫素和脱氧皮质酮（DOC）能诱导第4时相的大弹涂鱼卵母细胞在离体培养的条件下发育成熟，成熟率与性外激素的种类和剂量有关。前列腺素E1（PGE1）单独使用的效果不明显，但与人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）混合使用时显著提高了卵母细胞的成熟率。以卵巢、精巢和储精囊稀释液以及PGE1分别注射雌性大弹涂鱼，剂量为0．01cm^3/尾的卵巢液、0．1cm^3/尾的储精囊液、0．1cm^3／尾的精巢液以及剂量为10μg/尾的PGE1都有诱导卵母细胞成熟的作用，其中储精囊液的作用最为显著。在人工管道中放置大弹涂鱼成熟亲鱼卵巢、精巢或储精囊的稀释液，有诱异性亲鱼进入管道内的作用，其中以储精囊液对雌鱼的吸引作用尤为明显。放置于陶瓷管道或海绵管道内的卵巢、精巢或储精囊稀释液都能诱导大弹涂鱼产卵，在陶瓷管道的产卵量和受精率显著高于海绵管道。 相似文献
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《海洋湖沼通报》2018,(6)
以蒽和Aroclor1254为典型污染物质,分析了持久性有机污染物对于采自深圳大鹏湾(N114°36′,E 22°25′)的珊瑚藻生长和生理生态特性的影响效果。研究结果表明,随着蒽和Aroclor1254处理浓度的增加,珊瑚藻的光合色素含量下降,细胞膜透性和活性氧代谢产物丙二醛含量增加,最终停止生长。尽管低浓度有机污染物10.0～20.0μg·L-1蒽和8.0～16.0μg·L-1 Aroclor1254处理下藻体分泌的胞外多糖含量较对照略有上升,但随着污染物浓度上升,胞外多糖含量明显下降,胞外多糖的自由基(包括O2·-、·OH和DPPH自由基)清除能力也同样明显走低。蒽和Aroclor1254对珊瑚藻生理和生长的抑制作用有较明显的剂量—效应关系,因此持久性有机污染物对于珊瑚藻而言具有明显毒害作用。两种有机污染物对于珊瑚藻的毒害效应类似,相较而言,Aroclor1254毒性效应稍大于蒽。 相似文献
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Boleophthalmus pectinirostris is an amphibious economic fish and wildly distributed in the southeast coast of China. In this study, Aroclor 1254 was intraperitoneally injected into B. pectinirostris with 1, 2 and 4 μg/(g·d) for 28 d to assay the reproductive organ weight, the sperm quality (sperm concentration and motility), and the testicular mitochondrial testicular mitochondria oxidative stress. The results show that the sperm number and motility in seminal vesicles, the absolute weight of testes and seminal vesicles of B. pectinirostris treated with 2 and 4 μg/(g·d) Aroclor 1254 decreased significantly as compared to the controls (p <0.05), while those treated with 1 μg/(g·d) Aroclor 1254 had no significant effects on these indictors. For the relative weight of reproductive organs, significant reduction (p <0.05) was only observed in the seminal vesicles of B. pectinirostris treated with 4 μg/(g·d). SOD activities and GSH levels in all the Aroclor 1254 treatments were significantly lower than those of the controls (p <0.05). The activities of CAT, GPx, GR and the levels of Vit C also decreased significantly in comparison with the controls (p <0.05) at the higher dose of 2 and 4 μg/(g·d) Aroclor 1254 treatments. In addition, both H2O2 level and MDA content in testicular mitochondria of B. pectinirostris had a close correlation with Aroclor 1254 dosage, and were significantly higher than the controls (p <0.05). Those indicate that Aroclor 1254 can induce the oxidative stress of testicular mitochondria, and impair the reproductive function of male B. pectinirostris. 相似文献
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中华乌塘鳢(Bostrichthys sinensis) 和大弹涂鱼( Boleophthalmus pectinirostris) 成熟产卵过程中17a-羟基孕酮和前列腺素水平的研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
以酶联免疫吸附分析法测定了中华乌塘鳢和大弹涂鱼成熟产卵过程中卵巢液、精巢液、贮精囊液、雌鱼尿液和雄鱼尿液中的17α-羟基孕酮(17α-P)、前列腺素E2(PGE2)和前列腺素R2α(PGF2α)的含量。结果表明，中华乌塘鳢卵巢液中的17α-P和PGE，含量随着卵巢发育成熟而升高。性成熟前后卵巢液中的PGE，含量高于PGF2α。性成熟雄鱼尿液和贮精囊液中的PGE2含量显著高于精巢液或雌鱼尿液。性成熟前后雌鱼尿液中的17α-P、PGE2和PGF2α含量均显著高于卵巢液。性成熟和退化期雌鱼尿液中的PGE2含量明显高于PGF2α。性未成熟大弹涂鱼(第Ⅳ期)卵巢液中PGE2和PGF2α，含量极低；性成熟时(第V期)卵巢液中的PGE2、PGF2α和17α-P含量显著上升，PGF2α含量显著高于PGE2。 相似文献
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本研究对成年雄性孔鳐(Okamejei kenojei)的生殖系统进行解剖学和组织学观察,结果表明,孔鳐的生殖系统主要由精巢、附睾、输精管、储精囊、间质腺、鳍脚腺和鳍脚组成。其中孔鳐的精巢中的精小囊,按照成熟度依次由中心向小叶外周辐射状排列,其精子发育成熟过程根据精巢支持细胞的位置、精小囊的大小和精小囊中的生精细胞所处的状态可划分为7个时期:精巢支持细胞未迁移期、精巢支持细胞迁移期、精巢支持细胞定植早期、精巢支持细胞定植晚期、精子变形期、精子迁移期、精子聚拢期。变态成熟的精子最终每59~64根精子组成精子束进入附睾。精子束在附睾中经历“游离-聚拢-游离”3个过程后,最终储存在储精囊中。鳍脚是孔鳐的外生殖器,主要有鳍扇、扇盾等结构组成,它与储精囊相连,是将精液输送至体外的器官。 相似文献
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多氯联苯(Aroclor 1242)胁迫下鲤鱼肝脏组织氧化应激 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文在实验室条件下通过静态水质染毒方式在生理生化和转录水平上探究了我国重要经济鱼种鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpioio)对多氯联苯Aroclor 1242的氧化应激:鲤鱼肝脏组织抗氧化酶[超氧化物歧化酶(SuperoxideDismutase,SOD)和过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)]活性、脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(Malonydialdehyde,MDA)含量、相关抗氧化酶编码基因(Cu/Zn-SOD、Mn-SOD、CAT)、应激蛋白HSP70、转录因子Nrf2和芳烃受体AhR2基因表达。结果表明:Aroclor 1242胁迫下,鲤鱼肝脏组织抗氧化酶活性表现出低浓度促进高浓度抑制的趋势;肝脏组织丙二醛含量显著升高,其中390μg/L暴露组鲤鱼肝脏组织MDA含量在第6d高于对照组92.1%(P0.01),表明肝脏组织发生脂质过氧化,膜系统受到损伤;鲤鱼肝脏组织中Cu/Zn-SOD、Mn-SOD、CAT、HSP70、Nrf2和AhR2编码基因表达出现不同程度下调。本文从酶学和基因转录水平上揭示了Aroclor1242胁迫下鲤鱼肝脏组织细胞的氧化应激。 相似文献
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研究高胆固醇食物鱿鱼对小鼠脂质代谢的影响.Balb/c小鼠按体重随机分为酪蛋白对照组、鱿鱼添加组6%、9%和12%(以蛋白质含量计)、猪肉添加组12%(以蛋白质含量计),喂食3周.分别检测血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-c)和肝脏TC,TG含量.称量小鼠体重,肝脏、肾脏重量以及精巢脂肪重量;观察小鼠进食量并计算食物功效比(FER).猪肉、鱿鱼添加组体重增加均较酪蛋白组明显,鱿鱼添加组肝脏重量较对照组显著增加,而猪肉添加组则显著降低(P<0.05).不同添加量的鱿鱼对小鼠血清TC水平均有显著降低作用,而猪肉则明显提升小鼠血清TC含量.鱿鱼添加组小鼠血清TG、HDL-c浓度及AI均较对照组有不同程度的降低.另一方面,鱿鱼各浓度添加组对小鼠肝脏TC及TG含量均有明显的增加作用.摄食鱿鱼与猪肉对小鼠血清和肝脏脂肪代谢的影响显著不同,进食鱿鱼有助于降低血清中胆固醇和甘油三酯的含量,摄食鱿鱼并不增加动脉粥样硬化的危险性. 相似文献
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《海洋湖沼通报》2015,(2)
研究了(CHR)在栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)性腺成熟过程中累积含量的变化和损伤效应。结果表明:CHR对雌雄栉孔扇贝组织中CHR累积含量、MDA(丙二醛)含量、PC(蛋白质羰基)含量和DNA链断裂(F值)影响显著(P0.05),而对照组无明显差异(P0.05)。各处理组雌、雄栉孔扇贝卵巢、精巢和软体部CHR累积含量的变化趋势基本相同,均在10d内呈逐渐升高趋势,并呈现明显的剂量效应,而且雌、雄栉孔扇贝CHR含量表现为卵巢精巢?软体部。各处理组雌性栉孔扇贝卵巢MDA含量在6d内呈峰值变化,于3d时达到最大值,6d后保持稳定,且显著高于对照组水平,而卵巢PC含量、F值在10d内分别呈升高或下降趋势,其中卵巢PC含量表现出明显的剂量效应;低、中浓度处理组雄性栉孔扇贝精巢MDA含量在10d内逐渐升高,而高浓度组在6d内呈峰值变化,在3d时达到最大值,6d后趋于稳定,且明显高于对照组水平,精巢PC含量、F值在10d内与卵巢的变化趋势类似,但未呈现明显的剂量效应。由此可见,栉孔扇贝在CHR胁迫下性腺累积含量较高,导致性腺脂质、蛋白质和DNA受到严重损伤,产生明显的生殖毒性效应,其中卵巢PC含量可作为栉孔扇贝性腺损伤的潜在指标之一。 相似文献
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苯并（a）芘对大弹涂鱼肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18
在实验生态条件下，研究了在苯并（a)芘（BaP)胁迫下大弹涂鱼肝脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的变化，结果显示：暴露3d时，不同BaP含量组大弹涂鱼肝脏SOD活性无显著差异（P＞0．05），而暴露7d时，随着B aP含量的升高，0.5mg/dm^3 BaP含量组SOD活性被显著诱导（P＜0．05），为对照组的1．87倍；随着暴露时间的延长，各含量组肝脏SOD的活性均表现出不同程度的下降趋势，其中对照组肝脏SOD活性显著降低，表明SOD活性易受污染以外的因素，如水体容量、铒料、光照等的影响。污染解除后，0.5mg/dm^3含量组SOD活性显著升高，表明大弹涂鱼肝脏仍具有较强的生理调节机能，也可能表明SOD活性的变化相对于环境因子改变的“迟滞性”。以上这些结果表明SOD有可能作为大弹涂鱼受BaP胁迫的生物指标。 相似文献
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海月水母与海蜇不同幼体阶段的种间短期竞争研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年来海蜇池塘养殖业的兴起,补充了传统海蜇渔业捕捞生产的不足,推动了海蜇产业的迅猛发展。海月水母常常在海蜇养殖池塘中泛滥成灾,对海蜇养殖业常常造成很大损失,但关于海蜇与海月水母的种间竞争关系尚缺乏研究。本文对海月水母与海蜇的螅状体、碟状体及水母体幼体相互之间的短期生存竞争关系进行了初步观察研究。结果表明:除海月水母碟状体可以被海蜇螅状体所捕食外,各种类型的海蜇幼体基本不能对海月水母幼体造成危害。但海月水母螅状体及其水母体幼体对海蜇幼体均存在一定的危害性,尤其是对海蜇碟状体的危害性最为严重,在饵料缺乏的情况下海蜇碟状体可以100%地被捕食。随着海蜇幼体的生长,其对于海月水母危害的抵抗力逐渐增强。本研究显示海月水母相对于海蜇而言,在幼体种间竞争关系中处于绝对优势,这是海月水母时常暴发成灾的一个重要因素。在海蜇池塘养殖生产及苗种培育过程中,应当严禁混入海月水母幼体,以避免对海蜇养殖生产造成损害。 相似文献
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化感作用对中肋骨条藻与东海原甲藻竞争演替的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了检验化感作用对赤潮藻类生长和竞争的影响,对中肋骨条藻滤液进行了培养实验,结果显示中肋骨条藻滤液对其自身的生长呈现出化感抑制现象,而且抑制作用在磷限制条件下尤为显著。自化感作用的程度与藻的生长阶段有关,指数期滤液对中肋骨条藻的抑制作用比衰亡期滤液略强。不同滤液添加比例实验进一步验证了中肋骨条藻自化感作用的存在。降解实验表明在某些机制的作用下,化感物质会随时间而发生降解。在所有的滤液培养实验中,中肋骨条藻对东海原甲藻的生长没有明显影响,这可能是由于东海原甲藻对滤液中的化学物质有较强的耐受能力。中肋骨条藻滤液的共培养实验结果显示,中肋骨条藻与东海原甲藻表现出演替现象,东海原甲藻最终获得竞争优势。实验结果表明化感作用可能会影响中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的竞争演替。 相似文献
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Stefania Pinna Antonio Pais Lorenzo Chessa Nicola Sechi Giulia Ceccherelli 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009
In the Mediterranean region, herbivory appears to be a factor controlling the production of the endemic species Posidonia oceanica, which is mainly due to two main macroherbivores: the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, and the sparid fish Sarpa salpa. In this context the present study is a contribution in clarifying herbivory on P. oceanica by testing: 1) whether the abundance of grazing marks of the two herbivores is variable across different spatial scales, 2) whether spatial variation of P. lividus grazing marks and its density is consistent, 3) whether there is a dependence of the number of P. lividus grazing marks on its density, 4) whether the grazing of both macroherbivores, P. lividus and S. salpa, involves the entire leaf length, and 5) whether there is a dependence of the number of P. lividus grazing marks on the number of S. salpa grazing bites. 相似文献
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A study of the mesoscale distribution of phytoplankton communities observed along the Portuguese upwelling coast in 1985–1986 made it possible to identify an assemblage composed by the coccolithophores Helicosphaera carteri, Syracosphaera pulchra and Coronosphaera mediterranea. The assemblage was consistently present in the coast in the following years (1991, 1992, 1994, 2003 and 2005) and from 1992 onwards, Rhabdosphaera clavigera was recognised as being part of it, although in low concentrations During late summer, this group of species showed higher affinities with upwelling waters of subtropical origin (ENACWst) on the SW coast. At the end of the upwelling season, in autumn, the assemblage was advected to the NW shelf due to the intensification of the poleward surface circulation or meridional seasonal changes of environmental conditions. The species maximum abundances were not coincident in space: H. carteri developed at the central part of the western coast while blooms of S. pulchra and C. mediterranea generally occurred further south, such as at the upwelling centre of cape S. Vicente. Syracosphaera pulchra blooms were characterised by lower concentrations of C. mediterranea and vice-versa. The above patterns were recurrent along the years but the relative abundance of each species appeared related to the interannual variability of physical conditions as the upwelling. 相似文献
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Previous research has suggested that competitive bottlenecks may exist for the Mediterranean grey mullets (Osteichthyes, Mugilidae) at the fry stage with the exotic Cyprinus carpio (Osteichthyes, Cyprinidae) playing a central role. As a consequence, the structure of grey mullet assemblages at later stages is thought to reflect previous competition as well as differences in osmoregulatory skills. This paper tests that hypothesis by examining four predictions about the relative abundance of five grey mullet species in 42 Western Mediterranean estuary sites from three areas (Aiguamolls de l'Empordà, Ebro Delta and Minorca) differing in the salinity level and occurrence of C. carpio. Field data confirmed the predictions as: (1) Liza aurata and Mugil cephalus were scarce everywhere and never dominated the assemblage; (2) Liza saliens dominated the assemblage where the salinity level was higher than 13; (3) Liza ramado always dominated the assemblage where the salinity level was lower than 13 and C. carpio was present; and (4) Chelon labrosus dominated the assemblage only where the salinity level was lower than 13 and C. carpio was absent. The catch per unit effort of C. labrosus of any size was smaller in the presence of C. carpio than where it had not been introduced, which is in agreement with the juvenile competitive bottleneck hypothesis. Discriminant analysis confirmed that the assemblage structure was linked to the salinity level and the occurrence of C. carpio for both early juveniles and late juveniles as well as adults. The data reported here reveal that the structure of grey mullet assemblages inhabiting Mediterranean estuaries is determined by salinity and competitive interactions at the fry stage. 相似文献
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The potential role of generalist herbivores to serve as a source of biotic resistance against algal invasion in marine ecosystems has been poorly examined. The present study investigates the capacity of Mediterranean herbivorous fishes to consume three of the most invasive seaweeds of the Western Mediterranean (Caulerpa racemosa, Lophocladia lallemandii and Womersleyella setacea) and examines vertical and temporal variations of such consumption. Our results show that although fish feed throughout the depth gradient examined (5–35 m), they concentrate in shallow waters, and can consume high amounts of C. racemosa. Such high ingestion of C. racemosa does not appear to be random, since this alga is consistently chosen when offered in pairs with several native species. Conversely, L. lallemandii and W. setacea are barely eaten by fish even though they can be very abundant in the field throughout the year. Our results suggest that fish could be an important controlling agent that has been overlooked in temperate marine invasions, and they may be able to provide certain resistance to C. racemosa invasion. In contrast, they are unlikely to exert any important control effects on L. lallemandii or W. setacea. 相似文献
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