共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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海滩地貌动力学为理解海滩形态和海岸动力环境提供了理论框架,在海滩的保护与开发中有重要的指导意义。基于地质背景、海滩地貌形态、海滩沉积物和海洋动力要素选取7个可以量化的海滩特征指标,采用聚类分析对雷州半岛23个海滩进行分类和地貌动力特征识别,针对海滩状态分类模型Ω-RTR在雷州半岛复杂多变海岸线环境下的适用性进行了分析,结果表明：① 雷州半岛海滩可以分为六类：反射组、低潮阶地/反射组（有裂流）、沙坝-槽谷/中间状态组、沙坝消散组、超消散组和低潮阶地/反射组（无裂流）;② 波浪、潮汐、沉积物特征以及海岸地质构造背景等对雷州半岛海滩状态均有不同程度的影响,在不同岸段各要素的影响各异。地质背景是海滩状态分类不可忽视的因素。③ 由于Ω-RTR模型在判别海滩状态时更侧重于动力和沉积因素,分类结果与聚类分析结果稍有差异,但总体上可以有效区分海滩状态类型,是理解海滩动力地貌系统有效手段。 相似文献
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Jennifer M. McKay 《The Australian geographer》1986,17(1):65-71
Private household telephone ownership in Australian capital cities ranges between 91.1 per cent (Canberra) and 81.9 per cent (Brisbane). Consequently, telephone ownership need not be viewed as a major factor distinguishing households. As the characteristics of households without telephones are also known, it is possible to supplement telephone interviews with face to face interviews and thereby ensure that such a sampling frame represents the population. Such techniques, coupled with the ease and relative inexpense of telephone interviews, may promote the use of the medium. Using a letter to forewarn potential respondents and a three call‐back strategy (twice during working hours, once at night), a response rate of 77.4 per cent was achieved; 8.7 per cent of respondents could not be contacted and the balance refused. Reasons for refusals related almost exclusively to the subject matter of the interview — bushfire hazard. The first day time calls yielded 166 interviews out of 378 calls and the second 67 out of 197 calls. No particular time of day or day of week resulted in significantly more interviews; however, 55.4 per cent of respondents were female. Night calls yielded the highest response rates, with 86 interviews from 127 calls, and 63.9 per cent of respondents were male. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Composition and richness of coastal vegetation differs with distance from the water and sheltering by topography. Transition from pioneer beach plants to mature forests is expected to be narrow on low wave energy coasts with a tropical climate favorable to vegetation growth. The goal of this paper is to determine whether vegetation on the beach and foredune will be denser and have a greater number of species and more woody shrubs near the water as wave and wind stresses diminish because of favorable shoreline orientation within a pocket beach. Field data on beach width, beach mobility, dune height, vegetation species, vegetation height and percent vegetation cover were collected in Puerto Rico along six cross-shore transects. Beaches are more stable at transects in the lee of an eolianite barrier and a tombolo. The vegetation gradient there is compressed, with denser, taller, more diverse vegetation and more tree species close to the waterline than at more exposed sites. The lack of mobility of the beaches and dunes and lack of geomorphically significant disturbance events is in contrast to the conspicuous feedbacks between overwash, topography, and vegetation on exposed mid-latitude coasts, revealing the need for more study of low-energy beach environments. 相似文献
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Coastal planform studies are a relevant initial stage before launching detailed dynamic field experiments. The aim of this study is to define the planform characteristics of 72 Catalan pocket beaches, natural and man-made, and to determine their sheltering effect, embaymentization and their status of equilibrium. Planform measurements were performed on SIGPAC, 1:5000 orthophoto sets and wave climate was provided by Puertos del Estado (Wana model). Planform parameters were applied and coastal planview indexes were determined.The study shows that the Catalan pocket beaches display a wide range of indentation, suggesting that no single structural, tectonic or morphological control dominates their planform. The man-made pocket beaches typically display indentations which are smaller than those shown by natural pocket beaches. Headland spacing and beach area are positively correlated. The more indented bays are, the shorter their beaches become. Low-indented pocket beaches are the widest and the longest ones.Deep indentation contributes towards beach protection and energy dissipation which counteracts rip efficiency and inhibits the formation of mega-rips. Pocket beaches often show gradual and moderate alongshore changes in texture and beach morphology. One third of the Catalan pocket beaches are “sediment starved”, i.e., 60% and more of their embayed shorelines are deprived of beach sediments. Examination of the status of equilibrium demonstrates that most of the Catalan pocket beaches are in an unstable mode, with indentation ratios that are unrelated to the wave obliquity. 相似文献
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为了对比渭河城区段天然河滩与由河滩改造的湿地公园中野生动物的分布情况,进而对河流天然河滩的园林化改造进行评估。2016年5月至2018年4月,采用样带法、典型样方法和坑穴诱捕法,调查了渭河咸阳城区段天然河滩和被改造为湿地公园的河滩中鸟类的巢和蛇类、蛙类、刺猬类、兔形类、鼠类的分布及其数量。研究结果表明,在天然河滩采样地中,诱捕到的5类野生动物和鸟巢的数量都显著大于其在湿地公园中的数量(p<0.05),且天然河滩被改造为湿地公园后,蛇类、刺猬类和兔形类野生动物几乎消失。可见,将天然河滩改造为湿地公园,实现了城市人居空间的延伸,增加了游憩功能,但是,因其改变了原天然河滩的地形、土壤和植物群落,使得湿地公园失去了原天然河滩的大部分生态功能,野生动物失去了它们赖以生存的独特环境,其分布种类和数量皆显著减少。 相似文献
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基于地形动力学的海滩裂流安全性评价 ——以三亚大东海为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章基于海滩地形动力学模型建立了海滩安全性评价方法,认为低潮沙坝/裂流海滩类和沙坝类海滩出现裂流概率最大,沙坝消散类和有裂流的低潮台地类海滩裂流风险中等,没有裂流的低潮台地海滩、没有沙坝的消散海滩、超消散型、完全反射型海滩裂流风险很小。以三亚大东海为例,利用该评价方法分析了海滩溺水事故频发的原因,结果显示：1）该海滩状态以沙坝型和低潮沙坝/裂流海滩型为主,属于高风险海滩,此结论与当地救生实践吻合;2）该海滩溺水事故发生的根本原因为裂流危险性高,故容易发生溺水事故。 相似文献
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Jennifer M. Fitchett Su-Marie Fortune Gijsbert Hoogendoorn 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2020,41(2):171-189
Favourable climate forms a key resource in attracting tourists to tropical coastal destinations. Warm temperatures and clear skies are ideal conditions for tourists to spend long days on the beach and engage in outdoor activities. By contrast, rain, strong winds, high humidity and cloud cover serve as a deterrent. These factors influence tourists’ choice of destination, timing and duration of stay, and enjoyment of their vacation, and are therefore imperative to the economic sustainability of a destination. This study explores tourists’ self-reported sensitivity to and satisfaction of weather and climatic conditions during visits to five tropical Indian Ocean Islands through the analysis of 13 618 TripAdvisor reviews. An average of 12 per cent of reviews mentioned climatic factors, indicating a relatively high sensitivity to climate, with a highest proportion of 15.7 per cent of reviews for Maldives. Rain was mentioned most frequently (21 per cent of climate mentions), followed by sunshine and hot conditions. The majority of the reviews were authored in August and May, and more than 40 per cent were written in a neutral tone, with similar but lower proportions of overtly negative and positive reviews. Thematic analysis of reviews highlight the importance of preparedness amongst tourists, emphasizing the need for accurate information communicated. 相似文献
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According to a long series of measured sediment data, the sedimentation effects of the Dongting Lake Area (DLA) were studied in light of the relationship between sedimentation characteristics and resources and environment. The result shows that the long-term deposition and the impact of human activities have led to a cycle of the evolution of sedimentation pattern, resulting in sediment disaster effects and resources effects in the DLA. The main features are as follows: 1) The water beach, silt beach, lake marsh beach, reed beach and other types of beach shaped by sedimentation effects constitute the main body of the giant lake system. 2) The disaster chains are induced, i.e., sedimentation → marshland expansion and reclamation → flood function decline, fish resource depletion, biodiversity reduction disaster chain, sedimentation → marshland expansion → floods, water pollution disaster chain, sedimentation → marshland floating vegetation rising → schistosomiasis, rodents virulence disaster chain, sedimentation → flood embankment bursting → land desertification disaster chain. 3) Sedimentation has created about 98.13×104 hm2 of land in the past 55 years. Rational development and utilization of marshland resources have produced tremendous economic benefits. 相似文献
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进入21世纪，沿海滩地资源需提出一种能充分发挥其农业生产力，促进生态环境平衡和旅游观光的现代农业利用规划现状，本文以崇明东滩现代农业开发园区规划实践为基础，探索滩地现代农业利用的研究思路，并依据东滩自然环境和国内外经济发展背景制订五个功能区专题规划，并就规划实施提出若干建议和对策。 相似文献
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海平面上升与海滩侵蚀 总被引：27，自引：1，他引：27
世纪性的海平面持续上升，加大了海岸水下斜坡深度，逐渐减小波浪对沉溺古海岸的扰动作用而形成海底的横向供沙减少，却加强激浪对上部海滩的冲刷。逐渐上升的海平面，降低了河流坡降而减少了入海沙量。因此世界海滩普遍出现沙量补给匮乏。海平面上升伴随着厄尔尼诺现象与风暴潮频率的增加，水动力加大。这两者的综合效应，使海滩遭受冲刷，沙坝向陆移动。如按ＩＰＣＣ估计，至２１００年海面上升５０ｃｍ时，中国主要旅游海滨的沙滩将损失现有面积的１３％─６６％。主要对策是海岸防护与海滩人工喂养。 相似文献
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海滩养护影响下的海岸风沙堆积——以福建平潭岛龙凤头海滩养护工程为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
海滩养护工程实施后,在保护海岸抵御侵蚀的同时往往还产生其他的环境问题。尤其在强风区海岸,海滩养护造成了滩面环境的改变,使滩面风沙搬运和沉积特征都发生了显著变化。对福建平潭岛龙凤头海滩养护工程实施前后的风沙沉积对比研究表明,养护后海滩的干滩宽度、滩面沉积物粒径、表层湿度、海滩高程等环境要素变化对滩面风沙搬运与沉积过程都产生了重要的影响。主要结论为:(1)养护海滩干滩滩肩高程的提高增加了滩面风速,增大了滩面风沙输沙率;(2)养护海滩干滩宽度的增加既扩大了风区长度也为风沙搬运提供了充足的物源,且不受潮汐过程影响,提供了持续的风沙物源供给,增加了风沙作用时间;(3)养护海滩剖面形态的变化使得海滩滩面沉积物含水率减小,降低风沙起动风速,增强了滩面风沙搬运。 相似文献
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洞庭湖区的泥沙淤积效应 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
According to a long series of measured sediment data, the sedimentation effects of the Dongting Lake Area (DLA) were studied in light of the relationship between sedimentation characteristics and resources and environment. The result shows that the long-term deposi- tion and the impact of human activities have led to a cycle of the evolution of sedimentation pattern, resulting in sediment disaster effects and resources effects in the DLA. The main features are as follows: 1) The water beach, silt beach, lake marsh beach, reed beach and other types of beach shaped by sedimentation effects constitute the main body of the giant lake system. 2) The disaster chains are induced, i.e., sedimentation → marshland expansion and reclamation → flood function decline, fish resource depletion, biodiversity reduction dis- aster chain, sedimentation → marshland expansion → floods, water pollution disaster chain, sedimentation → marshland floating vegetation rising → schistosomiasis, rodents virulence disaster chain, sedimentation → flood embankment bursting → land desertification disaster chain. 3) Sedimentation has created about 98.13×104hm2 of land in the past 55 years. Ra-tional development and utilization of marshland resources have produced tremendous eco- nomic benefits. 相似文献
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开封市黄河滩区土地资源规避洪水风险的安全利用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
基于ArcGIS与ERDAS遥感影像制图软件,利用2007年SPOT2.5m分辨率遥感影像,结合实地调查,详细编绘了开封市段黄河河道边界、开封段黄河滩区土地资源的利用现状。采用1992~2007年最大洪峰时期的TM影像与沿河水文站点的观测资料,提取1992~2007年7个典型日期的河道行洪边缘线,与本底数据叠加,编制了开封段不同常遇洪水流量下滩区淹没范围。按照黄河下游二维水沙数学模型,采用2004年汛后河道大断面资料,计算生成不同流量级大洪水在滩区的可能淹没范围图(淹没区边界)。在此基础上,结合土地资源管理与河道行洪安全性的要求,总结当前黄河下游滩区利用开发的现状与存在问题,制订土地安全利用规避洪险的原则,规划土地安全利用分区,分为临河风险缓冲带、近河宜耕地带、相对稳定利用带(中风险带)和稳定利用带。提出了黄河滩区土地资源合理安全利用的对策。 相似文献
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黄河三角洲滩涂湿地夏季大型底栖动物多样性分析 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
2008年7月,采用野外取样和室内分离、鉴定相结合的方法,对黄河三角洲滩涂湿地底栖动物进行了调查,并利用物种丰富度指数（Margalef）、物种多样性指数（Shannon-Weiner）、均匀度指数及生态优势度指数对该湿地内4个环境梯度带9类典型生境的大型底栖动物多样性进行了分析。结果表明,黄河三角洲滩涂湿地夏季共发现大型底栖动物36种,8纲28科29属,隶属于节肢动物门、软体动物门及环节动物门;其生物量为节肢动物最高,软体动物次之,环节动物最低。随着河口滩涂湿地从水生生境过渡到旱生生境,大型底栖动物MargMef指数和Shannon—Weiner指数均呈减小趋势,表现为潮间淤泥海滩最高,芦苇（Phragmites arustralis）湿地次之,海防林带最小。均匀度指数的变化范围为0．45～1．00,表现为芦苇湿地最高,潮间淤泥海滩次之,海防林带最低。生态优势度表现为海防林带最高,盐碱滩涂次之,而水生生境的潮间淤泥海滩与芦苇湿地最低。 相似文献
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洞庭湖区的泥沙淤积效应 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以1951-2005 年长系列实测泥沙等资料为依据, 从泥沙淤积特性与资源环境之间的关系上, 探讨了洞庭湖区的泥沙淤积效应。研究表明: 由于洞庭湖区始终处于淤积状态, 加之人类活动影响, 导致了泥沙淤积循环演进的格局, 以至于使泥沙的灾害性效应与资源性效应 均在湖区得到充分的显示。主要表现在: ① 塑造了水体滩地、泥沙滩地、湖草滩地、芦苇滩地等类型滩地, 构成了湖泊巨系统的主体; ② 孕育或诱发了泥沙淤积→洲滩扩展、围垦→调洪功能下降、鱼类资源枯竭、生物多样性减少灾害链: 泥沙淤积→洲滩扩展→洪涝、水质污染; 泥沙淤积→植被洲滩浮涨→血吸虫病、害鼠致害灾害链; 泥沙淤积→洪溃决堤→土地沙 化灾害链。这些淤积型泥沙灾害链给湖区直接或间接地造成巨大的经济损失。③ 近55 年间, 泥沙塑造土地约98.13×108hm2, 人类合理开发利用洲滩资源获得了巨大的经济效益, 就地挖沙加高防洪大堤2~3 m, 累积土石方约55×108 m3, 节省了购买大量原材料的开支。 相似文献
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Karl F. Nordstrom Enzo Pranzini Nancy L. Jackson Massimo Coli 《Geographical review》2008,98(2):280-300
ABSTRACT. Beach‐nourishment operations designed to replace sediment lost through erosion change the identity and meaning of coastal landscapes. Seven beaches in Tuscany, nourished with marble‐quarry waste, reveal how an industrial byproduct is naturalized by particle rounding and sorting and can become a positive symbol of human‐altered nature. The marble was placed on formerly sandy beaches, resulting in different grain size and color of sediments, beach morphology, and value for human use. The abrasion rate of marble makes the nourished beaches unsatisfactory when viewed solely as protection structures, but the rapid particle rounding and aesthetic appeal of marble increase the acceptability of the beaches for recreation. 相似文献
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潮汐作用下的滩面干湿交替是影响风沙运动的重要过程之一。从潮汐作用干湿交替影响下的海滩表层湿度时空变化及其对滩面风沙运动的影响、潮汐作用干湿交替影响下的海滩风区长度变化及其对滩面风沙运动的影响等方面,较为系统地概括和总结了关于潮汐作用下海滩风沙运动过程的研究进展和主要成果。主要结论为：（1）表层湿度与潮汐水位变化之间的关系是非线性的,存在地下水和毛细作用双重的滞后效应;（2）海滩临界起沙风速随表层湿度的变化关系在低于临界表层湿度时正相关,超过临界表层湿度则滩面风沙活动近乎停滞;（3）海滩风沙输送量随风区长度的变化关系按达到平衡状态前、中、后,可分为正相关、不相关和负相关3个不同的阶段。最后,针对当前国内外潮汐-海滩风沙作用模式的研究现状,提出中国未来急需加强的研究方向。 相似文献