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1.
Many studies have revealed that anchovy has exhibited large variability in population size on decadal tim-escales. However, such works concerning anchovy population are mainly based on short historical catch records. In order to understand the causes of variability in fish stocks （natural and/or anthropogenic） and calibrate the error between catches and standing stocks, it is essential to develop long-term time series of fish stocks from the time when human impacts are minimal or negligible. Well preserved fish scales from sediment record are regarded as useful indicators revealing the history of fish population dynamics over the last centuries. Anchovy scales was first analyzed over the Yellow Sea and East China Sea and the largest abundance was found in the central South Yellow Sea where is regarded as the largest overwintering ground for Japanese anchovy （Engraulis japonicas）. Thus in the central South Yellow Sea, two cores covering the last 150 years were collected for estimating fish scale flux. The scale deposition rate （SDR） records show that the decadal scale SDRs were obviously coherent between cores with independent chronologies. Thecalibration of downcore SDRs to the standing stocks of anchovy further validated that SDR is a reliable proxy to recon-struct the long-term anchovy population dynamic in the central South Yellow Sea where anoxic conditions prevail in the sediment. When assembled with other productivity proxies, it would be expected that SDR could be associated with changes in oceanic productivity and may make a contribution to determine the forcing factors and elucidate the mechanism of the process in future. 相似文献
2.
Recent studies in the western North Pacific reported a declining standing stock biomass of anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) in the Yellow Sea and a climate-driven southward shift of anchovy catch in Korean waters. We investigated the effects of a warming ocean on the latitudinal shift of anchovy catch by developing and applying individual-based models (IBMs) based on a regional ocean circulation model and an IPCC climate change scenario. Despite the greater uncertainty, our two IBMs projected that, by the 2030s, the strengthened Tsushima warm current in the Korea Strait and the East Sea, driven by global warming, and the subsequent confinement of the relatively cold water masses within the Yellow Sea will decrease larval anchovy biomass in the Yellow Sea, but will increase it in the Korea Strait and the East Sea. The decreasing trend of anchovy biomass in the Yellow Sea was reproduced by our models, but further validation and enhancement of the models is required together with extended ichthyoplankton surveys to understand and reliably project range shifts of anchovy and the impacts such range shifts will have on the marine ecosystems and fisheries in the region. 相似文献
3.
受河流沿岸工农业发展以及人口急剧增加影响,小清河河口及邻近海域受到严重污染。口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)作为小清河河口及邻近海域重要渔业资源之一,承受着巨大的捕捞和生存压力。为了掌握口虾蛄种群在该区域的种群遗传多样性,本研究于2020年6—10月在小清河河口及邻近海域采集口虾蛄生物样本,进行了基于线粒体COI基因的种群遗传多样性分析。研究结果表明,基于216条长度为655bp的COI基因片段,共定义90个单倍型,63个多态位点,其中包括59个转换位点,1个颠换位点和3个转换与颠换同时存在的位点,核苷酸多样性指数和单倍型多样性分别为0.9700和0.0051。与其他海域相比,小清河河口种群遗传多样性处于相对较高水平;同时遗传结构分析发现黄渤海与东海及南海分布的口虾蛄种群遗传变异较大,但黄渤海海域内遗传变异较小。通过本研究基本掌握了小清河河口及邻近海域口虾蛄种群遗传多样性背景,也可为口虾蛄资源管理以及种质资源库建立等提供科学的基础理论依据。 相似文献
4.
Patterns in the spatial distribution of Peruvian anchovy (Engraulis ringens) revealed by spatially explicit fishing data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Peruvian anchovy (Engraulis ringens) stock abundance is tightly driven by the high and unpredictable variability of the Humboldt Current Ecosystem. Management of the fishery therefore cannot rely on mid- or long-term management policy alone but needs to be adaptive at relatively short time scales. Regular acoustic surveys are performed on the stock at intervals of 2 to 4 times a year, but there is a need for more time continuous monitoring indicators to ensure that management can respond at suitable time scales. Existing literature suggests that spatially explicit data on the location of fishing activities could be used as a proxy for target stock distribution. Spatially explicit commercial fishing data could therefore guide adaptive management decisions at shorter time scales than is possible through scientific stock surveys. In this study we therefore aim to (1) estimate the position of fishing operations for the entire fleet of Peruvian anchovy purse–seiners using the Peruvian satellite vessel monitoring system (VMS), and (2) quantify the extent to which the distribution of purse–seine sets describes anchovy distribution. To estimate fishing set positions from vessel tracks derived from VMS data we developed a methodology based on artificial neural networks (ANN) trained on a sample of fishing trips with known fishing set positions (exact fishing positions are known for approximately 1.5% of the fleet from an at-sea observer program). The ANN correctly identified 83% of the real fishing sets and largely outperformed comparative linear models. This network is then used to forecast fishing operations for those trips where no observers were onboard. To quantify the extent to which fishing set distribution was correlated to stock distribution we compared three metrics describing features of the distributions (the mean distance to the coast, the total area of distribution, and a clustering index) for concomitant acoustic survey observations and fishing set positions identified from VMS. For two of these metrics (mean distance to the coast and clustering index), fishing and survey data were significantly correlated. We conclude that the location of purse–seine fishing sets yields significant and valuable information on the distribution of the Peruvian anchovy stock and ultimately on its vulnerability to the fishery. For example, a high concentration of sets in the near coastal zone could potentially be used as a warning signal of high levels of stock vulnerability and trigger appropriate management measures aimed at reducing fishing effort. 相似文献
5.
Recent field and retrospective data were combined to investigate variations from 1984 to 1998 in the spring abundance of dominant copepods in the Yellow Sea. A calanoid copepod, Calanus sinicus, was chosen to assess the long-term changes in abundance associated with temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a and predator abundance. Average anomalies of sea surface temperature (SST), salinity, and the abundance of C. sinicus were positive in the 1990s and negative in the 1980s. The average abundances of C. sinicus in the study area in the 1990s were also significantly higher than those in the 1980s (p<0.01). Catches of the anchovy Engraulis japonicus, a predator of C. sinicus, showed a decreasing trend during the study period. The higher abundances of C. sinicus in the 1990s may have been affected by an increase in water temperature and a decrease in predators, without distinctive changes in chlorophyll-a concentrations during the study period. 相似文献
6.
Tomohiro Deguchi Yutaka Watanuki Yasuaki Niizuma Akifumi Nakata 《Progress in Oceanography》2004,61(2-4):267
The diets of breeding seabirds can be a good monitor of marine environmental changes. From 1984 to 2001 we monitored the diets of black-tailed gulls (Larus crassirostris) (“surface foragers”), rhinoceros auklets (Cerorhinca monocerata) (“epipelagic divers”), and Japanese cormorants (Phalacrocorax filamentotus) (“bottom divers”) that breed on Teuri Island at the northern boundary of the Tsushima Warm current in the Sea of Japan/East Sea. Between 1984 and 1987, both the gulls and the auklets foraged on the sardine (Sardinops melanostictus), but after 1992, they switched to the anchovy (Engraulis japonica). This change might reflect the collapse of the sardine stock in the late 1980s. In the 1990s, the year-to-year variations of the percentage of anchovy in the diets of the three seabird species showed similar trends: High in 1994 and 1998–2001; and low in 1992–1993 and 1995–1997. The estimated stock size of the anchovy population in the Tsushima Current area was positively correlated with the percentage of mass of anchovy in the seabirds’ diets. Thus, the short-term annual changes of the total anchovy availability, which might reflect SST or the volume transport of Tsushima Current, possibly affected the seabirds diets on this island. 相似文献
7.
Changes of nutrient concentrations and N: P: Si ratios and their possible impacts on the Huanghai Sea ecosystem 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
To investigate the impacts of nutrient concentrations and N:P:Si ratios on the ecosystem of the Huanghai Sea (Yellow Sea), the current status and long-term variation of nutrients concentrations and ratios as well as phytoplankton community structure in the Huanghai Sea were collected and analyzed. The results reveal great annual and seasonal fluctuations in the nutrient concentrations and N:P:Si ratios during 1998-2008 with no clear pattern observed in the whole region. Yet on a seasonal scale of spring and in the coastal regions such as the Jiaozhou Bay and Sanggou Bay, the increase of DIN concentration and N:P ratio as well as the decrease of phosphate and silicate concentrations and Si:N ratios were relatively significant. Many pelagic ecosystem changes have occurred concurrent with these changes of the nutrient regime, such as the recent increase of primary production, changes of phytoplankton chlorophyll a biomass and abundance, an increase of eutrophication, and occurrence of HABs. In addition, new trends in the variation of nutrients seem to be developing in some particular transect such as 36°N, which suggests that long-term and systematic ecosystem monitoring in the Huanghai Sea is necessary. 相似文献
8.
南黄海浮游动物主要种类数量分布年间比较 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
分析对比1959年、1982年、1998-2000年以及2007-2010年4个不同时期南黄海中部（34.25°~37.45°N,122.00°~124.00°E）浮游动物主要优势种中华哲水蚤（Calanus sinicus）、太平洋磷虾（Euphausia pacifica）和强壮箭虫（Sagitta crassa）数量时空变化及其与温度、盐度和太平洋年代际震荡指数（Pacific Decadal Oscillation,PDO）变动的关系。结果显示,温度可能对中华哲水蚤和太平洋磷虾数量分布影响较大;强壮箭虫则受盐度影响较大。PDO暖位相时期中华哲水蚤和太平洋磷虾数量显著低于冷位相时期,强壮箭虫则相反。中华哲水蚤和太平洋磷虾丰度与提前3个月PDO值呈显著正相关,强壮箭虫丰度仅与当月PDO值呈显著正相关。 相似文献
9.
遗传多样性和群体遗传结构是研究群体动态变化的重要内容, 也是种质资源评估与保护的基础。日本鳀(Engraulis japonicus)是我国东部近海的重要鱼种, 具有重要的生态价值和经济价值。文章利用线粒体控制区全序列分析了黄海海域4个地理群体(北黄海北部、北黄海南部、南黄海北部和南黄海中部)日本鳀的遗传多样性、种群遗传结构和历史动态变化。结果显示, 131个样品检测到了126个单倍型, 且4个群体的单倍型多样性均很高, 其中北黄海南部群体的最低(0.995±0.009), 南黄海中部群体的最高(1.000±0.014)。而核苷酸多样性均较低, 为0.010±0.005 ~ 0.011±0.006。主成分判别分析(DAPC)和遗传分化系数Fst表明4个群体无明显的群体分化现象, 群体间的遗传同质性水平高, 分子方差分析(AMOVA)也显示分子变异基本来自于群体内, 并且没有明显的群体遗传结构。贝叶斯系统发育树分析发现, 黄海日本鳀有2个谱系, 谱系1和谱系2的分化时间为0.701Ma前, 可以追溯到更新世期间; 进一步中性检验和核苷酸错配分布分析表明这2个谱系可能发生过群体扩张。贝叶斯天际线图则显示黄海鳀鱼的有效群体数量在0.150Ma前发生了明显的下降。 相似文献
10.
采用DAPI荧光染色技术, 进行了2007年6月和2008年7月黄海底栖异养细菌的丰度和生物量及分布特点研究。结果表明, 2007年底栖细菌的丰度为(1.13±0.39)×109cells/cm3, 生物量为(49.63±17.26)?gC/cm3; 2008年底栖细菌的现存量较2007年低了约43%。南黄海的底栖细菌现存量较北黄海分别低8%(2007年)和13%(2008年), 而中央冷水团则较其外围区域高约10%和37%, 在南黄海呈现中央冷水区域高于近岸的分布特点, 而在北黄海则正相反。统计分析表明, 2007年北黄海底栖细菌丰度与沉积物叶绿素a含量呈极显著正相关, 南黄海细菌丰度与沉积物有机质含量及底层水盐度呈极显著正相关; 而2008年北黄海细菌丰度与环境因子未见明显的相关性, 在南黄海则与底层水的叶绿素含量呈极显著负相关, 显示浒苔暴发可能对底栖细菌产生了明显抑制。 相似文献
11.
《Ocean & Coastal Management》2006,49(1-2):42-67
The seas in North-East Asia, the Yellow/East China Sea and the East Sea, which are semi-enclosed seas constituting unitary ecosystems are now facing many problems such as depletion of fish stocks, poor fishery management policies, and large-scale deterioration of the marine environment. The fishery resources of the region have long been subject to heavy fishing pressures, and many stocks are now believed to be seriously depleted and may be in danger of extinction because of overfishing. In addition, poor fishery management policies have accelerated overfishing and the rapid depletion of fish stocks. Considering this rapidly deteriorating situation, regional co-operation based on the 1982 UN Convention among coastal states should be given top priority. Most fish stocks in the region migrate beyond the jurisdiction of any one country. Indeed, one state by itself can easily destroy fishery resources because semi-enclosed seas, particularly those such as the Yellow/East China Sea and the East Sea, cannot be managed effectively without close co-operation among the coastal states. 相似文献
12.
利用奇异谱分析和小波分析的方法,分析了南海海表面温度异常(SSTA)在年代际尺度上的变化特征及其与太平洋年代际涛动(PDO)之间的关系.发现南海 SSTA 年代际振荡与年循环之间存在一定程度上的锁相:在冬、春季较强,而夏、秋季则较弱.此外,在过去的140多年,南海 SSTA 年代际振荡显著衰弱.通过与 PDO 指数进行相关分析发现,在年代际尺度上 PDO 与南海 SSTA 具有一定的相关性.一方面这种相关性只在20世纪前50年比较显著,这在一定程度上解释了为何南海 SSTA 的年代际振荡表现出衰减的趋势;另一方面,当 PDO 位相超前南海 SSTA 位相3到6个月时,两者表现出较强的相关性.进一步分析表明,PDO 可能通过调控赤道东太平洋 SST,从而影响南海 SSTA 的年代际变化. 相似文献
13.
鱼类自然死亡率的估算及其影响因子的探讨 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
为探讨鱼类自然死亡率参数,文中讨论了1种通过资源量和渔获量数据估算鱼类自然死亡率(M)的方法。蒙特卡罗模拟分析显示当资源量的白色噪音,即变异系数(CV)水平小于大约10％时自然死亡率的估计值基本上是准确的;捕捞死亡率的变化对自然死亡率估计的影响不大。文中构造了长寿命自然死亡率小和短寿命自然死亡率大的2个鱼类种群,模拟结果表明这种方法更适用于寿命短而自然死亡率大的种群。另外该方法在黄海鲲鱼(Engraulis japonicus)渔业数据上的应用同样得到了良好的结果。 相似文献
14.
胶州湾大型无脊椎动物数量的多年变化与趋势预测 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：7
利用1981，1985，1989，1993年5月和8月的定点拖网资料，选出大型无脊椎动物主要种，研究其多年变化规律，并预测其变化趋势，统计结果表明，各年5月份的平均捕获量分别为：1981年1252，1985年，1480，1989年1076，1993年556个／（网．时），呈明显的指数下降趋势，这种趋势符合X＝－4275.244e^-0.4302066t 5527.244的规律，每年8月份的资料量分别为：1981年3190，1985年8474和2027，1993年631个／（网．时），呈明显的指下降趋势，这种趋势符合X＝－4275.244e^-0.4302066t 5527.244的规律，每年8月份的资源量分别为，1981年3190，1985年8474，1989年2027，1993年631个／（网．时），亦明显的下降，符合X＝－1126．9e^-1.202198t 14456.9的规律，以上变化趋势表明，若不采取有关措施，资源将近枯竭。 相似文献
15.
Regime shifts in the Humboldt Current ecosystem 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Of the four major eastern boundary currents, the Humboldt Current (HC) stands out because it is extremely productive, dominated by anchovy dynamics and subject to frequent direct environmental perturbations of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The long-term dynamics of the HC ecosystem are controlled by shifts between alternating anchovy and sardine regimes that restructure the entire ecosystem from phytoplankton to the top predators. These regime shifts are caused by lasting periods of warm or cold temperature anomalies related to the approach or retreat of warm subtropical oceanic waters to the coast of Peru and Chile. Phases with mainly negative temperature anomalies parallel anchovy regimes (1950–1970; 1985 to the present) and the rather warm period from 1970 to 1985 was characterized by sardine dominance. The transition periods (turning points) from one regime to the other were 1968–1970 and 1984–1986. Like an El Nino, the warm periods drastically change trophic relationships in the entire HC ecosystem, exposing the Peruvian anchovy to a multitude of adverse conditions. Positive temperature anomalies off Peru drive the anchovy population close to the coast as the coastal upwelling cells usually offer the coolest environment, thereby substantially decreasing the extent of the areas of anchovy distribution and spawning. This enhances the effects of negative density-dependent processes such as egg and larval cannibalism and dramatically increases its catchability. Increased spatial overlap between anchovies and the warmer water preferring sardines intensifies anchovy egg mortality further as sardines feed heavily on anchovy eggs.Food sources for juvenile and adult anchovies which prey on a mixed diet of phyto- and zooplankton are drastically reduced because of decreased plankton production due to restricted upwelling in warm years, as demonstrated by lower zooplankton and phytoplankton volumes and the diminution of the fraction of large copepods, their main food source.Horse mackerel and mackerel, the main predators of anchovy, increase predation pressure on juvenile and adult anchovies due to extended invasion into the anchovy habitat in warmer years. In contrast to these periods of warm and cold temperature anomalies on the decadal scale, ENSO events do not play an important role for long-term anchovy dynamics, as the anchovy can recover even from strong ENSO events within 1–2 years. Consequently, the strong 1972–1973 ENSO event (in combination with overfishing) was not the cause of the famous crash of the Peruvian anchovy fishery in the 1970s. 相似文献
16.
东、黄海绿鳍马面鲀的资源评估 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
运用Pope-Shepherd多世代解析法推算了1977—1987年东、黄海绿鳍马面纯的各龄组资源量及捕捞死亡系数变动。结果表明,一龄以上资源量从70年代末的70余万吨逐步减少,80年代中期降到约50万吨的最低点。此后渔获物中一龄鱼比例大幅度增加。1984—1986三年中一龄鱼分别占渔获物的14.8％,53.3％。和16.2％(重量比例)。但因东、黄海主要底鱼衰退,生态系结构发生变化,马面纯幼鱼补充多于70年代,特别是1985年和1986年幼鱼补充量显著增加,出现二个较强的补充群体,使1986和1987年的2龄鱼数量有所增加。但该期间3龄以上成鱼资源量仍低于70年代水准,反映出捕捞强度过大。根据生物量曲线解析,将开捕年龄提高到3龄才能获得最佳管理效果。 相似文献
17.
Generally, nutrient cycle is closely related to the element distribution in biomass and the population dynamics in ecosystems. Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) of different body lengths from the Huanghai Sea (Yellow Sea) were determined to better understand their variability and reasons during its life history. The mean content was 45.12%, 10.12% and 2.02% for C, N and P, respectively. Significant differences in C, N and P elemental composition were found among different sizes, which could be explained by varying proportions of storage compounds in whole body fish, and varying degrees of ossification. Considering abundant resources in Japanese anchovy, it was an important P-pool in the cycle of P. Moreover, the excreted N/P ratio was significantly different in fishes of different sizes, especially at high gross growth efficiency. In the past two decades, overexploitation tended to cause smaller body length in the community structure of anchovy, which presumably changed the nutrient cycle in food webs of the Huanghai Sea. Exptrapolation of the results indicates that Japanese anchovy may be important for conveying nutrient in the Huanghai Sea. 相似文献
18.
19.
《Marine Policy》2017
Pacific bluefin tuna (PBF) (Thunnus orientalis) is commercially important in the North Pacific Ocean. Although its stock has been relatively low for decades, international discussions on a long-term management framework, including the definition of a limit reference point (LRP), have only recently started. This paper argues that an LRP for PBF could be developed by determining a biomass level that would prevent recruitment overfishing. First, it reviews the development of LRPs for various tuna species and demonstrates that most of these limits are not necessarily based on biological information on the respective species. Then, the current management of PBF is also reviewed as background information for considering an LRP for PBF. Finally, a variety of simple analyses of the stock–recruitment relationship of PBF are conducted to find a biomass level that would prevent recruitment overfishing—i.e. an LRP below which stocks should not fall. It is concluded that, for the first time to our knowledge, defining such an LRP for a tuna species is possible (about 30 thousand tonnes or 5% of estimated unfished spawning stock biomass in our calculation). Not only is the LRP based on actual experience, but also the logic behind it would be easier for stakeholders to understand than the theoretical LRPs used elsewhere. This LRP should be useful in future in more comprehensive management framework, such as one through management strategy evaluations, in which stakeholder involvement in decision-making is crucial. 相似文献
20.
黄海鲱鱼的产卵场及其资源保护 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
目前黄渤海成汛经济鱼类已不足十种,而黄海区太平洋鲱鱼(Clupea pallasi,简称黄海鲱鱼),自1967年以来已成为黄海的重要渔业,曾经左右黄海渔业总产量。1973年以来,虽然产量逐步下降,目前仍为黄海能成汛的经济鱼类之一。但其世代波动较大,涉及因素较多,现着重对其产卵场及资源保护问题进行探讨。 相似文献