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1.
Danilo Cavallaro Carmelo Monaco Alina Polonia Attilio Sulli Agata Di Stefano 《Natural Hazards》2017,86(2):233-251
In order to unravel the tectonic evolution of the north-central sector of the Sicily Channel (Central Mediterranean), a seismo-stratigraphic analysis of single- and multi-channel seismic reflection profiles has been carried out. This allowed to identify, between 20 and 50 km offshore the central-southern coast of Sicily, a ~80-km-long deformation belt, characterized by a set of WNW–ESE to NW–SE fault segments showing a poly-phasic activity. Within this belt, we observed: i) Miocene normal faults reactivated during Zanclean–Piacenzian time by dextral strike-slip motion, as a consequence of the Africa–Europe convergence; ii) releasing and restraining bend geometries forming well-developed pull-apart basins and compressive structures. In the central and western sectors of the belt, we identified local transpressional reactivations of Piacenzian time, attested by well-defined compressive features like push-up structures and fault-bend anticlines. The reconstruction of timing and style of tectonic deformation suggest a strike-slip reactivation of inherited normal faults and the local subsequent positive tectonic inversion, often documented along oblique thrust ramps. This pattern represents a key for an improved knowledge of the structural style of foreland fold-and-thrust belts propagating in a preexisting extensional domain. With regard to active tectonics and seismic hazards, recent GPS data and local seismicity events suggest that this deformation process could be still active and accomplished through deep-buried structures; moreover, several normal faults showing moderate displacements have been identified on top of the Madrepore Bank and Malta High, offsetting the Late Quaternary deposits. Finally, inside the northern part of the Gela Basin, multiple slope failures, originated during Pleistocene by the further advancing of the Gela Nappe, reveal tectonically induced potential instability processes. 相似文献
2.
Paleogeography and structure of the central Mediterranean: Sicily and its offshore area 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The geology of the mainland and offshore of Sicily is illustrated by a few geologic sections and seismic profiles across the late Cenozoic orogenic belt of central and western Sicily and across the Sardinia Channel and Sicily Straits. This belt is the result of several tectonic events. Deformation involved mainly the sedimentary cover of the old African continental margin characterized by a broad basinal domain, flanked along its external (southern) margin by a shallow-water carbonate platform attached to Africa in the Triassic. Compressional deformation started in the more internal basinal rock assemblages overlying a thinned crust. The most important structural characteristic of the early phase of thrusting is the duplex pile forming the bulk of the chain in Central Western Sicily. The structure consists of a basal allochthon, made up of Permian to Middle Triassic layers, an intermediate duplex wedge, composed of competent Mesozoic carbonates, and a roof complex, including Upper Mesozoic-Lower Tertiary less competent rocks. Large-scale clockwise rotation of the thrusts accompanied transpressional movements in the hinterland during the Pliocene. Right oblique reverse faults modified the previous tectonic contacts between the allochthons in the hinterland zones. Contemporaneous south-directed imbrications affected the southern external areas, progressively incorporating foreland and piggyback basins. Development of the Gela Thrust System appears to be linked to the transpressional event; its accretion is also related to contemporaneous underthrusting at deeper levels of Mesozoic carbonate substratum. The older buried thrust sheets were pushed up to the surface breaching the deformed Tertiary cover of the Gela TS. Northwards in the belt post-Messinian normal growth faults opened half graben whose sedimentary fill underwent structural inversion. Alternation of extension and compression tectonics characterizes the Sicilian continental margin in the last million years. 相似文献
3.
ABSTRACT Many structures produced under one single deformation regime, namely extensional, contractional or strike-slip, exhibit remarkable geometrical analogies when analysed at different scales. By contrast, field examples that illustrate the scale effects on structures resulting from superimposed deformations, which were produced under different tectonic regimes, are rare. Yet the change from contraction to extension is known to occur often in the most thickened portions of the continental crust. The Apennine–Maghrebide fold-and-thrust belt of Sicily shows many examples of post-orogenic extensional deformations. Composite structures, resulting from late normal faults that offset folds and thrusts, are observed at four different scales, from regional to mesoscopic, in the south-western portion of Sicily and in the adjacent Isle of Favignana. The recognized analogies in the geometry of these composite structures may provide a key for the interpretation of the features of regional structures, whose deep geometry is often poorly constrained. Moreover, comparison of normalized displacements accommodated by contractional and extensional faults of different scales indicates that self-similarity is not unique to structures produced under single tectonic regimes. 相似文献
4.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(10):896-915
A 100 km long balanced structural transect is presented for the Patagonian Andes at 50° S Latitude. The area studied is characterized by a fold belt in the eastern Andean foothills and basement-involved thrusts in a western-basement thrust zone. The basement thrust zone exposes pre-Jurassic, polydeformed sedimentary and layered metamorphic rocks emplaced over Lower Cretaceous rocks above an E-vergent thrust located at the western end of the fold belt. The fold belt is developed in a 3 km thick deformed Cretaceous–Paleogene sedimentary cover with few basement outcrops and scarce calc-alkaline magmatism. Cover structures related to shallow décollements have a N-S to NW-SE strike, with fold wavelengths from 1100 to 370 m in the east to 20 to 40 m in the west. However, long-wavelength basement-involved structures related to deeper décollements have a dominant N-S to NE-SW trend along the eastern and western parts of the fold belt. Field evidence showing different degrees of inversion of N-S–trending normal faults suggests that the orientation of the Cenozoic compressive basement structures was inherited partially from the original geometry of Mesozoic normal faults. The deformation propagated toward the foreland in at least two events of deformation. The effects of Paleogene (Eocene?) compressive episode are observed in the western fold belt and a Neogene (Late Miocene) compressive episode is present in the eastern fold belt. Basement-involved structures typically refold older cover structures, producing a mixed thick and thin-skinned structural style. By retrodeforming a regional balanced cross section in the fold belt, a minimum late Miocene shortening of 35 km (26%) was calculated. 相似文献
5.
西昆仑山前冲断带断裂特征及构造单元划分 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
受新生代帕米尔构造结大幅度向北推移、旋转的影响,形成了弧形的西昆仑山前冲断带.本文主要通过野外地质调查、地震反射剖面的精细解释,对西昆仑山前冲断带最基本的组成部分-断裂进行系统研究.西昆仑山前冲断带内以发育与其弧形形态一致的逆冲断裂为主,但弧形冲断带中段的断裂具有挤压逆冲的同时兼有右行走滑性质.冲断带内还发育了NE 向和近EW向的走滑断裂,它们的发育时间和成因不尽相同,它们控制了冲断带内的变形,调节和改造了早期形成的构造.在对断裂系统研究的基础上,结合冲断带各个部位的结构特征和变形时间,将冲断带划分为9个次级构造单元.西昆仑山前冲断带开始发育于中新世中晚期,此后经历了上新世早期、上新世中晚期、早更新世早中期以及早更新世晚期四个演化阶段. 相似文献
6.
The study of 1000-km seismic reflection profiles, along the Northern Moroccan margin, allowed browsing new imaging in detail about the regional geological structures and their functioning. To achieve this goal, we elaborated a high-resolution depth model and a global tectonic sketch. The influence of recent tectonic activity is manifested by normal and strike-slip faults, trending mainly 70° N and 125° N. In this segment, the Nekor strike-slip fault seems to be connected to a secondary major fault system that changes direction from 30° N to 70° N, and changing behavior to left-lateral strike-slip fault with normal component. Analysis of local seismic activity recorded from 1990 to 2014 with moderate magnitudes activity shows alignments in clear superposition with the detected active faults in seismic reflection lines. 相似文献
7.
库车坳陷是塔里木盆地北部一个次级构造单元,受晚新生代陆内造山作用控制,发育典型的挤压冲断构造; 同时,由于古近系和新近系盐层的存在,发育丰富的盐相关构造; 另外,冲断构造各段之间的调节作用还形成了一系列的走滑构造。本文利用最新的2D、3D 地震资料及钻井资料,分析总结了库车坳陷中部的变形样式及分布特征。研究结果表明: 1)根据变形的成因机制,将库车坳陷的构造变形划分为收缩构造、盐构造及走滑构造。2)收缩构造以逆冲断层及褶皱样式为主,盐上构造层可划分为断层相关褶皱和褶皱相关断层,其中断层多在盐层内滑脱。盐下构造层根据断层组合方式可划分为叠瓦状冲断构造、楔形冲断构造及滑脱冲断构造。盐构造可以划分为盐席、盐墙、盐楔入、盐刺穿及盐拱构造。走滑构造在剖面上可见花状构造及不协调变形,平面上则可见雁列褶皱、马尾断层及海豚效应。3)收缩构造及盐构造主要分布于克拉苏构造带及秋里塔格构造带内,自南天山至盆地中心,盐下构造层由叠瓦状冲断构造过渡至滑脱冲断构造,过渡带内则发育楔形冲断构造; 走滑构造集中于坳陷西部的阿瓦特-却勒构造段以及东部的克拉3-东秋8构造段。 相似文献
8.
9.
新疆北部卡拉麦里晚古生代走滑构造及其叠加变形序次 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
大型走滑断裂构造是大陆地壳内部基本的构造变形样式,通常是大陆地壳形成的标志.卡拉麦里构造带是新疆东准地区构造演化研究的重要构造单元.前人的研究认为卡拉麦里构造带是板块碰撞形成的缝合带.本文结合野外考察、构造分析和年代学工作认为,该构造带主要反映了走滑构造带的特点.在遥感影像上,卡拉麦里构造带呈断续的线状延伸特征.地震剖面上,卡拉麦里断裂带主断面产状近于直立向下延伸至基底,与一般张性断层、压性逆冲断层所显示的上陡下缓的铲状特征截然不同.野外考察显示,该构造带发育密集而陡立劈理,主断面附近劈理面倾角近于直立,在相对较浅层次的地层上,劈理面成花状散开,体现花状构造的特点.卡拉麦里构造带内的石炭系、泥盆系地层以及蛇绿岩系受到强烈改造,超糜棱岩化、糜棱岩化、千枚岩化现象普遍.糜棱岩中,硅质岩透镜体拖尾指示右旋走滑特征,与同构造岩脉次级张裂面指示的结果相一致.结合前人研究资料以及地层变形证据,可以推断构造带活动时限为270～260Ma.因此,卡拉麦里构造带是一条在晚古生代-早中生代活动的右旋剪切走滑构造带,准东地区与卡拉麦里构造带相关的缝合带确认,必须以卡拉麦里走滑构造带性质的准确厘定为基础.卡拉麦里构造二叠纪时期的走滑活动性质的确定,指示新疆北部二叠纪大陆地壳已经形成,而且,新疆北部后期叠加构造变形序次研究也显示具有大区域上的共性,指示新疆北部二叠纪以来进入基本统一大陆内部构造演化阶段. 相似文献
10.
在系统总结活动断裂遥感影像解译标志的基础上,利用Landsat ETM、Google Earth及ASTER GDEM等影像资料,结合前人研究成果,重点分析了龙门山构造带南段主要活动断裂的空间展布及几何学与运动学特征。研究结果表明,龙门山构造带在向南延伸过程中发生了明显的断裂分散现象,整个断裂带逐渐展宽,主要包括5条断裂带且其中包含多条次级断裂,至最南端被北西向鲜水河左旋走滑断裂带阻挡。其中活动性较为明显的断裂自西向东主要有4条:泸定断裂、天全断裂、芦山断裂和大邑-名山断裂,前两者是北川-映秀断裂的南延分支,而后两者是安县-灌县断裂的南延部分。由于龙门山构造带南段的构造变形被分解至多条次级断裂上,导致单条断裂错断地表的活动迹象明显变弱,因此单条断裂的潜在发震频率和强度也将相应变小,但潜在震源区会更为分散。结合已有的地震地质资料认为,未来应注意泸定和雅安2个地区的地壳稳定性及未来强震危险性问题。 相似文献
11.
Hamed Abdelhamid Alrefaee AbdEl-Aziz Khairy Abd el-aal 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(24):547
We utilized the seismicity and the potential field data to study the tectonic deformation and to delineate the seismically active subsurface tectonic trends of El-Faiyum area. To accomplish these goals, we analyzed and interpreted the seismicity data, the reduced to pole total magnetic intensity, and the Bouguer anomaly maps. We also used the spatial distribution of the recent seismic events and the focal mechanism to outline the local seismic zones that control the seismicity of the study area and to determine the sense of the motion along the subsurface active faults. The focal mechanism of the recent seismic events and the interpreted subsurface tectonic faults from the potential field data reflect strike-slip movements with normal components along the subsurface active faults. The gravity and magnetic maps show a NE-SW regional trend with low gravity and magnetic values. The NE-SW regional trend extends across the whole area and could be related to the Pelusium Megashear fault. A NE-SW trend with high gravity and magnetic exists at the northern part and coincides with the Kattania Uplift and the basaltic flows in Gabal Qatrani area. The gravity and magnetic maps also reveal several local anomalies with different polarities, amplitudes, and extensions, which reflect anticlinal and synclinal structures on the basement surface. The seismotectonic map, generated by linking the basement structure map and the spatial distribution of the recent earthquake foci, reveals the dominant tectonic trends and the subsurface active faults. 相似文献
12.
巴楚隆起是塔里木盆地重要的含油气构造单元,因其断裂构造特征与演化异常复杂,严重制约了对该地区构造特征及演化的认识和油气勘探工作。本文通过对地震资料精细构造解释,并结合塔里木盆地构造演化背景及最新的钻井、露头等资料,阐明了巴楚隆起断裂活动具有明显的分期差异性和分区、分带、分段及分层差异性。巴楚隆起断裂构造主要经历了4期差异活动,即加里东早期发育张扭性断裂、海西晚期断裂挤压反转、喜马拉雅山中期断裂强烈压扭逆冲与分区差异变形、喜马拉雅山晚期西南缘断裂带分段分层差异改造与叠加。断裂演化主要受控于加里东早期、海西晚期和喜马拉雅山中-晚期构造运动及对应时期塔里木古陆周缘洋盆开合与造山作用,喜马拉雅山中期是巴楚隆起断裂活动关键期,因受西昆仑和西南天山强烈挤压,隆起西段发生“屈服型”冲断隆升与走滑旋转,东段相应发生“受限型”弧形逆冲与向南掀斜,喜马拉雅山晚期断裂主要活动表现在隆起西北缘和西南缘,特别在西南缘断裂带发生了强烈的分段、分层差异叠加改造,其成因与西昆仑强烈隆升和向北挤压密切相关。 相似文献
13.
利用物理模拟实验,建立了两个不同边界条件的模型分别模拟帕米尔突刺东缘柯克亚-和田褶皱冲断带和喀什-叶城转换断层带的逆冲走滑构造演化过程,进而分析和讨论了研究区构造变形特征和变形机制。物理模拟实验结果表明:(1)帕米尔突刺东缘的柯克亚-和田褶皱冲断带和喀什-叶城转换断层带均形成于压扭应力场作用下,发育明显断层走滑现象,前者逆冲前缘断层兼具左行走滑特征,后者逆冲前缘断层则具右行走滑特征,但前者总体走滑量明显小于后者;(2)帕米尔突刺东缘的柯克亚-和田褶皱冲断带和喀什-叶城转换断层带走滑作用均主要位于山前边界断层带,越靠近逆冲前缘(盆地内部),走滑效应越微弱,挤压效应越明显;(3)在边界走滑断层前缘(往盆地方向),弧形断裂由挤压方向向前依次产生,并且斜向相交,验证了帕米尔东缘冲断带构造演化符合自南向北依次变新的规律;(4)在斜向压扭作用过程中,走滑断层构造带不一定发育明显的高角度甚至直立的断层,也可能表现为逆冲叠瓦构造楔样式,形成走滑逆断层,故在进行帕米尔突刺东缘(如塔西南山前)地震剖面构造解析时应充分关注这种构造类型。 相似文献
14.
The study area is the Van earthquake region. It is located in the western section of the East Anatolian–Iranian plateau outside and to the east of the Karlıova triple junction. Based on the tectonic periods, the rock units exposed in the study area are classified into two common categories. These are the Pre-Late Pliocene paleotectonic units and the Plio-Quaternary neotectonic units. The Paleotectonic units are composed of the Yüksekova Complex of Campanian–Maastrichtian age and the Kırkgeçit Formation of Oligo-Miocene age. The paleotectonic units are intensely deformed (folded, thrust to reverse faulted and converted into an imbricate stack). The neotectonic units are composed of fluvio-lacustrine sedimentary facies with volcanic interclations. It is full of soft-sedimentary structures such as deltaic structure, slump fold, sand dikes to sills and normal to reverse types of growth faults which imply to a sedimentation accompanied by both a volcanic activity and active tectonics. Originally the Paleotectonic units are overlain with an angular unconformity by the nearly flat-lying neotectonic units. This angular unconformity and the big difference in the deformational patterns of both categories of rock units indicate an inversion in tectonic regime in Late Pliocene. The new tectonic regime is the strike-slip faulting-dominated neotectonic regime. It is governed by an approximately N–S-directed compression, and composed of NW- to NE-trending strike-slip faults, N–S trending oblique-slip normal faults to fissures and the E–W trending thrust to reverse faults. Most of thrust to reverse faults are inherited from the Pre-Late Pliocene paleotectonic regime. Some of them have reactivated and led to the occurrence of large and devastative earthquakes. The last devastative seismic event is the 23 October 2011 Tabanlı (Van) earthquake of Mw = 7.2 that caused 644 deaths and moderate to heavy damage of ¼ of structures (28,532) in Van earthquake region. The source of the Tabanlı earthquake is the Everek erosional reverse fault. In addition the Tabanlı earthquake is the largest seismic event occurred till now in Turkey. It was followed by a series (over 6000) of small-sized aftershocks and severeal moderate-sized indepentent earthquakes of reverse, normal and strike-slip faulting origin. Both the field and new seismic data strongly reveal that the prominent tectonic regime in the East Anatolian plateau is the strike-slip neotectonic regime, not the tensional tectonic regime as has been reported in some previous works. The strike-slip faulting and related deformation are confined into the upper shallowing part (up to 40 km) of the crust, whilst the extensional deformations are the subcrustal processes and being taking place in a squashy zone at the depths of approximately 40–60 km. 相似文献
15.
The Tan-Lu fault zone (TLFZ) traverses the Liaohe western depression (LHWD), affords an exceptional opportunity to reveal the structural deformation and evolution of a major strike-slip fault of the LHWD using three dimensional seismic data and well data. In this paper, based on structural interpretations of the 3-D seismic data of the LHWD, combined with depth slice and seismic coherency, a variety of structural features in relation to right-lateral strike-slip fault (the western branch of the Tan-Lu fault) have been revealed presence in the depression, such as thrust faults (Xinlongtai, Taian-Dawa, and Chenjia faults), structural wedges, positive flower structures, and en echelon normal faults. Fault cutoffs, growth strata and the Neogene unconformity developed in the LHWD verify that the activity of right-lateral strike-slip from the late Eocene to Neogene (ca. 43–23 Ma). The study indicates that the right-lateral strike-slip played an important role in controlling the structural deformation and evolution of the LHWD in the early Cenozoic. Moreover, the front structural wedge generated the gross morphology of the Xinlongtai anticline and developed the Lengdong faulted anticline during the late Eocene, and the back structural wedge refolded the Lengdong faulted anticline zone in the late Eocene to the early Oligocene. Wrench-related structures (the Chenjia thrust fault and the en echelon normal faults) were developed during the late Oligocene. Uniform subsidence in the Neogene to Quaternary. Furthermore, the driving force of the right-lateral strike-slip deformation was originated from N–S extension stress related to the opening of the Japan Sea and NE–SW compression, as the far-field effect of India–Eurasia convergence. 相似文献
16.
Two models with different boundary conditions were carried out to simulate the structural evolution of the Kekeya-Hetian fold-and-thrust belt and Kashi-Yecheng strike-slip belt in the eastern margin of Pamir salient, respectively. The analogue modeling results show that: (1) Both of the Kekeya-Hetian fold-and-thrust belt and Kashi-Yecheng strike-slip belt in the eastern margin of Pamir salient were formed under compressive shearing. Strike-slip faults occurred within both of the belts, but the displacement of these strike-slip faults in the Kekeya-Hetian fold-and-thrust belt is less than that in the Kashi-Yecheng strike-slip belt; (2) The Kekeya-Hetian fold-and-thrust belt is mainly under the influence of compression stress with weaker shearing stress while the Kashi-Yecheng strike-slip belt is mainly under the influence of shearing stress with oblique compressive stress. The strike-slip faults are mainly located in the piedmont within these two belts. The effect of the strike-slip fault diminishes towards the front of the thrust belt (to the interior basin); (3) In the front of the boundary strike-slip faults (to the interior basin), the intersecting arc thrust faults occurred successively along the shortening direction. These structural features demonstrated that the structures evolved northwards in the eastern margin of Pamir salient; (4) The oblique compression does not necessarily result in high angle faults or vertical faults, whereas low-middle angle thrust faults with strike-slip displacement are also possible. Hence, more attention should be paid to such thrust faults during the structural analysis of seismic profiles in the eastern margin of Pamir salient (e.g. the structural belts in piedmont of western Tarim Basin). © 2017, Science Press. All right reserved. 相似文献
17.
Vladimir A.SANKOV Anna V.PARFEEVETS Andrey I.MIROSHNITCHENKO Aleksey V.SANKOV Amgalan BAYASGALAN Sodnomsambuu DEMBEREL 《地学前缘》2022,29(1):245-265
阿穆尔板块西部边界在蒙古境内的空间位置尚不清楚,并且活动断层构造及其沿线地壳的应力状态研究较少。本文在沿此边界的三个区域——杭爱—肯特构造鞍部、布尔古特地块(鄂尔浑—土拉交汇处)和色楞格地块(包括色楞格凹陷和布伦—努鲁隆起),利用空间图像解译、地形起伏度分析、地质构造资料以及构造压裂和沿裂缝位移资料重建构造古应力,对活动断层进行研究。研究表明,活动断裂继承了古生代和中生代古构造的非均质性。这些断层沿着板块边界并不是单一的带,而是成簇的。它们的运动取决于走向:亚纬向断层是具有一定逆分量的左旋走滑断层,北西向断层是逆断层或逆冲断层,通常具有右旋走滑分量,海底断层是右旋走滑断层,北东向断层是正断层。位于色楞格凹陷和杭爱东部的断裂构造的活动始于上新世。逆断层和走滑断层与上新世情况不符,但多与更新世地貌相符,表明其活动年代较晚,为更新世时期。利用构造断裂和沿断裂的位移,重建活动断裂带变形末阶段的应力应变状态,结果表明断裂在最大挤压轴的北北东和北东方向上以压缩和走滑为主。只有在色楞格凹陷内,以扩张和走滑类型的应力张量为主,且在最小挤压轴的北西走向尤为显著。在南部,杭爱东部(鄂尔浑地堑)内有1个以扩张机制为主的局部区域,说明蒙古中部断裂在更新世—全新世阶段的活动以及现代地震活动主要受与印度斯坦和欧亚大陆汇聚过程相关的东北方向的附加水平挤压的控制。使研究区地壳产生走滑变形、贝加尔湖裂谷发散活动以及阿穆尔板块东南运动的另一个因素是东南方向软流圈流动对岩石圈底部的影响。阿穆尔板块和蒙古地块之间的边界在构造结构上是零碎的,代表了覆盖整个蒙古西部变形带的边缘部分。 相似文献
18.
塔里木盆地塔北隆起发育两组呈小角度相交(40°)的透入性X型走滑断裂,分别沿着NNE走向和NNW延伸。在对塔北哈拉哈塘地区三维地震资料解释的基础上,对走滑断层的几何展布特征以及断层的剖面变形特征进行研究;同时重点解析了RP6断裂和HA13断裂,分析比较NNW向与NNE向断层的变形及发育特征差异;结合盆地重磁资料以及周缘造山带的活动特征,对塔北隆起小角度的X型走滑断层的发育机制以及演化进行了分析。研究表明,塔北隆起走滑断层在垂向上具有明显的分层变形特征,分为三个构造层:震旦系-中寒武统下构造层(TH3界面以下)、上寒武统-中奥陶统中构造层(TH3-TO3t界面)和上奥陶统-石炭系上构造层(TO3t-TP界面)。断层在下构造层和中构造层中整体处于压扭环境,多发育正花状构造;上构造层中断层主要发育负花状构造或正断层,整体处于张扭环境。两组断裂比较,NNW向断裂活动性强,在各构造层中均有显著的断裂特征发育,垂向连通性强,发育先存基底断裂,而NE向断层主要发育在中构造层,在下构造层和上构造层中断层发育不明显。活动性分析表明,断层的形成与演化具有多期性,走滑断层的形成经历了三期主要活动:中寒武世末、中晚奥陶世和志留纪-石炭纪。塔北隆起X型走滑断裂的形成受到了NNW向基底断裂和薄弱带的控制,NNW向先存基底断裂带或薄弱带优先发育走滑断裂,基底断裂与主挤压应力方向的夹角小于45°-Φ/2,NNE断层的发育受NNW向先存断裂限制,最终形成小角度相交的X型断裂。 相似文献
19.
Maher A. El Amawy Ahmed M. Muftah Mohamed Abd El-Wahed Aymn Nassar 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2011,4(7-8):1067-1085
Al Jabal Al Akhdar is a NE/SW- to ENE/WSW-trending mobile part in Northern Cyrenaica province and is considered a large sedimentary belt in northeast Libya. Ras Al Hilal-Al Athrun area is situated in the northern part of this belt and is covered by Upper Cretaceous–Tertiary sedimentary successions with small outcrops of Quaternary deposits. Unmappable and very restricted thin layers of Palaeocene rocks are also encountered, but still under debate whether they are formed in situ or represent allochthonous remnants of Palaeocene age. The Upper Cretaceous rocks form low-lying to unmappable exposures and occupy the core of a major WSW-plunging anticline. To the west, south, and southeast, they are flanked by high-relief Eocene, Oligocene, and Lower Miocene rocks. Detailed structural analyses indicated structural inversion during Late Cretaceous–Miocene times in response to a right lateral compressional shear. The structural pattern is themed by the development of an E–W major shear zone that confines inside a system of wrench tectonics proceeded elsewhere by transpression. The deformation within this system revealed three phases of consistent ductile and brittle structures (D1, D2, and D3) conformable with three main tectonic stages during Late Cretaceous, Eocene, and Oligocene–Early Miocene times. Quaternary deposits, however, showed at a local scale some of brittle structures accommodated with such deformation and thus reflect the continuity of wrenching post-the Miocene. D1 deformation is manifested, in Late Cretaceous, via pure wrenching to convergent wrenching and formation of common E- to ENE-plunging folds. These folds are minor, tight, overturned, upright, and recumbent. They are accompanied with WNW–ESE to E–W dextral and N–S sinistral strike-slip faults, reverse to thrust faults and pop-up or flower structures. D2 deformation initiated at the end of Lutetian (Middle Eocene) by wrenching and elsewhere transpression then enhanced by the development of minor ENE–WSW to E–W asymmetric, close, and, rarely, recumbent folds as well as rejuvenation of the Late Cretaceous strike-slip faults and formation of minor NNW–SSE normal faults. At the end of Eocene, D2 led to localization of the movement within E–W major shear zone, formation of the early stage of the WSW-plunging Ras Al Hilal major anticline, preservation of the contemporaneity (at a major scale) between the synthetic WNW–ESE to E–W and ENE–WSW strike-slip faults and antithetic N–S strike-slip faults, and continuity of the NW–SE normal faults. D3 deformation is continued, during the Oligocene-Early Miocene, with the appearance of a spectacular feature of the major anticline and reactivation along the E–W shear zone and the preexisting faults. Estimating stress directions assumed an acted principal horizontal stress from the NNW (N33°W) direction. 相似文献
20.
The Dead Sea Basin is a morphotectonic depression along the Dead Sea Transform. Its structure can be described as a deep rhomb-graben (pull-apart) flanked by two block-faulted marginal zones. We have studied the recent tectonic structure of the northwestern margin of the Dead Sea Basin in the area where the northern strike-slip master fault enters the basin and approaches the western marginal zone (Western Boundary Fault). For this purpose, we have analyzed 3.5-kHz seismic reflection profiles obtained from the northwestern corner of the Dead Sea. The seismic profiles give insight into the recent tectonic deformation of the northwestern margin of the Dead Sea Basin. A series of 11 seismic profiles are presented and described. Although several deformation features can be explained in terms of gravity tectonics, it is suggested that the occurrence of strike-slip in this part of the Dead Sea Basin is most likely. Seismic sections reveal a narrow zone of intensely deformed strata. This zone gradually merges into a zone marked by a newly discovered tectonic depression, the Qumran Basin. It is speculated that both structural zones originate from strike-slip along right-bending faults that splay-off from the Jordan Fault, the strike-slip master fault that delimits the active Dead Sea rhomb-graben on the west. Fault interaction between the strike-slip master fault and the normal faults bounding the transform valley seems the most plausible explanation for the origin of the right-bending splays. We suggest that the observed southward widening of the Dead Sea Basin possibly results from the successive formation of secondary right-bending splays to the north, as the active depocenter of the Dead Sea Basin migrates northward with time. 相似文献