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1.
采用2019年5月14?22日开展的断面法调查数据,分析了涠洲岛西南部海域的造礁石珊瑚群落结构特征。结果表明:涠洲岛西南部海域造礁石珊瑚共有9科38种,优势种为滨珊瑚(Porites sp.)、秘密角蜂巢珊瑚(Favites abdita)、斯氏角孔珊瑚(Goniopora stutchburyi)等团块状珊瑚。活造礁石珊瑚覆盖率为5.20%～31.20%,平均值为16.66%,远离海岸或靠近海岸但水较深的站位覆盖率较高。石珊瑚补充量较低、病害少、死亡率较低。造礁石珊瑚群落的物种多样性、优势度、均匀度互相呈显著正相关关系(p<0.05)。靠近岩壁的站位,水较深且船舶通行和游客潜水等影响较少,活造礁石珊瑚覆盖率和多样性程度均较高。受侵蚀海岸悬浮泥沙和潜水旅游影响较大的砂质岸段站位,活造礁石珊瑚覆盖率最低、优势种的优势度最高、多样性程度相对较低。人为活动、西南季风、风暴潮、海岸侵蚀悬沙、极端气候是影响涠洲岛西南部海域造礁石珊瑚礁生态系统的主要因素。 相似文献
2.
根据2007年5月的调查资料,对南沙群岛渚碧礁海域造礁石珊瑚的群落结构、种类组成、覆盖率和死亡率等进行了分析研究.鉴定出的造礁石珊瑚有74种,其中鹿角珊瑚科(Acroporidae)种类最多.渚碧礁海域造礁石珊瑚群落澙湖内外差别较大,澙湖内造礁石珊瑚覆盖率和健康状况明显优于澙湖外,但是两者的死亡率都较高.礁坪和澙湖的优势种不同且优势度较高(优势度>40%),其中细柱滨珊瑚(Porites cylindrica)在澙湖内占主导地位(优势度:47.20%),而澙湖外以疣状杯形珊瑚(Pocillopora verrucosa)为主导(优势度:54.88%).造礁石珊瑚大量死亡的原因可能是自然因素和人类活动共同造成的,必须加以关注. 相似文献
3.
珊瑚白化是导致全球珊瑚礁生态系统衰退的最重要原因之一,野外观察结果表明不同种属的造礁石珊瑚对于海水温度升高的耐受性有所差异.选取多孔鹿角珊瑚(Acropora millepora)和丛生盔形珊瑚(Galaxea fascicularis)为研究对象,比较其共生藻在温度升高时的光生理差异.对多孔鹿角珊瑚和丛生盔形珊瑚共生藻的分子系统学研究结果表明:多孔鹿角珊瑚和丛生盔形珊瑚的共生藻属于不同系群,丛生盔形珊瑚共生藻属于D系群,而多孔鹿角珊瑚共生藻属于C1亚系群.当温度升高到30℃时并未对两种造礁石珊瑚共生藻光合系统Ⅱ造成损害,而当温度升高到34℃时两种造礁石珊瑚共生藻的Fv/Fm值急剧下降,其光合系统Ⅱ遭受损害.多孔鹿角珊瑚和丛生盔形珊瑚分别与不同系群的共生藻共生可能是导致其对海水温度升高耐受性不同的主要原因,与C1亚系群共生藻共生的多孔鹿角珊瑚对水温升高敏感,容易白化,而与D系群共生藻共生的丛生盔形珊瑚对水温升高的耐受性强,不易白化. 相似文献
4.
本研究于2020年7月在大亚湾及大鹏半岛沿岸开展造礁石珊瑚的分布、覆盖率、死亡率、硬珊瑚补充量和物种多样性调查。结果表明：24个站位共发现造礁石珊瑚9科17属44种以及5个未定种,其中裸肋珊瑚科的种类最多,有7属27种,其次为鹿角珊瑚科和滨珊瑚科,均有2属6种;中央列岛沿岸造礁石珊瑚平均覆盖率为12.0%,三门岛沿岸平均覆盖率为12.9%,大鹏半岛沿岸平均覆盖率为5.2%;以坚实滨珊瑚（Porites solida）、翼形蔷薇珊瑚（Montipora peltiformis）、五边角蜂巢珊瑚（Favites pentagona）和多孔同星珊瑚（Plesiastrea versipora）等为优势种;造礁石珊瑚物种多样性较高。与历史数据相比,大亚湾及大鹏半岛沿岸造礁石珊瑚退化严重,活珊瑚覆盖率锐减,优势种由分支状珊瑚逐步转变为皮壳状或亚团块状珊瑚。此外,本研究构建了近岸造礁石珊瑚生态脆弱性评价体系,并对目前大亚湾及大鹏半岛沿岸造礁石珊瑚进行了生态脆弱性评价。结果显示,中央列岛、三门岛和大鹏半岛东侧海域造礁石珊瑚处于低或中脆弱状态;较场尾、杨梅坑、西冲和大鹏半岛西侧海域造礁石珊瑚处于高或很高脆弱状态,在环境压力影响下其受损可能性较高。在海水养殖、渔业捕捞、滨海旅游和船舶航行等日益频繁的人类活动下,大亚湾及大鹏半岛沿岸造礁石珊瑚整体处于中高脆弱状态,建议加强珊瑚礁监测,并采取相应的保护措施。 相似文献
5.
基于2018年12月在亚龙湾沿岸进行的13个站位的珊瑚礁调查,本文分析了该区域造礁石珊瑚的多样性、分布、覆盖率、死亡率和补充量。结果表明,亚龙湾西岸8个站位共发现造礁石珊瑚12科27属55种和11个未定种,其中蜂巢珊瑚科的种类最多,包括9属25种,其次为鹿角珊瑚科,包括3属17种。亚龙湾西岸各站位造礁石珊瑚种类数为12—33种,平均27种;覆盖率为2.8%—22.9%,平均12.9%;以丛生盔形珊瑚(Galaxea fascicularis)、同双星珊瑚(Diploastrea heliopora)和澄黄滨珊瑚(Poriteslutea)等团块状珊瑚为主要优势种;种类多样性和空间分布异质性都较高。与2010—2011年相比,亚龙湾西岸造礁石珊瑚平均覆盖率显著下降,优势种也有较大的变化,表明该海域的珊瑚礁已大幅衰退,这可能与偏高的悬浮物含量和沉积速率有关。不过,亚龙湾西岸造礁石珊瑚的补充量为1.6ind./m2,与周边海区相比,有相对较高的自然恢复潜力。 相似文献
6.
7.
Claudia Wienberg Dierk Hebbeln Hiske G. Fink Furu Mienis Boris Dorschel Agostina Vertino Matthias Lpez Correa Andr Freiwald 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2009,56(10):1873-1893
This paper presents the first compilation of information on the spatial distribution of scleractinian cold-water corals in the Gulf of Cádiz based on literature research and own observations (video footage, sediment samples). Scleractinian cold-water corals are widely distributed along the Spanish and Moroccan margins in the Gulf of Cádiz, where they are mainly associated with mud volcanoes, diapiric ridges, steep fault escarpments, and coral mounds. Dendrophyllia cornigera, Dendrophyllia alternata, Eguchipsammia cornucopia, Madrepora oculata and Lophelia pertusa are the most abundant reef-forming species. Today, they are almost solely present as isolated patches of fossil coral and coral rubble. The absence of living scleractinian corals is likely related to a reduced food supply caused by low productivity and diminished tidal effects. In contrast, during the past 48 kyr scleractinian corals were abundant in the Gulf of Cádiz, although their occurrence demonstrates no relationship with main climatic or oceanographic changes. Nevertheless, there exists a conspicuous relationship when the main species are considered separately. Dendrophylliids are associated with periods of relatively stable and warm conditions. The occurrence of L. pertusa mainly clusters within the last glacial when bottom current strength in the Gulf of Cádiz was enhanced and long-term stable conditions existed in terms of temperature. Madrepora oculata shows a higher tolerance to abrupt environmental changes. 相似文献
8.
鹿角珊瑚人工养殖的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨珊瑚人工养殖的基本条件和方法,分别在陆基水泥池中和海底珊瑚苗床上对3种鹿角珊瑚:粗野鹿角珊瑚(Acropora humilis)、霜鹿角珊瑚(Acropora pruinosa)和松枝鹿角珊瑚(Acropora brueggemanni)的人工养殖进行了实验。结果表明,这3种珊瑚可以在深圳市鹅公湾近岸海域的海底珊瑚苗床上常年生长;在水泥池中当水温低于14℃或高于28℃时珊瑚陆续死亡;这3种珊瑚的生长速度在适温范围内随着水温的升高而加快,最大月生长值是6.05 mm;光照对这3种珊瑚的生长有影响,直接的阳光照射会引起水泥池中珊瑚的死亡。 相似文献
9.
通过nlsrDNA(nuclear large-subunit ribosomal DNA)及nssrDNA(nuclear small-subunit ribosomal DNA)的PCR-RFLP研究广东徐闻地区8科15属25种62个造礁石珊瑚样本的共生藻。结果表明,共生藻nlsrDNA的RsaI酶切基因型只存在一种,属于C系群共生藻;而nssrDNA的MobⅠ和TaqⅠ两种酶切都存在两种基因型。实验进一步通过PCR直接测序法得到62个造礁石珊瑚样品的共生藻ITS序列,与GenBank上的4种虫黄藻ITS序列构建Neighbor-Joining系统发育树,结果表明该区的造礁石珊瑚共生两种不同种类(亚系群)的共生藻,分别为C1亚系群与C15亚系群共生藻,两个亚系群间的遗传距离为0.019。广东徐闻地区造礁石珊瑚共生藻多样性偏低,暗示该地区珊瑚礁生态系统应对环境变化的能力可能较弱。 相似文献
10.
The correlation between the azooxantellate scleractinian coral distribution and the abundance of the zooplankton in the Atlantic
Ocean is discussed. The analysis is based on a dataset of 943 specimens (82 species) sampled at 87 stations that were performed
during the scientific cruises of Russian research vessels in the Atlantic. The hypothesis concerning if the coral biodiversity
and population density correlate with the zooplankton abundance was tested. The relationships between these parameters are
contradictory. High coral biodiversity and population density were registered for the areas of low and average zooplankton
abundance in the surface waters. 相似文献
11.
造礁石珊瑚的表面积是珊瑚生物学和珊瑚礁生态学研究中重要的参数, 因其形态结构复杂, 准确测量十分困难。由于测量方法的不同, 导致不同珊瑚之间的重要指标无法被直接比较, 因此系统比较不同的表面积测量方法十分必要。以块状的普哥滨珊瑚Porites pukoensis和分枝状的鹿角杯形珊瑚Pocillopora damicornis为研究对象, 以3D扫描技术测量的珊瑚表面积作为标准值, 对比石蜡包埋法、锡箔纸包裹法以及简单几何近似法3种传统方法测量珊瑚表面积的准确度; 讨论了不同的表面积测量方法对于不同形态结构珊瑚的适用性; 并通过简单回归分析, 校准传统测量方法的测量准确度。研究结果表明, 无论在普哥滨珊瑚还是鹿角杯形珊瑚中, 简单几何近似法的测量准确度最高(72.71%和94.52%), 石蜡包埋法其次(68.86%和83.08%), 锡箔纸包裹法最低(65.27%和58.07%)。简单回归分析结果表明, 除了锡箔纸包裹法测量普哥滨珊瑚表面积与3D扫描测量结果的相关性较低(r2=0.76)外, 其他传统测量方法与3D扫描测量结果均具有较强相关性(r2>0.95)。因此, 研究认为可通过简单回归分析构建回归方程对传统测量方法进行校准, 以提高传统方法的测量准确度。 相似文献
12.
大气CO2浓度持续升高导致海洋酸化和暖化影响着造礁石珊瑚和珊瑚礁生态系统。为探明造礁石珊瑚早期生活史对海洋酸化和暖化的生理学响应,本文研究了温度（约28°C, 约30°C）和pCO2（约570 μatm, 约1 300 μatm）以及两者协同作用对简单鹿角珊瑚（Acropora austera）和中间鹿角珊瑚（A. intermedia）早期生活史的影响。实验结果表明,升温（+约2.5°C）和酸化（约1 300 μatm）对两种鹿角珊瑚幼虫的附着率和死亡率均无显著影响。酸化显著降低了简单鹿角珊瑚幼体存活率（25.87%）,但并不显著影响中间鹿角珊瑚幼体的存活率;升温对两种鹿角珊瑚幼体存活率无显著影响。升温（+约2.5°C）、酸化（约1 300 μatm）对简单、中间鹿角珊瑚幼虫的存活和附着过程的影响较小,但是酸化对简单鹿角珊瑚幼体存活的影响高于暖化。本文结果表明,珊瑚补充过程对海洋酸化和暖化的响应可能具有种类特异性,气候变化将逐渐改变造礁石珊瑚的群落结构。 相似文献
13.
生物礁是由珊瑚虫、藻类等造礁生物组成、具有抗浪结构的海相碳酸盐岩,是全球主要碳库之一,也是观察热带海洋影响中-高纬度环境过程的重要窗口。近二、三十年以来,伴随着海洋水体的显著酸化和增温,全球热带海洋生物礁的主体——珊瑚礁系统遭受了不同程度的影响。其中,对于高温强迫而言,海水温度上升诱发珊瑚白化、抑制珊瑚的自我修复;海洋酸化可以显著改变珊瑚钙化率、抑制珊瑚幼虫发育、引发珊瑚礁的溶解;两大因素均可改变珊瑚礁的群落结构。针对这些环境要素的改变,珊瑚自身可以通过共生藻的种类转换以及调控基因表达等手段在一定程度上抵抗高温胁迫;但若温室气体的排放不受控制,绝大多数珊瑚礁到21世纪末都将遭受灾难性打击。为应对未来不同场景下的珊瑚礁变化,还需要对高温、酸化等关键因子响应特征进行更深入的研究;珊瑚礁长序列研究有可能为珊瑚的长周期演化特征提供关键认识,也为现代观测提供有益补充。 相似文献
14.
Yamin Pouryousef Jafar Seyfabadi Hamid Rezai Alireza Mahvari Mohammad Ali Jafari 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(12):48-57
The abundance and health of scleractinian coral communities of Hormuz Island were investigated. For this purpose, we employed 20 m line intercept transects—12 in the intertidal zone and 15 subtidally to evaluate coral cover and community composition. The estimated dead coral coverage was 6.21%±0.81%, while live coral coverage was 16.93%±1.81%, considered as very poor. Totally, 12 genera were recorded, of which Porites with 11.9%±1.4% live cover was the dominant, while Goniopora had the least cover (0.07%±0.08%). Based on Mann-Whitney U-test, live coral coverage, dead coral coverage, algal coverage, cover of other benthic organisms and abiotic components showed significant univariate differences between zones (p<0.05). The Spearman correlation test between the abundance of biotic and abiotic components indicated significant negative correlation of live coral and sand with zoantharian and significant positive correlation of algae and other benthic organisms with rubble. The reef health indices used for the corals indicated that, in general, the environmental conditions were not suitable, which could be attributed to both natural and anthropogenic factors, the most important of which was zoantharian’ overgrowth on the scleractinian corals in this region. 相似文献
15.
CHEN Guohu HUANG Liangmin TAN Yehui YIN Jianqiang WANG Hankui HUANG Hui ZOU Kun LI Ruiping 《海洋学报(英文版)》2007,26(2):140-143
Coral mucus covers the surface of coral and contains antibacterial substances as a first line of defense. Coral mucus not only enables the coral itself to resist disease, but also provides antibacterial agents for people. We collected mucus from a scleractinian coral (Symphyllia gigantea) at Sta. Sanya (China), then extracted the antibacterial substances using 10% glacial acetic acid with the help of antiprotease inhibitors, and tested the antibacterial activity by a terrestrial bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus) and a marine bacterium (Vibrio anguillarum). The result showed that, there were antibacterial agents in the mucus, and their antibacterial activities were lost by treatment of the sample at 90 ℃ water for 10 min. 相似文献
16.
Effects of Soft Corals on Scleractinian Coral Recruitment. II: Allelopathy, Spat Survivorship and Reef Community Structure 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract. Two field experiments were performed on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, at Orpheus Island and Lizard Island, respectively, to investigate the effects of allelopathic soft corals on survivorship and community structure of scleractinian coral spat. Ceramic tiles were placed around the allelopathic soft corals Sinularia flexibilis (Quoy & Gaimard 1833) and Sarcophyton glaucum (Quoy & Gaimard 1833), and controls. One control consisted of settlement plates surrounding a scleractinian coral (non‐allelopathic planktivore); another control had no adult soft or scleractinian coral present. The experimental soft corals affected the recruitment of various taxonomic groups of coral spat differentially, as evidenced by the diversity of coral spat settling in treatments and controls. At Orpheus Island (O.I., n = 1038 spat) and Lizard Island (L.I., n = 7032 spat), there were significant differences between recruitment success of the two dominant coral taxa, Pocilloporidae (O.I., 61.4 %; L.I., 20.5 %) and Acroporidae (O.I., 33.7 %; L.I., 53 %). Settlement plates exposed to Sinularia flexibilis at either site had the lowest proportion of acroporid recruits. Diversity indices (Shannon‐Wiener Indices) varied significantly between treatments at both Orpheus and Lizard Islands. This appears to be due to selective inhibition of acroporid spat by Sinularia flexibilis at both sites. Growth of coral spat was higher on settlement plates in the presence of Sarcophyton at Lizard Island. Settlement of most associated epibiota was generally inhibited under these conditions. Coral spat survivorship was highest in the presence of Sinularia at Orpheus Island; at Lizard Island, this was the case with the Sarcophyton treatment. Higher survivorship, and in some cases growth, of coral spat near soft corals was apparently due to reduced competition for space between spat and associated epibiota. This hypothesis is supported by the results of a sister experiment where a coating of Sinularia flexibilis extract on settlement tiles significantly decreased fouling by sessile epibiota. Soft corals have an allelopathic effect on recruitment and early development of scleractinian corals and, consequently, on early coral reef community succession. 相似文献
17.
首次报道了闽东海域分布的3种石珊瑚,分别为造礁石珊瑚陀螺珊瑚（Turbinaria sp．）、非造礁石珊瑚猩红筒星珊瑚（Tubastrea coccinea Lesson）和1个珊瑚待定种,其中陀螺珊瑚和1个珊瑚待定种为中国新记录．珊瑚分布面积约3．24km2,主要呈零星斑块状分布在岛礁周围水深2—25m近岸岩礁区．2012年5～8月对闽东台山列岛和星仔列岛4km2范围内的55个岛礁近岸海域进行4个航次的调查表明,珊瑚的分布总体上南部的台山列岛海域分布数量多于北部的星仔列岛,海岛东部海域略多于西部．研究认为,闽东海域发现陀螺珊瑚说明其分布主要受台湾暖流的影响,揭示我国大陆沿岸造礁石珊瑚分布北缘可能扩展到台山列岛和星仔列岛． 相似文献
18.
Until now, the age of deep-water scleractinians was determined based only on rare finds of these corals in terrestrial sequences,
which constitute <10% of their known diversity. Inasmuch as most of the non-zooxanthellate coral species dwell in the ocean
beyond the shelf zone (up to the abyssal depths) and their fossil remains are missing from terrestrial sections, we propose
a new approach to the assessment of their age based on paleoecological features: the seawater temperatures in the geological
past and the habitat temperature ranges established for 53 coral species. The study confirmed our previous assumption concerning
the very young age of the deep-water fauna. 相似文献
19.
造礁石珊瑚是珊瑚礁生态系统的框架生物,它们既能够通过共生藻的光合作用进行自养,也能够通过触手捕获和黏液吸附等方式进行异养。通过研究造礁石珊瑚光合自养以及异养营养的机理和过程,系统分析了光照、温度、营养盐、潮汐、水流、CO2质量浓度以及食物的可获得性等因素对造礁石珊瑚光合自养和异养营养产生的影响,并讨论了珊瑚的这2种营养方式对环境变化的适应性。在环境适宜的条件下,光合自养是健康造礁石珊瑚的主要营养方式;当珊瑚自养营养的供给受到限制时,异养营养能够在一定程度上弥补其营养缺失,甚至可能成为珊瑚的主要营养方式。造礁石珊瑚的2种营养方式能够对不同环境因素的变化做出不同响应,并通过两者之间的互补以适应环境变化。今后研究的重点应放在归纳各类因素对造礁石珊瑚2种营养方式的影响;深入研究造礁石珊瑚异养营养方式的规律与环境适应性;厘清造礁石珊瑚光合自养与异养营养之间的关系和协调模式。 相似文献
20.
The Province of Khanh Hoa, Vietnam, is located in the western South China Sea and boasts a shoreline of 385 km and many islands. Previous studies have indicated the extreme diversity and abundance of coral reefs in its waters as compared with other coastal provinces of Vietnam. A study on the resilience of coral reefs against increased surface water temperature and anthropogenic impact is conducted at 19 reef sites in 2015. At each site, a series of parameters (e.g., coral covers, genus diversity, and coral recruitment, substratum heterogeneity, depth, water exchange level, and sediment deposit and water temperature) are measured quantitatively or semi-quantitatively. The measured data are rated based on the relationship between the parameter values and coral susceptibility; the consideration that reef health reflects the biological capability to adapt to environmental changes and the recruitment potential if bleached; and positive or negative influences of physical factors in the mitigation of thermal stress and protecting corals from bleaching. A cumulative analysis enables researchers to divide the studied reefs into four categories based on varying levels of reef health to support resilience, recovery, and vulnerability in the case of increased water temperature. Relevant management interventions for each category and other supporting activities are suggested to enhance management effectiveness and to plan the rehabilitation of coral reefs for biodiversity conservation and touristic development, taking into account the involvement of related stakeholders. 相似文献