共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 316 毫秒
1.
深部盐岩蠕变特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对湖北云应的盐岩和泥岩,以及江苏金坛盐岩的单轴、三轴蠕变试验结果的分析,研究了包括应力、围压等外在条件以及内部组成结构对盐岩蠕变特性的影响。发现盐岩无论在何种围压下,稳态蠕变率都随偏应力的增加而显著地增大;围压起到限制变形的作用,而随着围压增高,围压对稳态蠕变率的影响越来越小;晶粒越大和杂质含量越多,盐岩的蠕变属性越弱。盐岩的蠕变变形是应变硬化和回复效应等内部变形机制共同作用的结果,选用内应力作为内变量可用来描述这种内部微观结构的演化过程。对云应盐岩的多级加载蠕变试验数据进行拟合,确定了非线性蠕变本构方程中的参数,理论与试验结果的比较表明,两者吻合性较好。 相似文献
2.
在能源地下储存及废弃物地下处置库的设计、施工、运行中,岩盐的强度和变形特征是极为重要的参数。正确地获得岩盐的强度参数对地下储存库的设计和安全运行具有重要意义。分别选定江苏金坛和湖北江汉岩样作为试验样本,通过三轴压缩试验获得岩盐短期强度和变形的力学参数,比较并总结了以德国为代表的欧美国家与国内试验方法及数据处理方式的异同。同时介绍了德国短期强度试验确定岩盐损伤起始点的方法及其不足,提出了更为精确地确定方法并确定了金坛岩盐损伤起始点。分析发现:对于大变形岩盐,国内测量的强度数据普遍偏高,应采用横截面积修正以及科学应变代替工程应变的度量方式。 相似文献
3.
盐岩油气储库介质地质力学模型相似材料的研制 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
以江苏金坛盐岩地下油气储库为示范工程,以精铁粉、重晶石粉、石英砂、一级松香和医用酒精为原料,根据相似原理以及金坛盐岩油气储库地层中盐岩、泥岩和盐岩夹层的实测物理力学参数,开展了各种配比条件下材料的单轴压缩、三轴压缩、直剪和巴西劈裂试验,通过原岩和模型材料的重度、泊松比、弹性模量、抗压强度、抗拉强度、黏聚力、内摩擦角等基本物理力学参数以及相应变形特征和强度破坏特性的对比分析,研制出基本满足相似条件要求的盐岩油气储库介质（盐岩、泥岩和盐岩夹层）的地质力学模型相似材料,为开展盐岩地下油气储库运营的变形与失效破坏地质力学模型试验提供了可靠的材料保证。 相似文献
4.
为研究花岗岩在三轴循环加卸载条件下气体渗透率的演化规律,利用岩石多场耦合三轴试验仪分别对花岗岩进行三轴恒下限分级循环加卸载试验和气体渗透试验。试验结果表明：加载曲线与上一次循环卸载曲线形成塑性滞回环,随着循环次数的增加,每个循环应力下限的轴向应变也随之增加;前期几个循环试样体积压缩明显,以轴向压缩变形为主,后期轴向应力达到一定数值时体积由压缩转为扩容,裂纹发展方向偏向于轴向方向,均呈剪切脆性破坏;气体渗透率变化分为稳定下降阶段、缓慢增加阶段、急剧上升阶段3个阶段,试样脆性破坏后气体渗透率均上升2～3个数量级;体积应变曲线拐点与横向应变曲线结合起来可以作为研究岩石渗透率变化规律的一个重要参考因素。 相似文献
5.
盐岩三轴卸荷力学特性试验研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
结合金坛地下盐穴储气库工程,以腔体围岩实际受力状态为研究依据,进行了盐岩卸围压力学特性试验,得到了盐岩卸围压过程的应力-应变关系、变形特征及其规律。试验结果表明,在卸围压初始阶段,试样的轴向和径向应变增加相对缓慢,且应变值和围压基本呈线性,随着围压继续降低,轴向与径向应变值急剧增加;卸载曲线与加载曲线相比,在最大主应力 相等的条件下,当卸载围压达到与常规三轴压缩围压相对应值时,对应的轴向和径向应变值较三轴压缩时应变值要大,表明卸荷试验能引起试样更大的变形,卸荷产生的扩容量比加载时扩容量更大,更容易导致试样变形破坏;盐岩卸围压表现为塑性变形特征,与其他硬岩卸围压属脆性破坏有较大区别。研究结果对盐穴储气库工程的稳定性评价和注采气过程具有一定的指导意义和参考价值。 相似文献
6.
Kristian Krabbenhøft Sergio Andres Galindo-Torres Xue Zhang Jørgen Krabbenhøft 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2019,43(17):2652-2666
A total stress model applicable to clays under undrained conditions is presented. The model involves three strength parameters: the undrained shear strengths in triaxial compression, triaxial extension, and simple shear. The amount of physical anisotropy implied by the model is a function of the relative magnitude of these three strengths assuming a Mises-type plastic potential. Elastoplastic deformation characteristics below failure are accounted for by a hardening law requiring two additional parameters that can be related to the axial strains halfway to failure in triaxial compression and extension. Finally, elasticity is accounted for by Hooke law. The result is a relatively simple model whose parameters can all be inferred directly from a combination of in situ and standard undrained laboratory tests. The model is applied to a problem involving the horizontal loading of a monopile foundation for which full scale tests have been previously conducted. The model shows good agreement with the measured data. 相似文献
7.
Summary A pillar failure at shallow depth of overburden, featuring the recent formation of subvertical open cracks in the rock was
observed. An extensive laboratory test program including Brazilian tests, uniaxial and triaxial compression tests for obtaining
strength and deformation characteristics of the limestone was executed. Strength from single and multiple failure triaxial
compression tests on intact rock and from tests on small scale rock mass specimens were obtained. Classification of the rock
mass was conducted for use with the Hoek-Brown strength criterion. Numerical analysis shows that the strength of the rock
mass exceeds by far the applied stress, suggesting a stable pillar. This typical rock engineering approach to assess rock
mass stability is shown to be inadequate. 相似文献
8.
Hossein Rafiei Renani C. Derek Martin Evert Hoek 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2016,34(1):297-312
The Christensen criterion, originally introduced in materials science, has a simple mathematical form and uniaxial tensile and compressive strength as the only parameters, making it an attractive candidate for rock engineering purposes. In this study, the applicability of the criterion to rock materials is examined. Explicit equations for application of the criterion under biaxial, triaxial compression, triaxial extension, and polyaxial states of stresses are derived. A comprehensive strength data set including the results of tests on synthetic rock, chert dyke, Carrara marble and Westerly granite is utilized to examine the accuracy of the Christensen criterion to the failure of rock material. The two surprising findings about the Christensen criterion are the zero values of tensile strength and the very low slopes of the failure envelope obtained from fitting analyses for chert dyke and Westerly granite. It is shown that the two problems are interrelated and the values of tensile strength tend to zero to produce higher slopes. It is then mathematically proven that the maximum initial slope of the Christensen failure envelope is limited to 4 in triaxial compression and 2.5 in triaxial extension which is considerably lower than the slope of experimental data. The accuracy of the Christensen criterion was found to be significantly lower than the well-established Hoek–Brown criterion. The circular π-plane representations and brittle-to-ductile transition limits from the Christensen criterion are also inconsistent with the observed behavior of rocks. 相似文献
9.
为研究地下盐穴储气库受间歇性周期注、采循环载荷作用下围岩的非连续疲劳破坏演化过程,对取自巴基斯坦的深层盐岩进行了室内三轴间隔疲劳试验研究,并分析了三轴状态下不同围压、不同应力等级对盐岩间隔疲劳的影响。试验结果表明：（1）与单轴间隔疲劳相比,围压的存在不仅提高了盐岩的抗压强度,而且增加了盐岩的疲劳寿命,围压越高增加的幅度越明显。（2）三轴间隔疲劳试验中,盐岩间隔后循环中的残余应变大于间隔前的残余应变。这与单轴间隔疲劳得到的结果一致,但围压的上升会导致盐岩的残余变形积累速度以及间隔前后循环残余的变形差值都减小。（3）随着应力等级的升高,残余应变以及时间间隔前后的残余应变差值都呈现增大的趋势。 相似文献
10.
为研究盐岩变形破坏过程中损伤变量和分形维数之间的关系,对取自某地的纯盐岩开展了单轴压缩和三轴压缩试验。在基于声发射振铃计数的损伤模型和基于声发射定位点空间演化的分形维数计算的基础上,对盐岩变化破坏过程中的损伤变量和分形维数进行了研究。研究表明：在盐岩变形破坏过程中,盐岩分形维数逐渐降低,损伤变量逐渐增加,且分形维数下降的各个阶段与损伤变量增加的各个阶段相对应;盐岩变形破坏前分形维数不再明显下降,且不同应力状态下,盐岩变形破坏前分形维数不同;随着围压增大,盐岩变形破坏前分形维数逐渐降低,其中单轴压缩和三轴压缩应力状态时,分形维数分别低于2.42和2.31、2.20时,预示着试件内部损伤开始汇集,逐渐形成宏观破裂面,导致试件变形破坏;围压对盐岩声发射活动有明显的抑制作用,随着围压的增大,盐岩变形破坏过程中声发射活动逐渐减少,且在此过程中可以发现：在应力加载初期,盐岩分形维数快速下降时所对应的应力百分比逐渐增大,在应力加载后期,当盐岩分形维数不再明显减小时对应的应力百分比逐渐增大;在盐岩变形破坏的加载初期,损伤变量较小,能量释放较少;盐岩变形破坏前损伤变量增加较快,能量快速释放。 相似文献
11.
基于一种脆性指标确定岩石残余强度 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩石的残余强度是岩石力学的重要指标,准确地评价岩石残余强度对于评价地下工程的稳定性以及优化岩体支护设计具有重要意义。基于岩石的三轴力学特性提出一种表征岩石峰后强度衰减行为的力学指标--岩石强度衰减系数,该指标可反映岩石的脆性程度,并提出岩石强度衰减系数与围压关系的幂函数模型。对22组不同成因的岩石常规三轴压缩试验数据进行幂函数模型参数拟合,发现不同岩石拟合所得参数离散性较大,分析其原因主要与岩石矿物组成和岩石结构特征等因素相关。在此基础上提出基于强度衰减方法确定岩石残余强度的方法,分析表明,该方法能够很好地拟合岩石残余强度试验数据,并能反映岩石结构性质对残余强度的影响。 相似文献
12.
为了探究川藏交通廊道沿线典型岩石冻融循环条件下的劣化规律,选取昌都-林芝段的花岗岩、片麻岩和砂岩为试验对象,开展冻融循环条件下岩石加卸荷试验,结果表明:（1）随着冻融循环次数的增加,岩石抗压强度损失率达30%,粘聚力降幅达18.4%,内摩擦角降幅达10.5%,弹性模量逐渐下降,泊松比逐渐增加;（2）三轴压缩试验中,岩样的变形模量呈现与抗压强度类似的劣化趋势,但是变形模量的劣化幅度比抗压强度劣化幅度大;冻融循环作用下岩石抗压强度越大劣化程度越低,对砂岩的劣化最明显,片麻岩次之,花岗岩最小;（3）与三轴压缩试验相比,在卸围压试验中,冻融循环作用对岩石的卸荷量同样有劣化作用,卸荷程度较小时岩石劣化并不明显,随着卸荷量的逐渐增加,卸荷量大于80%时,岩石的变形模量呈指数型下降,泊松比呈指数型增加;（4）随着冻融循环次数的增加,三轴压缩试验中由拉张和剪切破坏造成的裂纹数量增多;卸围压试验中岩石以拉张破坏为主;岩石微裂纹数量增加的同时,不平整度增加,矿物颗粒之间的胶结状态变差;（5）综合试验结果分析,冻融作用对岩石劣化作用最强的为砂岩,其次是片麻岩,最弱为花岗岩. 相似文献
13.
粗糙度是影响节理岩体强度与变形特性的重要因素之一。首先使用3D 打印机制作模具,并浇筑形成不同粗糙度（节理粗糙度系数JRC=2、7、12、17、22）的节理岩石试样。采用GCTS高温高压动静岩石三轴试验系统,对含有不同粗糙度节理岩石试样进行了三轴压缩试验,获得了不同粗糙度节理岩石试样的三轴应力–应变曲线,分析了JRC对岩石三轴强度和变形特性的影响规律,在三轴加载过程中采用声发射测试系统,分析了不同粗糙度节理岩石试样的声发射特性。运用数字三维视频显微系统观察节理面形态,讨论了不同围压下节理岩石试样峰值强度与JRC之间的关系。研究结果表明,节理面的存在直接导致节理岩石试样强度的大幅度降低,JRC对岩石破坏裂纹的形态、数量和空间分布特征亦有很大的影响,随着JRC值的增大,岩石节理面的抗剪强度增大,岩石试样的三轴抗压强度也会增大,岩石试样由脆性破坏转变为延性破坏。 相似文献
14.
15.
Fissures in natural rocks play an important role in determining the strength, deformability and failure behavior of rock mass. However in the past, triaxial compression experiments have rarely been conducted for rock materials containing three-dimensional (3-D) fissures and the failure mechanical behavior of fissured rocks is not well known due to the difficulty of conducting triaxial experiments on fissured rocks. Therefore in this research, conventional triaxial compression experiments were performed to study the strength, deformability and failure behavior of granite specimens with one preexisting open fissure. Thirty-one specimens were prepared to perform conventional triaxial compression tests for intact and fissured granite. First, based on the experimental results, the effects of the confining pressure and the fissure angle on the elastic modulus and the peak axial strain of granite specimens are analyzed. Second, the influence of the confining pressure on the crack damage threshold and the peak strength of granite with respect to various fissure angles are evaluated. For the same fissure angle, the crack damage threshold and the peak strength of granite both increase with the confining pressure, which is in good agreement with the linear Mohr–Coulomb criterion. With increasing fissure angle, the cohesion of granite first increases and later decreases, but the internal friction angle is not obviously dependent on the fissure angle. Third, nine crack types are identified to analyze the failure characteristics of granite specimens containing a single fissure under conventional triaxial compression. Finally, a series of X-ray microcomputed tomography (CT) observations were conducted to analyze the internal damage mechanism of granite specimens with respect to various fissure angles. Reconstructed 3-D CT images indicate obvious effects of confining pressure and fissure angle on the crack system of granite specimens. The study helps to elucidate the fundamental nature of rock failure under conventional triaxial compression. 相似文献
16.
Plane Strain Testing with Passive Restraint 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A plane strain condition for testing rock is developed through passive restraint in the form of a thick-walled cylinder. The so-called biaxial frame generates the intermediate principal stress that imposes a triaxial state of stress on a prismatic specimen. Major and minor principal stresses and corresponding strains are accurately measured, providing data to calculate the elastic (Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio), inelastic (dilatancy angle), and strength (friction angle and cohesion) parameters of the rock. Results of experiments conducted on Indiana limestone in plane strain compression are compared with the results of axisymmetric compression and extension. With proper system calibration, Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio are consistent among the tests. The plane strain apparatus enforces in-plane deformation with the three principal stresses at failure being different, and it allows one to determine the Paul-Mohr-Coulomb failure surface, which includes an intermediate stress effect. 相似文献
17.
岩石渐进破坏伴随着裂纹的开展发育,岩石的渗透性演化与裂纹的开展规律有着密切的联系。运用三轴渗流伺服装置对凝灰岩进行了不同围压和渗压下的渗流-应力耦合试验,分析了岩石在渐裂过程中不同裂纹开展阶段渗透率的演化规律。结果表明：在裂纹的稳定扩展阶段,渗透率的变化不明显,起裂强度对应的渗透率可用于确定最小渗透率;进入裂纹非稳定扩展阶段后,渗透率出现明显增大,增大过程可以分为两个阶段,裂纹环向应变能较好地反映渗透率增大的两个阶段,其拐点可用于确定起始渗透率的位置;在峰后软化阶段,渗透率出现下降并进入残余稳定阶段,裂纹环向应变率可以反映渗透率的下降阶段,并可用于确定峰值渗透率的位置。 相似文献
18.
We report the results of permeability measurements of fault gouge and tonalitic cataclasite from the fault zone of the Median Tectonic Line, Ohshika, central Japan, carried out during triaxial compression tests. The experiments revealed marked effects of deformation on the permeability of the specimens. Permeability of fault gouge decreases rapidly by about two orders of magnitude during initial loading and continues to decrease slowly during further inelastic deformation. The drop in permeability during initial loading is much smaller for cataclasite than for gouge, followed by abrupt increase upon failure, and the overall change in permeability correlates well with change in volumetric strain, i.e., initial, nearly elastic contraction followed by dilatancy upon the initiation of inelastic deformation towards specimen failure. If cemented cataclasite suffers deformation prior to or during an earthquake, a cataclasite zone may change into a conduit for fluid flow. Fault gouge zones, however, are unlikely to switch to very permeable zones upon the initiation of fault slip. Thus, overall permeability structure of a fault may change abruptly prior to or during earthquakes and during the interseismic period. Fault gouge and cataclasite have internal angles of friction of about 36° and 45°, respectively, as is typical for brittle rocks. 相似文献
19.
逾渗是一种分形模型,利用声发射点定位盐岩内部破坏网格来建立逾渗模型,可以分析三轴压缩条件下盐岩逾渗特征以及损伤演变发展。研究发现,各试样逾渗模型团簇(cluster)数与最大团簇占有率关系曲线斜率在70%应力峰值后基本相等,利用最大团簇沿试样轴向的延伸来描述裂缝的扩展规律,并通过最大团簇在轴向的延伸终点得到了各试样逾渗的临界破坏比率,它对于研究渗透陡增点非常重要。提出利用逾渗关联长度(关联长度?代表处于同一团簇中的两个点的平均距离)确定试样损伤起始点,并通过计算逾渗模型破坏比率得到损伤变量,它和基于AE振铃计数以及AE能量计算得到的损伤变量结果相近。研究结果表明,逾渗可以形象地表述岩石内部破裂过程和损伤情况,为研究岩石破坏失效及裂缝衍生发展提供了新的思路。 相似文献
20.
高温作用后花岗岩三轴压缩试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为综合考察温度、围压对花岗岩力学性质及破坏方式的影响,在高温（25℃～1 000 ℃）作用后,利用MTS815.02电液伺服材料试验系统对花岗岩岩样进行不同围压作用下的三轴压缩试验。研究结果表明,（1）围压一定时,经历不同高温作用后花岗岩三轴压缩全应力-应变曲线经历了压密、弹性、屈服、破坏、塑性流动5个阶段;（2）经历不同高温作用后岩样三轴抗压强度与围压呈非线性二次多项式增长关系,围压为40 MPa时的抗压强度比单轴抗压强度提高了382.30%;常规三轴压缩条件下,400 ℃是花岗岩力学参数的阀值温度;（3）经历高温作用后,岩样弹性模量随围压升高呈增大趋势,围压为40 MPa时的弹性模量比单轴时提高了90.26%;随温度升高呈二次非线性减小,1 000 ℃时的弹性模量比25℃时降低了57.16%;（4）花岗岩的失稳型式同时取决于围压和温度。单轴压缩状态下,随着温度的升高,岩样变形破坏型式由脆性破裂向塑性变形过渡,失稳型式在低温时为突发失稳、中高温为准突发失稳,温度高于800 ℃为渐进破坏;三轴压缩状态下,随着围压的增大,岩样破裂型式由脆性张拉破裂逐渐向剪切破裂过渡,岩样的失稳型式以突发失稳为主。在试验温压范围内,影响花岗岩力学性质的首要因素是温度,其次是围压。 相似文献