共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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断层气日变化及其和固体潮关系的试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了研究断怪气的日变化，探讨地下浅部气体和固体潮的关系，在怀来后郝窑地热区进行了试验和观测。研究了地下气体Ｈ２，ＣＯ２Ｈｇ等的日变化以及气温、气压、风速等对其影响，探讨地下浅层气体和固体潮的关系，认为Ｈ２，Ｈｇ等地下气体的和固体潮有一定的相关性。 相似文献
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地下水中气体动态变化与地震的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对位于北京城东光华热水井和城北小汤山温泉水中＾４Ｈｅ／＾２０Ｎｅ、＾４Ｈｅ／＾４０Ａｒ、Ｎ１／Ａｒ、Ｈ２／Ａｒ和ＣＯ２／Ａｒ比值监测资料的分析研究，阐述了气体在断层介质上的吸附与脱附的平衡原理，利用声发射振动作用合理地解释了地下水中的各若气体比值在地震前明显的异常变化机制。 相似文献
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隐伏断裂的地气测量及其意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
传统概念的地气测量是指地下上升到地表并扩散到大气空间的天然状态气体,如ＣＯ２、ＣＨ４、Ｒｎ、Ｈｇ、Ｈ２等。近十多年的研究证实地气还包含新新的内涵,即地壳岩石以及地表土壤中还存着痕量的金属与非金属气体,通过捕集这些气体,可以获得更多的深部地质构造、矿床信息。据报导,国内外的研究主要是在已知矿床上做的正演研究。本文是在已知隐伏断层构造上方地表,试验金属与非金属地气存在的可能性。 相似文献
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首次提出用石笋中稳定同位素记录重建由降雨量和降水气团同位素组成所反映的古气候历史，从而为研究高分辨率的古季风气候信息开辟了新的途径。利用Ｈｅｎｄｙ准则、洞穴温度、研究区水系的δ１８ＯＨ２Ｏ值以及温度公式，证实了同位素分析结果的可靠性，ＣａＣＯ３－Ｈ２Ｏ之间存在同位素平衡分馏。对采自石花洞的石笋样品进行了分辨率约为２５ａ的δ１８Ｏ和δ１３Ｃ的分析测量，从而得到３０００ａ以来，北京地区古气候和古环境的变化信息 相似文献
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１９９５年３月１９日，新疆和硕县那音克乡发生Ｍｓ５．０级地震。震前，乌鲁木齐地区地下水中溶解气体Ａｒ、ＣＨ４、ＣＯ２、Ｈ２Ｓ等和库尔勒地区的断层气Ｒｎ相继出现明显的异常。异常具有短期临震性质，主要表现为短期趋势升高，临震突跳。 相似文献
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利用洞穴石笋的δ^18O和δ^13C重建3000a以来北京地区古气候和古环… 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
首次提出用石笋中稳定同位素记录重建由降雨量和降水气团同位素组成所反映的古气候历史，从而为研究分辨率古季风气候信息开辟了新的途径，利用Ｈｅｎｄｙ准则，洞穴温度，研究区水系的δ＾１８ＯＨ２Ｏ值以及温度公式，证实了同位素分析结果的可靠性ＣａＣＯ３－Ｈ２Ｏ之间存在同位素平衡分馏，对采自石花洞的石笋样品进行了分辨率约在２５ａ的δ＾１８Ｏ和δ＾１３Ｃ的分析测量，从而得到３０００ａ以来，北京地区古气候和古环境的 相似文献
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泥炭样品不同有机组分的~(14)C测年的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
分别用ＮａＣｌＯ、ＮａＯＨ溶液、Ｎａ４Ｐ２Ｏ７和ＮａＯＨ混合溶液和有机溶剂对采自延庆盆地大王庄两个泥炭样品进行前处理，每个样品获得１０个不同有机组分，对这些有机组分的１４Ｃ年龄测定值进行对比。以探讨泥炭等样品不同有机组分１４Ｃ测年的可靠性 相似文献
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断层土壤气CO2含量快速测定法关键问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了提高断层土壤气CO2含量观测数据的映震效能,从测点选择、装置布设、观测方法、辅助测项4个方面对断层土壤气CO2含量快速测定法的关键问题做了全面研究,得出结论：（1）断层土壤气CO2含量测点应选择在活动断层破裂带上或紧邻破裂带的敏感地带,在测点选择时应结合地质资料和钻孔资料对预选址的地下岩石结构及其破裂程度进行研究或有效探测,不宜仅为了观测方便在现有地震台站随便选址;（2）断层土壤气CO2含量快速测定法的装置要尽可能布设得深人地下,至少应使测定孔深度超过地表以下0．5m,最好能够选择深人地表以下2．0m以上的深度,以尽量减少或不受地表生物层的影响,但在装置布设时也要充分考虑地下水位的变化情况;（3）在使用断层土壤气CO2含量快速测定法观测CO2含量变化的过程中应努力消除人为因素的影响,避免主观随意性,特别是应将CO2含量快速测定管放置到靠近测定孔的孔底位置,快速测定管底部开口应尽量保持一致且要使开口口径最大化,避免快速测定管触底;（4）测定孔内温度与断层土壤气CO2含量变化呈正相关,降雨量对断层土壤气CO2含量测值有负面的影响,同步进行测定孔内温度和降雨量辅助观测是必须的。鉴于气压变化与断层土壤气CO2含量变化有较强的负相关,建议在机理上进一步研究其影响,同时还应引入湿度作为断层土壤气CO2含量观测的辅助测项。 相似文献
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根据五大连池火山区的气体地球化学特征,分析了二氧化碳气的生成条件和成因,对火山区CO_2的泄出量进行了概算。通过一年定点观测,查明了南泉和二龙眼泉各气体组分的动态变化特征,认为南泉氢和氦于1988年2月～4月出现的大幅度异常和附近的小震活动有关 相似文献
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Paul Farrimond 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(5)
Gaseous components of gas inclusions in deep carbonate rocks (>5700 m) from the Tacan 1 well were analyzed by online mass spectrometry by means of either the stepwise heating technique or vacuum electromagnetism crushing. The carbon isotopic compositions of gases released by vacuum electromagnetism crushing were also measured. Although the molecular compositions of gas inclusions show differences between the two methods, the overall characteristics are that gas inclusions mainly contain CO2, whilst hydrocarbon gases, such as CH4, C2H6 and C3H8, are less abundant. The content of CO is higher in the stepwise heating experiment than that in the method of vacuum electromagnetism crushing, and there are only minor amounts of N2, H2 and O2 in gas inclusions. Methane δ13C values of gas inclusions in Lower Ordovician and Upper Cambrian rocks (from 5713.7 to 6422 m; -52‰-63‰) are similar to those of bacterial methane, but their chemical compositions do not exhibit the dry character in comparison with biogenic gases. These characteristics of deep gas inclusions may be related to the migration fractionation. Some deep natural gases with light carbon isotopic characteristics in the Tazhong Uplift may have a similar origin. The δ13C1 values of gas inclusions in Lower Cambrian rocks (7117-7124 m) are heavier (-39‰), consistent with highly mature natural gases. Carbon isotopic compositions of CO2 in the gas inclusions of deep carbonate rocks are similar (from -4‰ to -13‰) to those of deep natural gases, indicating predominantly an inorganic origin. 相似文献
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本文根据１９９３年６月至１９９４年１月滇西及其邻近地区数次中强以上地震前ＣＯ２，Ｎ２，Ａｒ，Ｒｎ等气体组分释放动态的观测结果，研究了气体的物质迁移对其前兆异常变化的影响，发现深，浅源气体的震前趋势性异常释放和短临突跳异常的发生时间具有明显的有序性，基本模式是源自深部的气体组分的震前异常变化总是上先于浅源气体，这种现象在强震发生前更为明显。作者认为，导致深一浅源气体异常变化有序发生的原因与气体物质迁 相似文献
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2008年汶川地震导致了大量地下含碳气体释放. 本文基于卫星高光谱数据采用差值法获取了汶川地震前后川西地区含碳气体异常的时空分布特征. 结果显示汶川地震前后不同含碳气体异常的时空分布特征不同. 空间分布上,CH4,CO2和CO异常分布于震中附近且受断裂控制明显,与热红外异常特征类似;CO和CO2异常的范围较CH4大,CO除沿断裂带分布外,在四川盆地也大面积出现. 异常出现时间上,CO2异常最早,其次为CH4和CO. 气体来源上,CO2和CH4主要来源于地球内部沿断裂带释放,在地球内部还原条件下,CH4还可由CO2还原形成;CO异常除了沿断裂带释放和由断裂带释放的CH4氧化生成外,还由四川盆地渗漏的CH4氧化生成. 本文结果可用于地震监测预测研究,不仅提供了新的地震前兆观测参数,还为地震热红外异常机制“地球放气温室效应”提供了科学依据,同时对地震引起的地质碳排放研究也有重要意义. 相似文献
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地下水逸出气动态特征形成机制的实验研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
通过研究管径和结构不同的井孔-含水气层物理模拟实验以及地下水、气补给量与逸出气动态的关系实验,得出地下水逸出气动态的最基本特征是突发、阵发,其形成机制在于逸出气运移、排放过程中存在积累-释放的往复过程。在地震等地质事件孕育、发生过程中,地壳应力、应变积累和释放可能引起的地下含水、气层的气体储存和迁移的场所空间及通道的变形、贯通或阻塞,地下水流速、流量的增减及气体发生、补给量等的变化,都能在逸出气动态中以爆发式地显示出来。由气体的性质致使逸出气在地震前兆观测中具有更灵敏、更显著的异常显示能力。 相似文献
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《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2002,129(3-4):185-204
The migration mechanisms of endogenous gases in the geosphere are defined in relation to the fluid-rock conditions and analyzed by basic transport equations. Upon examining the geological factors that influence the physical parameters in the equations in porous and fracture media, and considering the widespread high-permeability of deep subsurface rocks, in terms of fracture aperture, (orders of 10−2 to 101 mm at depths of thousands meters, as suggested by recent crustal surveys) advection of carrier gases, in its several forms (gas-phase flow, water displacement by gas, gas slugs and bubbles) seems to represent a major migration process. Accordingly, in contrast with early views, the role of gas diffusion and water advection in the transport of endogenous gas to the Earth surface should be strongly minimized in many contexts. In a wide range of geological settings, carrier gases (CO2, CH4) may assume a dominant role in controlling transport and redistribution toward the Earth’s surface of trace gases (Rn, He). Bubble movement in fissured rocks seems to be an effective way of rapid (gas velocities in the order of 100 to 103 m per day) and long-distance gas migration. The evolution from bubble regimes to continuous phase flow and vice versa, as gas pressure and fracture width change, is the most suitable mechanism towards determining the surface geochemical processes of seismo-tectonic, environmental and geo-exploration relevance. The transport effectiveness of trace gases by a carrier gas has yet to be studied in quantitative terms. It is already clear, however, that further studies on the distribution and behavior of trace gases approaching the Earth’s surface may not be meaningful unless accompanied by carrier gas dynamics analyses. 相似文献
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Measurements of dissolved gases have numerous applications in ground water hydrology, and it is now possible to measure the total dissolved gas pressure in situ using a probe. Dissolved gas pressure is measured by submerging a headspace volume with a gas-permeable membrane, allowing dissolved gases in the water to equilibrate with gases in the headspace, then measuring the pressure in the headspace with a pressure transducer. Total dissolved gas pressure (TGP) probes have many potential uses in ground water studies employing dissolved gases, including: (1) determining approximate excess air levels, which may provide information about the time and location of recharge; (2) screening wells for air contamination, which can compromise the accuracy of dissolved gas tracer techniques: (3) detecting a trapped gas phase, which can significantly reduce hydraulic conductivity and impede the transport of dissolved solutes and gases; (4) enabling the use of gas-filled passive diffusion samplers for determining accurate dissolved gas concentrations; and (5) determining relative concentrations of CH4 and CO2 when they are known to be highly abundant. Although TGP probes designed for surface water have been available for several years, TGP probes suitable for ground water applications have only recently become available. Herein we present what are, to our knowledge, the first reported ground water dissolved gas data collected using a TGP probe. We also explain the basic operating principles of these probes and discuss the potential applications listed. 相似文献