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1.
作为轻质、高压缩性、弹性大的材料,橡胶加筋土已成功在岩土工程中应用。许多学者对常温条件下的橡胶加筋土进行了一系列静力和动力性能的研究。然而,我国作为世界第三大冻土国家,冻结状态下橡胶加筋膨胀土(Expansion Soil-Rubber,ESR)的动力特性研究还相对处于空白。本文通过低温动三轴试验,研究了冻结条件下橡胶加筋膨胀土(ESR)的动力响应特性,阐释了橡胶掺量对ESR的影响。结果表明:(1)冻结时ESR的滞回曲线呈椭圆形,随橡胶掺量的增加,滞回曲线逐渐变扁平;(2)ESR的剪应力略低于素膨胀土,在橡胶掺量为10%时,ESR的剪应力最小;(3)随着橡胶掺量和剪应变的增大,ESR的剪切模量逐渐减小;(4)在冻结过程中,素膨胀土与ESR的阻尼比皆随剪应变的增加而减小,相比于素膨胀土,ESR的阻尼比要更大。 相似文献
2.
断层电子自旋共振定年中石英信号强度的影响因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
电子自旋共振(ESR)是一种利用矿物在地质环境中的累计辐射能进行测年的技术方法,它采用的测年矿物石英广泛分布,并具有记录断层作用良好的计时零点,是同位素测年的重要补充。ESR信号强度是决定ESR年龄精确度的关键因素,但是各种参数条件对测量结果的影响方式及其程度缺乏系统研究。本文以取自断层带石英的一种顺磁中心——E’心为研究对象,运用单因素重复性实验方法,分析石英ESR定年中5种影响因素与ESR信号强度的相关关系。结果表明,微波功率、调制幅度、扫描宽度是影响ESR信号强度的主控因素,样品管方位及直径对测量结果影响不大。微波功率0.02~0.1 m W、调制幅度0.25~0.4 Gs可作为精确测量断层泥石英E’心普适性的参数区间,过大或过小的扫描宽度均不利于ESR测量,可利用在大扫描宽度条件下先预扫描再精细扫描的方法确定合适的扫描宽度,重复测量后求取平均值可有效降低测量误差。利用本文提出的参数区间及其确定的方法测量断层泥石英的E’心信号强度,能显著提高ESR测量精度。 相似文献
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4.
电子自旋共振(ESR)技术是一种确定物质成分和结构的顺磁性质的分析方法,也能够用于沉积物定年。该方法的测量技术和测年的物理机制等还处于发展阶段。冰川作用过程十分复杂,形成各种类型的冰川沉积物,其顺磁信号的归零机制有显著差异,ESR测年的实验方案也有所差异。因此,识别冰碛物类型,采集合适的样品对于ESR测年的准确性十分重要。冰下融出碛和滞碛经过了冰下磨蚀过程,结构致密,细颗粒基质含量高,石英砂中的一些杂质芯的ESR信号能够衰退。许多冰上融出碛,结构疏松,但细颗粒基质含量高,不但经过了搬运过程中的冰下磨蚀过程使ESR信号衰退,又经历了沉积时的冰上阳光直射过程使信号衰退,一些样品的ESR信号能够完全晒退。冰水湖泊和冰水河流沉积的细砂和粉砂来源于冰下研磨的产物,信号会衰退;在搬运沉积过程中又可能被阳光直射,信号进一步衰退。其它类型的冰碛物的ESR信号衰退机制不明,或粒径不适合用ESR方法测年。采集冰碛物ESR年代样品时,最好同时采集信号衰退机制相同的现代冰碛物样品,以便对照,并用于扣除可能的残留信号。 相似文献
5.
石英ESR测年信号衰退特征研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
电子自旋共振(ESR)测年法是第四纪地质年代学的重要测试方法之一,其测年范围广,特别是对于20万年至百万年尺度的第四纪样品有着重要意义.准确测量古剂量是影响ESR测年法精度和可信度的重要因素之一,而掌握ESR信号衰退特征及机制是获得准确、可信古剂量的重要前提.ESR测年法适用的地质样品种类较多,如热液石英脉、地质断层泥、水系沉积物等,不同样品的ESR信号衰退特征和机制有较大差异.近年来,国内外学者针对不同地质样品中石英ESR信号的衰退特征和机制深入开展了一系列的实验室模拟和野外观测研究,取得了诸多新认识.回顾了近年来在石英ESR信号衰退特征领域取得的进展,特别是水系沉积物石英ESR信号的衰退特征,并展望了这一领域的未来工作重点. 相似文献
6.
电子自旋共振（ESR）化石测年研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对ＥＳＫ测年样品的累积剂量和剂量率测量进行了讨论，并对化石样品年龄及其误差计算模式进行了探讨。对北京猿人洞牙化石釉质层的铡年研究表明，年龄数据稳定可靠，可与有关测年法结果对比。ＥＳＲ化石测年法已成为当前唯一能直接测定化石年龄大于４０万年的测年方法，对古人类演化研究具有重大意义。 相似文献
7.
文章介绍了ＥＳＲ谱仪低温杜瓦差的研制原理和方法以及应用它在液氮温度下研究孔雀石中的Ｃｕ＾２＋和天然刚玉中Ｔｉ＾３＋存在形式的实验结果。 相似文献
8.
Tatsuro Fukuchi 《Quaternary Science Reviews》1988,7(3-4)
No direct method for dating the fault movement has been hitherto established, except ESR dating whose applicability is disputed however. The most serious question in ESR dating is whether accumulated ESR signals are completely reset at the time of fault movement. When the defect centres are partially preserved at the time of previous faulting, the date obtained is uncertain. We have shown (Fukuchi et al., 1985, 1986), however, that we can judge correctly whether ESR signals were completely reset or not when the ESR signal counting is done for multiple ESR centres of different stabilities for resetting. From the data for completely reset centres, actual date of fault movement can be calculated.This multiple centre method was tested with samples whose ESR signal intensities are judged to be about zero at the time of fault movement. The result, which confirms the applicability for the fault movement dated back to 100 ka BP, is presented in this paper. 相似文献
9.
电子自旋共振（ESR）是一种对断层物质、燧石、火山灰和沉积物（水系、风成、冰川）定年的重要方法,它广为接受的测年范围为第四纪。对断层泥和沉积物样品,石英ESR信号的不完全归零往往使ESR年龄偏老,多重ESR中心法和颗粒大小“平顶判据”是判断信号归零特征的两种有效方法。为将ESR测年范围拓展至前第四纪,通常采用石英氧空位在加热转化后极大增强的E’心作为测年信号,但由于石英氧空位形成转化机理不明确,加热后增强的ESR信号与地质年龄的相关性有待进一步验证。近期研究表明石英ESR的封闭温度为49 ℃～82 ℃,可在比磷灰石（U-Th）/He更低的温度区间内研究地球近地表的构造演化过程。释光技术热年代学研究发展迅速,与之测年原理接近的ESR在低温热年代学领域展现了良好的应用前景,它与释光及磷灰石（U-Th）/He可相互比对、共同提高地球近地表构造和地形演化问题的分析精度。 相似文献
10.
《Quaternary Science Reviews》2003,22(10-13):1329-1334
In optically stimulated luminescence dating, apparent ages of individual grains are thought to reflect a wide distribution of initial bleaching levels in hard to bleach sediments. Although having a larger age range (up to 1 Ma and beyond), this approach has not been used yet in electron spin resonance (ESR) dating. Here we report on the first results of ESR measurements on single sedimentary quartz grains. Initial bleaching levels are evaluated for two different River Meuse deposits in Limburg, NE Belgium. Measurements were done with a Q-band ESR spectrometer on transparent quartz grains of sufficiently large diameter (0.5–0.7 mm). Single crystal ESR properties were used to identify different ESR active centres. In about 50% of the selected grains an Al and/or Ti–Li signal was detected and the latter has been selected for further measurements. Artificial bleaching experiments show a strong signal decrease with UV light exposure. After gamma-ray irradiation, a number of different signal intensity vs. artificial dose curves could be observed: exponential growth, exponential saturation, linear, with inflexion points, and unclear ones. Many grains show increasing ESR signals with doses up to 1000 Gy, suggesting that the age range could be extended over 1 Ma, covering the Middle Pleistocene and part of the Early Pleistocene. Accumulated doses of individual grains were calculated using the additive dose method. The results show a large dose distribution of individual grains for both deposits. It is concluded that insufficiently bleached grains can be detected using single grain ESR measurements of sedimentary quartz in a fluvial environment. 相似文献
11.
Mathieu Duval Christophe Falguères Jean‐Jacques Bahain Rainer Grün Qingfeng Shao Maxime Aubert John Hellstrom Jean‐Michel Dolo Jordi Agusti Bienvenido Martínez‐Navarro Paul Palmqvist Isidro Toro‐Moyano 《第四纪科学杂志》2011,26(6):603-615
The palaeontological site of Venta Micena (Orce, Andalusia, Spain) lies in the eastern sector of the Guadix–Baza basin, one of the best documented areas in Europe for Plio‐Pleistocene biostratigraphy. The combination of biochronological and palaeomagnetic results, combined with the radiometric data obtained for Atapuerca Sima del Elefante, indicated that the Venta Micena stratum was formed between the Jaramillo and Olduvai palaeomagnetic events, most likely between 1.22 and 1.77 Ma. Five fossil teeth from two outcrops (sites A and B) were selected to assess the potential of combined uranium series–electron spin resonance (US‐ESR) dating of Early Pleistocene sites. Although the US‐ESR results of the first outcrop showed a large scatter between the three teeth, the mean age of 1.37 ± 0.24 Ma can be considered a reasonable age estimate for Venta Micena. The mean ESR age of 0.62 ± 0.03 Ma obtained for site B seems to be a severe underestimation when compared with the independent age control. This underestimation is attributed to a relative recent U‐mobilization event that led to some U‐leaching. The results show that any ESR age calculations of old samples are extremely sensitive to variations in the measured 230Th/234U ratios in dental tissues. Although the results demonstrate that ESR can in principle be applied to Early Pleistocene sites, they also reveal the complexity of dating such old teeth. It is necessary to continue research in several directions, such as study of the behaviour of ESR signals in old teeth and understanding recent U‐mobilization processes, to improve the reliability of the combined US‐ESR dating method applied to Early Pleistocene times, a period for which the number of available numerical dating techniques is very limited. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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13.
《Quaternary Science Reviews》2003,22(10-13):1345-1351
In the last 20 years, the electron spin resonance (ESR) dating method has allowed the establishment of a chronological time frame over most of the history of human evolution. Despite many difficulties found for ESR dating of bones and carbonates, tooth enamel dated by ESR has been proven as a reliable method in its application to fossil teeth and quartz. Both of the latter materials have allowed dating of Early and Middle Pleistocene sites which are not datable using other methods such as the Argon–Argon method. In particular, recent discoveries of human remains in western Europe have been proposed to be sites of the earliest arrival of humans there, and have been dated to the Early Pleistocene by ESR using quartz and tooth enamel.Combined ESR and U-series dating of fossil herbivore teeth are the only means of dating layers from which such ancient remains have been recovered in western Europe. Good examples are the sites of Atapuerca Gran Dolina, Spain and Visogliano, Italy which have been dated using tooth enamel.When no bones and teeth can be found in prehistoric sites, ESR dating on quartz extracted from sediments has been used to date sites whose ages range over the entire Quaternary period. We present here two examples that occur in fluvial terraces of the river Creuse, France and at Monte Poggiolo site, Italy, where several artefacts of an archaic pebble industry have been recovered. 相似文献
14.
江南隆起带北缘新生代构造演化的石英ESR年代学研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
运用α石英热活化ESR定年法对江南隆起带北缘35件样品进行了研究。结果显示,江南隆起带北缘的石英脉ESR年龄范围在195.8~3.4 Ma之间,主要集中在喜山期(75~3.4 Ma)。结合其他地质证据,江南隆起带北缘新生代构造演化可以划分为伸展断陷期(75~61.5 Ma)和挤压隆升期(43.2~3.4 Ma)两个阶段。前者以发育正断层和断陷盆地为特征,后者以重力滑脱构造为特征。喜山期的构造作用对先存构造进行了强烈的改造,包括南华北、中下扬子和江南隆起带北缘的整个中国东部地区在喜山期都经历了显著的构造活动。ESR测年结果与江南隆起带已有地质事实相吻合,检验了ESR测年的可靠性。 相似文献
15.
近些年,宇宙成因核素暴露年代、光释光和放射性碳埋藏年代等方法在第四纪冰碛物的年代测定中已经取得显著进展.但对于第四纪冰川沉积物10万年甚至百万年以上的冰碛物样品的埋藏年代和暴露年代,由于方法自身问题或沉积物后期地质地貌过程的改造,使上述方法存在定年方面的挑战.而电子自旋共振（ESR）广泛的测年范围,使其在第四纪样品的测年中发挥着不可替代的作用.目前,石英ESR信号的衰退特征已有许多研究进展,但是对于冰碛物中的ESR信号的研究还很少.ESR测年方法由于缺乏测年机理的研究,西方学者和国内一些测年学者对这种方法的定年存有疑虑.因此,我们在典型冰川区开展对冰碛物中石英砂ESR信号变化的机理研究,得到人工研磨可以使ESR信号强度下降到原来值的53%~69%,但并不能使ESR信号完全归零.如果在以后的研究中能够找出这些残留信号值大小,并予以扣除,将会大大提高ESR冰碛物测年精度.在今后的研究中应探求其测年机理,提高测试样品的石英纯度,增强ESR测年信号的精度,使这种方法成为冰碛物交叉测年中独立可信的测年方法之一,为第四纪冰川研究中的老冰碛物的定年提供准确的年代依据. 相似文献
16.
《Quaternary Science Reviews》2003,22(10-13):1339-1343
The Wangsan fault is exposed at Kyeongju, Korea. The andesite is unconformably covered by Quaternary alternating conglomerate and sandstone deposits. The unconformity is cut by the thrust fault which displaces a hanging wall block of about 30 m. Exposed at the surface of this fault is a light gray and brown fault gouge, about 40–120 cm thick. In order to test the consistency of ESR ages from a single fault gouge zone, we collected six gouge samples systematically along and across the Wangsan fault. We found that six samples collected from the same gouge zone show consistent ESR date estimates (average 550 ka). Because fault rock is rare along faults in unconsolidated sediments due to low confining stress near the surface, we consider that this fault gouge has been moved up with the hanging wall block along the fault. The estimated average uplift rate of the hanging wall block is about 0.04 cm/year based on the age of the displaced Quaternary deposits (vertical separation; about 20 m) dated by OSL dating methods. The depth of the fault gouge at the time of reactivation, which was estimated from uplift rate and the ESR ages, is about 220 m. Therefore, we conclude that the results of ESR age estimates represent the time of reactivation of the fault gouge at a depth of 220 m in the past during fault movement, because later movements which occurred during uplift near the surface may not have zeroed ESR signals significantly for ESR dating of fault movements. 相似文献
17.
WU Zhenhan JIANG Wan Peter Blisniuk BI Siwen ZHANG Shukun Olaf Kuchel MAO Yi Institute of Geomechanics CAGS Minzu Xueyuan Nanlu Beijing Institut fur Geowissenschaften Universitat Potsdam Postfach D- Potsdam Germany Liu Xinzhu 《《地质学报》英文版》1999,73(3):289-293
The Shuanghu basin is a NE-trending rift basin bounded by NE-striking normal faults and NW-striking shear-extensional faults of the northern Tibetan Plateau. Four samples from calcite veins in marginal faults and one sample from mudstone (S-3) were collected for dating the evolution of the Shuanghu basin by using the ESR spectrograph of EXM-type. Ages were calculated according to the close-equilibrium model on the basis of the measured ESR signal spectra of samples, providing good chronological information. It is known from the ESR dating that the extensional faulting and rifting of the Shuanghu area began at 4.92 Ma B.P., followed by regional folding in 3.56-1.36 Ma, NW-striking faulting in 0.60 Ma and normal faulting in 0.024 Ma in the Shuanghu basin. 相似文献
18.
Ervan G. Garrison 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1989,16(8):767-773
A study of the ESR signal complex in flints was used to examine its origin within the mineral. One component of the ESR spectrum,
known to be a trapped hole, was confirmed to be a structural defect of the silica fraction of flint. The relationship of this
center to that seen in natural quartz and glass is discussed. The defect has importance for geochronological direct-dating
as it is shown to anneal and regenerate in a systematic manner in flints. 相似文献
19.
运用α石英热活化ESR定年法对东秦岭—大别造山带南、北缘58件样品进行了研究。结果显示,东秦岭—大别造山带南、北缘ESR年龄范围主要集中在晚白垩世以来(99.2～3.4 Ma)。结合区域地质事实分析,晚白垩世以来,东秦岭—大别造山带南缘的构造演化可划分为73.1～52.3 Ma伸展断陷期、39.1～27.2 Ma伸展-挤压的转换期和22.8～3.4 Ma挤压期;东秦岭—大别造山带北缘的构造演化可划分为89～70.1 Ma挤压隆升期、61.6～43.2 Ma伸展断陷期、37.2～22.6 Ma伸展-挤压的转换期和15.6～3.9 Ma挤压期。东秦岭—大别造山带南缘和北缘新生代构造演化特征基本相同,但是受多种因素控制,东秦岭—大别造山带南、北缘晚白垩世的构造演化存在较大差异。ESR测年结果与东秦岭—大别造山带南、北缘已有的地质事实相吻合,验证了ESR测年的可靠性。 相似文献
20.
G. Schellmann U. Radtke E. -K. Potter T. M. Esat M. T. McCulloch 《Quaternary International》2004,120(1):41
Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating of coral has become an efficient geochronological tool in supporting morphostratigraphic studies carried out on Barbados during the last 10 years. The newly developed approach for DE determination (DE–Dmax plot procedure) improves the precision of ESR dating of Pleistocene coral, and therefore permits differentiation between the main marine isotope stages (MIS) 5, 7, 9 and 11 and also between sub-stages 5e, c and a. This study compares results of ESR and TIMS Uranium series dating (U/Th) of emergent Last Interglacial coral reef terraces from Barbados, and presents some implications for the timing and extent of sea-level changes during marine isotope stages (MIS) 5e, c and a. Both dating methods indicate a distinct formation of up to three coral reef terraces during MIS 5e, at approximately 132 ka (ESR) to 128 ka (U/Th), at c. 128 ka (ESR) and at c. 120 ka (U/Th) to 118 ka (ESR). It is also highly probable that three reef terraces were developed during MIS 5c between c. 103 ka (U/Th) and 105 ka (ESR). The formation of two separate coral reefs during MIS 5a is recognized for the first time on Barbados, with an age estimate for the older MIS 5a-2 reef of 85 ka (ESR) or 84 ka (U/Th), and an age estimate for the younger MIS 5a-1 reef terraces of 74 ka (ESR) or 77 ka (U/Th). Assuming a constant uplift rate of 0.276 m/ka at the south coast of Barbados, sea-level reached its maximum during MIS 5e-3 and MIS 5e-2 between 132 and 128 ka ago. After this, sea-level declined reaching a level of c. −11 m below present sea level approx. 118–120 ka ago (MIS 5e-1). During the substage 5c sea-level was generally lower than in substage 5e. It reached relative maxima at c. −13, −20 and −25 m during MIS 5c (approx. 105 ka) and formed three distinct coral reef terraces probably in relative short time intervals. For the first time, a double sea-level oscillation is recognized on Barbados during MIS 5a: an early MIS 5a-2 (c. 85 ka) with a sea-level places at approx. −21 m, and a late MIS 5a-1 sub-stage (c. 74 or 77 ka) with a sea-level at approx. –19 m below present sea level. 相似文献