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In previous studies, the groundwater flow models formulated for the Hat Yai Basin were conventional and deterministic because the geologic heterogeneity of the alluvial aquifer system in the basin had not yet been assessed. This paper describes an effort to develop hydrofacies models, such that the spatial variability of the aquifer system can be represented in a systematic way. Variogram parameters that characterize the alluvial aquifer heterogeneity were determined. Based on these variogram parameters, an indicator-based geostatistical approach was used to develop hydrofacies models using sequential indicator simulation. The hydrofacies models indicate three distinct aquifer units, namely Hat Yai, Khu Tao, and Kho Hong aquifers, which is in good agreement with a conceptual model, and incorporates spatial variability as observed in field data from borehole logs. The hydrofacies models can be used in groundwater modeling and simulations. 相似文献
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An efficient method to upscale hydraulic conductivity (K) from detailed three-dimensional geostatistical models of hydrofacies heterogeneity to a coarser model grid is presented. Geologic heterogeneity of an alluvial fan system was characterized using transition-probability-based geostatistical simulations of hydrofacies distributions. For comparison of different hydrofacies architecture, two alternative models with different hydrofacies structures and geometries and a multi-Gaussian model, all with the same mean and variance in K, were created. Upscaling was performed on five realizations of each of the geostatistical models using the arithmetic and harmonic means of the K-values within vertical grid columns. The effects of upscaling on model domain equivalent K were investigated by means of steady-state flow simulations. A logarithmic increase in model domain equivalent K with increasing upscaling, was found for all fields. The shape of that upscaling function depended on the structure and geometry of the hydrofacies bodies. For different realizations of one geostatistical model, however, the upscaling function was the same. From the upscaling function a factor could be calculated to correct the upscaled K-fields for the local effects of upscaling. 相似文献
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Comparison of three geostatistical methods for hydrofacies simulation: a test on alluvial sediments 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Diana dell’Arciprete Riccardo Bersezio Fabrizio Felletti Mauro Giudici Alessandro Comunian Philippe Renard 《Hydrogeology Journal》2012,20(2):299-311
The hydrodispersive properties of porous sediments are strongly influenced by the heterogeneity at fine scales, which can be modeled by geostatistical simulations. In order to improve the assessment of the properties of three different geostatistical simulation methods (Sequential indicator simulation, SISIM; Transition probability geostatistical simulation, T-PROGS; Multiple point simulation, MPS) a comparison test at different scales was performed for a well-exposed aquifer analogue. In the analysed volume (approximately 30,000?m3) four operative hydrofacies have been recognised: very fine sand and silt, sand, gravelly sand and open framework gravel. Several equiprobable realizations were computed with SISIM, MPS and T-PROGS for a test volume of approximately 400?m3 and for the entire volume, and the different outcomes were compared with visual inspection and connectivity analysis of the very or poorly permeable structures. The comparison of the different simulations shows that the geological model is best reproduced when the simulations are realised separately for each highest rank depositional element and subsequently merged. Moreover, the three methods yield different images of the volume; in particular MPS is efficient in mapping the geometries of the most represented hydrofacies, whereas SISIM and T-PROGS can account for the distribution of the less represented facies. 相似文献
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Application of multiple-point geostatistics on modelling groundwater flow and transport in a cross-bedded aquifer (Belgium) 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Sedimentological processes often result in complex three-dimensional subsurface heterogeneity of hydrogeological parameter values. Variogram-based stochastic approaches are often not able to describe heterogeneity in such complex geological environments. This work shows how multiple-point geostatistics can be applied in a realistic hydrogeological application to determine the impact of complex geological heterogeneity on groundwater flow and transport. The approach is applied to a real aquifer in Belgium that exhibits a complex sedimentary heterogeneity and anisotropy. A training image is constructed based on geological and hydrogeological field data. Multiple-point statistics are borrowed from this training image to simulate hydrofacies occurrence, while intrafacies permeability variability is simulated using conventional variogram-based geostatistical methods. The simulated hydraulic conductivity realizations are used as input to a groundwater flow and transport model to investigate the effect of small-scale sedimentary heterogeneity on contaminant plume migration. Results show that small-scale sedimentary heterogeneity has a significant effect on contaminant transport in the studied aquifer. The uncertainty on the spatial facies distribution and intrafacies hydraulic conductivity distribution results in a significant uncertainty on the calculated concentration distribution. Comparison with standard variogram-based techniques shows that multiple-point geostatistics allow better reproduction of irregularly shaped low-permeability clay drapes that influence solute transport. 相似文献
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The complexity of alluvial-pluvial fan depositional systems makes the detailed characterization of their heterogeneity difficult, yet such a detailed characterization is commonly needed for construction of reliable groundwater models. Traditional models mainly focus on using a single aquifer property to qualitatively or semi-quantitatively characterize the heterogeneity of aquifer, so that they are unable to quantitatively reflect the synthetic heterogeneity of all aquifer properties. In this paper, we propose the heterogeneity synthetic index (HSI) for quantitative characterization of synthetic heterogeneity of an aquifer. The proposed calculation process involves four steps: (1) estimation of the hydraulic conductivity of a sediment sample using the cloud-Markov model, (2) establishment of the sedimentary microfacies distribution model through the Markov chain, (3) characterization of the distribution model of hydrogeological parameters using the improved sequential simulation method according to the “facies-controlled modeling” technique, and (4) application of the entropy weight method to calculate the weight coefficient of the above aquifer properties. The HSI of an aquifer is calculated by superposition of these models according to the corresponding weight coefficient. This approach was applied to the Luancheng aquifer deposit in the southeast Hutuo River alluvial-pluvial fan in the North China Plain (NCP). The results have demonstrated that aquifer 3 which was formed in the middle Pleistocene has the strongest heterogeneity, with an HSI of 0.25–0.75. Aquifer 4 formed in the early Pleistocene shows an intermediate heterogeneity, with the HSI ranging 0.35–0.75. The weakest heterogeneity was found in aquifers 1 and 2 formed in the Holocene and late Pleistocene, with HSI values of 0.40–0.75 and 0.40–0.80, respectively. The heterogeneity of all the four aquifers is relatively strong in the radial direction of the Huai River alluvial-pluvial fan due to the abrupt change of microfacies. In contrast, in the radial direction of the Hutuo River alluvial-pluvial fan, the microfacies change mildly, and the continuity of hydrogeological parameters is better, which has resulted in weaker heterogeneity of the four aquifers in this direction. Findings suggest that the sedimentary environment has significant effects on the aquifer heterogeneity. Considering that there are many aquifer properties, HSI can quantitatively characterize the synthetic heterogeneity of the aquifer and describe the influence of each aquifer property on the synthetic heterogeneity of the aquifer according to its weight coefficient. Thus the HSI approach can be successfully used to deal with the spatial heterogeneity of aquifer and provide a foundation for studies on contaminant transport. 相似文献
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In addition to spatial distribution of groundwater-flow parameters, aquifer properties of location and shape are also significant for assessing groundwater resources because they strongly affect water flow. We present a selection of geologic data suitable for aquifer analysis, a mathematical method of processing them, and a combination of several maps produced by it. The data used in the analysis are typically obtained by borehole investigation. Our targets are the areas underlain by geologic bodies with different ages and lithologies; the spatial correlation structures of geologic data over the areas tend to change locally. The processing method should be a versatile one that is applicable to areas where geostatistical stationarity is not satisfied. The aquifer analysis consistent with that requirement consists of two steps: the first is the transformation of screen locations, locations of sand and gravel layers, and resistivity by electric logging into indicator values, and the second is three-dimensional interpolation of these using the optimization principle method to produce three kinds of distribution models. A stochastic simulation is also used for modeling the resistivity distribution. The three distribution models are integrated to generate a value for evaluating the possibility of aquifer existence. A case study of an alluvial coastal plain, situated in southwest Japan, describes an aquifer model that contains three permeable layers. Each layer has about 10-m thickness and is lens shaped. To confirm the validity of the model, we have drilled two wells that reached one of the middle and bottom permeable layers, observing the water level change. Low correlation of the temporal changes of levels between the wells indicates that the two layers are hydrologically independent of each other. Additionally, groundwater-flow patterns have been estimated by transforming the simulation model parameter into hydraulic conductivity through a simple function and using a finite difference method for flow analysis. The procedure proposed by this study can be applied to other areas by changing the weights assigned to each geologic and geotechnical factor in the generation of the coefficient for aquifer existence, considering the reliability of each factor and hydrologic properties of study area. 相似文献
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冲积扇储层构型精细解剖方法——以克拉玛依油田六中区下克拉玛依组为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了深化对冲积扇储层内部结构和剩余油分布的认识,为开发后期井网调整和剩余油挖潜提供更准确的地质依据,以克拉玛依油田六中区为例,应用岩心、露头、测井及动态等资料,以层次分析、模式拟合的研究思路,对研究区储层特征进行了深入分析,提出了一套冲积扇储层构型解剖方法。经研究认为,研究区为冲积扇体的一部分,建立了该区冲积扇沉积模式。将冲积扇划分为4个相带：扇根、扇中内缘、扇中外缘和扇缘-湿地。扇根和扇中内缘砂砾岩体以连片状为主;扇中外缘以宽条带状为主;扇缘-湿地以窄条带状为主。将单一砂砾岩体叠置方式分为垂向叠置、侧向交错、侧向叠置、侧向分隔及侧向拼接5种叠置方式。利用密闭取心井资料,对储层精细解剖结果进行了验证,指出剩余油富集场所。在构型界面附近,剩余油富集。 相似文献
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构造转换带以其重要石油地质意义而受到学者们的广泛关注,尤其强调转换斜坡对大型砂体展布方向及堆积范围的控制.针对转换带及附近陡坡带的砂体及优质储层分布规律的复杂性,以惠州凹陷西南缘为例提出一种基于"转换体"概念的转换体优质砂体预测方法.相比于转换带,转换体研究变"带"为"体",是对转换带的扩充和深入.研究范围上,将转换斜坡带与断控陡坡纳为组合体,强调两者在三维立体组合下沉积体存在动态时空交互作用;研究内容上,以"构造-地貌-沉积-储层"思路来分析优质砂体的成因及演化.基于"转换体"的优质砂体预测方法,指出惠州26洼西南缘可划分出"锐角-直角-钝角"三类转换体模型,在不同类型转换体的构造-地貌格局下,陡坡和转换斜坡扇体间具有孤立-叠加-联控三类控沉效应,其对应储层物性逐渐变好.系统解析惠州凹陷转换体控沉-控储特性对完善转换体系框架有理论意义,同时可服务大中型油气田的勘探需求. 相似文献
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Laurie Tremblay René Lefebvre Daniel Paradis Erwan Gloaguen 《Hydrogeology Journal》2014,22(3):587-608
Numerical models encompassing source zones and receptors, based on representative conceptual models and accounting for aquifer heterogeneity, are needed to understand contaminant migration and fate; however, aquifer characterization seldom provides the necessary data. This study aimed to develop a workflow for field characterization and data integration, which could: (1) be adapted to the definition of subwatershed-scale aquifer heterogeneity (over 10 km2) and (2) adequately support mass transport model development. The study involved the field investigation of a shallow granular aquifer in a 12-km2 subwatershed in Saint-Lambert-de-Lauzon, Canada, in which a decommissioned landfill is emitting a leachate plume managed by natural attenuation. Using proven field methods, the characterization sequence was designed to optimize each method in terms of location, scale of acquisition, density and quality. The emphasis was on the acquisition of detailed indirect geophysical data that were integrated with direct hydraulic and geochemical data. This report focuses on the first qualitative and geostatistical data integration steps of the workflow leading to the development of a hydrogeological conceptual model. This is a prerequisite for further integration steps: prediction of hydrofacies and hydraulic conductivity (K), geostatistical simulations of K, studies of geochemical processes and numerical modeling. 相似文献
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Zhenxue Dai Elizabeth Keating Carl Gable Daniel Levitt Jeff Heikoop Ardyth Simmons 《Hydrogeology Journal》2010,18(3):607-624
Based on the regional hydrogeology and the stratigraphy beneath the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) site, New Mexico (USA), a site-scale groundwater model has been built with more than 20 stratified hydrofacies. A stepwise inverse method was developed to estimate permeabilities for these hydrofacies by coupling observation data from different sources and at various spatial scales including single-well test, multiple-well pumping test and regional aquifer monitoring data. Statistical analyses of outcrop permeability measurements and single-well test results were used to define the prior distributions of the parameters. These distributions were used to define the parameter initial values and the lower and upper bounds for inverse modeling. A number of inverse modeling steps were performed including the use of drawdown data from the pump tests at two wells (PM-2 and PM-4) separately, and a joint inversion coupling PM-2 and PM-4 pump test data and head data from regional aquifer monitoring. Parameter sensitivity coefficients for different data sets were computed to analyze if the model parameters can be estimated accurately with the data provided at different steps. The joint inversion offers a reasonable fit to all data sets. The uncertainty of estimated parameters for the hydrofacies is addressed with the parameter confidence intervals. 相似文献
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储层非均质性研究是油藏描述的重要内容,传统的表征参数是基于少量离散观测值(井点)的统计。文章根据地质建模成果并结合地质规律,对曙光油田杜229区块兴隆台油组储层非均质性进行的研究表明:兴隆台油组层间非均质性严重,属不均匀型。兴I—兴V组储层为近源扇三角洲沉积,平面上由于河道摆动频繁,相变快,层与层之间渗透率差异性大;其中分流河口坝砂体非均质性最弱,分流间薄层砂微相最强。兴VI组为水下重力流沉积,岩性变化大,层间渗透率差异明显,非均质性更强。兴VI组辫状水道相非均质性最弱,水道间薄层砂微相非均质性最严重。隔夹层分布受沉积相带控制,在冲积扇分流河道内、边滩及心滩内等部位较发育,纵向上,隔夹层分布不均一,上部各油层组之间夹层分布相对稳定。 相似文献
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冲积扇储层具有典型的非平稳分布特征,传统的基于平稳假设的地质统计建模方法无法准确模拟其沉积微相。在充 分分析其沉积微相分布特征的基础上,以克拉玛依油田三叠系克下组冲积扇储层为例,综合现代沉积、密井网、露头等信 息,应用基于地质矢量信息的多点地质统计学方法建立了精细、合理的储层沉积微相三维模型。首先,综合现代沉积特征 与地下储层沉积微相解剖成果,应用“模式指导、规模约束”的方法,建立符合研究区沉积模式和定量规模的训练图像和 基于冲积扇沉积体系的矢量坐标系统,表征了训练图像的地质矢量信息,提出基于预模拟实现的模拟域地质矢量信息表征 方法,建立了待模拟地质体的三维矢量信息模型;最后,采用基于矢量信息的多点地质统计方法建立了冲积扇储层沉积微 相模型,并采用多种标准对模拟实现进行可靠性分析。模拟结果表明冲积扇相带分布符合地质认识,沉积微相的形态、展 布特征、组合样式、规模与训练图像、地下沉积微相解剖认识相符。 相似文献
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借鉴美国地质调查局在宾夕法尼亚的地下水位预警方法,从统计学的角度,探索了北京平原区地下水预警方法。对监测井多年长期监测资料进行百分位统计分析,把同一时间(月平均、旬平均、日平均)地下水水位(头)标高值的最小值至百分位5、百分位5至百分位10、百分位10至百分位25、百分位25至百分位75范围内的地下水位分别定义为红色、橙色、黄色和蓝色预警,形成地下水位预警判据。根据地下水水位实时监测数据,实时判定监测井代表区域的地下水预警等级,同时修正和完善地下水位预警判据,称之为监测井单点预警,监测井代表的同一层位的区域的集合,构成不同含水层的地下水位区域预警。对北京平原区2009年12月的地下水位预警结果为:潮白河冲洪积扇顶部和中部潜水含水层地下水位为红色预警,前缘为黄色预警,冲洪积平原为蓝色预警区;城区以南地区为红色预警,海淀山后的西北部地区为红色预警,永定河冲积扇和冲积平原大部分地区黄色和蓝色预警,大石河冲洪积扇地区均为蓝色预警;承压水含水层在潮白河冲洪积扇的前缘为红色预警,冲洪积平原为蓝色预警,北运河山前地带均为橙色预警,城区东、东南地区为橙色和黄色预警,少数地区为橙色预警,除上述地区以外,承压水均为蓝色预警。北京市平原区主要地下水开采地区地下水位已经处于历史的较低水位处,特别是潮白河冲积扇中上部地区以及平谷盆地,地下水位几乎全部处于红色预警区。该预警方法原理明确,方法简便,有望在地下水主要开采区推广应用。 相似文献
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针对野外露头地质知识库数据获取方法存在的不足,利用无人机倾斜摄影的敏捷、全局性视角及定量化程度高的特点,对山西吕梁市坪头乡剖面野外露头数据进行了采集、处理与地质解释,建立了野外露头区地质知识库,并以此为基础建立了典型区块野外露头内部三维地质模型。研究表明: (1)无人机倾斜摄影采集处理后数据模型具有三维坐标(经度、纬度和海拔)及对应的图像信息,可以准确定位并测量任意位置点坐标,为建立精准的地质知识库奠定了良好的基础;(2)对露头区储集层骨架与地质统计学参数进行了统计,建立了典型露头区地质知识库,主要包括储集层成因、砂体连续性与规模、砂体数量与相对比例、砂体几何形态和变差函数等参数;(3)在虚拟井位设置、岩性标定和储集层地质知识库的指导下,利用地质统计学变差函数的方法,建立了典型露头区三维地层-构造模型和2套岩性模型,模型与地质认识较为一致。 相似文献
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准噶尔盆地车排子凸起新近系沙湾组为湖盆缓坡多物源、复杂沉积体系沉积,其沉积体系认识争议很大,时空演化难以刻画.准确刻画其沉积体系类型、演化规律和砂体分布特征,是精细刻画单砂体及内部构型等储层的基石,对后期油气开发具有重要指导意义.在岩心、测井、测试分析及地震资料,充分利用相位转换、地层切片等地震沉积学技术方法,对其沉积体系特征进行深入研究.建立研究区精细层序地层格架,将沙湾组划分为2个三级层序、4个四级层序;识别出冲积扇、辫状河、曲流河、曲流河三角洲、扇三角洲及滨浅湖6种沉积体系类型,并确定沉积体系边界及演化规律;建立了多物源冲积扇-辫状河、扇三角洲-曲流河三角洲沉积模式及砂体分布模式.辫状河道、心滩、点坝复合体及冲积扇砂体均钻遇较好油气显示,为重要储集体.此次研究丰富了地震沉积学在湖盆缓坡多物源、多沉积体系类型中的应用. 相似文献
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Hydrogeological framework and estimation of aquifer hydraulic parameters using geoelectrical data: a case study from West Iran 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abduulah Taheri Tizro Kostantanous S. Voudouris Mortaza Salehzade Hassan Mashayekhi 《Hydrogeology Journal》2010,18(4):917-929
Detailed local geological, geophysical, and hydrogeological investigations were carried out for the alluvial aquifer in the Kangavar basin, West Iran to delineate the architecture of different subsurface geological horizons using lithologs and generated vertical electrical sounding (VES) data. An attempt has also been made to estimate aquifer transmissivity from resistivity data. Forty VESs were recorded with the Schlumberger electrode configuration in the study area; 28 of these were selected for evaluation. The maximum current electrode spacing was 400–500 m. The data obtained were interpreted by computer iterative modeling with curve matching for calibration purposes. In order to ascertain the subsurface geological framework, the general distribution of resistivity responses of the geological formations was obtained and geoelectrical sections along a number of lines were prepared. Probable aquifer horizons from these sections were identified. The transmissivity of the unconfined aquifer was computed by determining the Dar-Zarrouk parameters (longitudinal unit conductance and transverse unit resistance) and were compared with the actual field transmissivity. The results showed a direct relation between aquifer transmissivity and modified transverse resistance. 相似文献