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We introduce the signal dependent time–frequency distribution, which is a time–frequency distribution that allows the user to optimize the tradeoff between joint time–frequency resolution and suppression of transform artefacts. The signal‐dependent time–frequency distribution, as well as the short‐time Fourier transform, Stockwell transform, and the Fourier transform are analysed for their ability to estimate the spectrum of a known wavelet used in a tuning wedge model. Next, the signal‐dependent time–frequency distribution, and fixed‐ and variable‐window transforms are used to estimate spectra from a zero‐offset synthetic seismogram. Attenuation is estimated from the associated spectral ratio curves, and the accuracy of the results is compared. The synthetic consisted of six pairs of strong reflections, based on real well‐log data, with a modeled intrinsic attenuation value of 1000/Q = 20. The signal‐dependent time–frequency distribution was the only time–frequency transform found to produce spectra that estimated consistent attenuation values, with an average of 1000/Q = 26±2; results from the fixed‐ and variable‐window transforms were 24±17 and 39±10, respectively. Finally, all three time–frequency transforms were used in a pre‐stack attenuation estimation method (the pre‐stack Q inversion algorithm) applied to a gather from a North Sea seismic dataset, to estimate attenuation between nine different strong reflections. In this case, the signal‐dependent time‐frequency distribution produced spectra more consistent with the constant‐Q model of attenuation assumed in the pre‐stack attenuation estimation algorithm: the average L1 residuals of the spectral ratio surfaces from the theoretical constant‐Q expectation for the signal‐dependent time‐frequency distribution, short‐time Fourier transform, and Stockwell transform were 0.12, 0.21, and 0.33, respectively. Based on the results shown, the signal‐dependent time‐frequency distribution is a time–frequency distribution that can provide more accurate and precise estimations of the amplitude spectrum of a reflection, due to a higher attainable time–frequency resolution. 相似文献
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根据青藏块体东北缘地区的跨断层流动水准测量资料,分别从断层形变异常的空间分布特征,不同断裂带上断层形变平均活动速率的分布和断层形变群体性异常在时间上的分布三个方面进行了统计、对比、分析和研究。结果显示,自2002年以来青藏块体东北缘地区的断层形变异常的主体区域逐步由西向东迁移,地震活动也具由西向东迁移的现象;断层平均活动速率也是东部区偏高。但是,断层形变群体异常在时间上的分布显示目前该区域断层形变异常活动的数量和强度均不十分显著,短期内发生强震的可能性不大。本文提出的方法及初步结论对该区域日常地震预测及震情跟踪工作有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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The stability of the power law scaling of earthquake recurrence time distribution in a given space–time window is investigated,
taking into account the magnitude of completeness and the effective starting time of aftershock sequences in earthquake catalogs
from Southern California and Japan. A new method is introduced for sampling at different distances from a network of target
events. This method allows the recurrence times to be sampled many times on the same area. Two power laws with unknown exponents
are assumed to govern short- and long-recurrence-time ranges. This assumption is developed analytically and shown to imply
simple correlation between these power laws. In practice, the results show that this correlation structure is not satisfied
for short magnitude cutoffs (m
c
= 2.5, 3.5, 4.5), and hence the recurrence time distribution departs from the power law scaling. The scaling parameters obtained
from the stack of the distributions corresponding to different magnitude thresholds are quite different for different regions
of study. It is also found that significantly different scaling parameters adjust the distribution for different magnitude
thresholds. In particular, the power law exponents decrease when the magnitude cutoff increases, resulting in a slower decrease
of the recurrence time distribution, especially for short time ranges. For example, in the case of Japan, the exponent p2 of the power law scaling at large recurrence times follows roughly the relation: , where m
c
is the magnitude cutoff. In case of Southern California, it is shown that Weibull distribution provides a better alternative
fit to the data for moderate and large time scales. 相似文献
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大跨度张弦桁架竖向地震反应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在张弦桁架优化设计及约束条件影响分析基础上，建立了60m、80m、100m、125m、150m跨度模型，采用振型分解反应谱法和时程分析方法对竖向地震作用进行分析，得到了小震、大震作用下结构最大动内力系数及动内力分布规律，并对大震时结构挠度与拉索是否会松弛进行了分析，用反应谱法与时程法得到的结果基本一致。本计算结果可供张弦桁架设计参考。 相似文献
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A mixed model is proposed to fit earthquake interevent time distribution. In this model, the whole distribution is constructed
by mixing the distribution of clustered seismicity, with a suitable distribution of background seismicity. Namely, the fit
is tested assuming a clustered seismicity component modeled by a non-homogeneous Poisson process and a background component
modeled using different hypothetical models (exponential, gamma and Weibull). For southern California, Japan, and Turkey,
the best fit is found when a Weibull distribution is implemented as a model for background seismicity. Our study uses earthquake
random sampling method we introduced recently. It is performed here to account for space–time clustering of earthquakes at
different distances from a given source and to increase the number of samples used to estimate earthquake interevent time
distribution and its power law scaling. For Japan, the contribution of clustered pairs of events to the whole distribution
is analyzed for different magnitude cutoffs, m
c, and different time periods. The results show that power laws are mainly produced by the dominance of correlated pairs at
small and long time ranges. In particular, both power laws, observed at short and long time ranges, can be attributed to time–space
clustering revealed by the standard Gardner and Knopoff’s declustering windows. 相似文献
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Mixed model for interoccurrence times of earthquakes based on the expectation-maximization algorithm 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper, the goodness-of-fit test based on a convex combination of Akaike and Bayesian information criteria is used
to explain the features of interoccurrence times of earthquakes. By analyzing the seismic catalog of Iran for different tectonic
settings, we have found that the probability distributions of time intervals between successive earthquakes can be described
by the generalized normal distribution. This indicates that the sequence of successive earthquakes is not a Poisson process.
It is found that by decreasing the threshold magnitude, the interoccurrence time distribution changes from the generalized
normal distribution to the gamma distribution in some seismotectonic regions. As a new insight, the probability distribution
of time intervals between earthquakes is described as a mixture distribution via the expectation-maximization algorithm. 相似文献
10.
山西运城振动事件S变换时频分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于S变换,对2005年以来山西南部运城及其附近地区的振动事件波形进行时频分析,并与山西南部地区的天然地震、爆破和塌陷地震波谱特征进行对比分析。结果表明：天然地震一般S波携带能量较大,衰减较慢,震相高低频成分呈现均匀分布;一般近台记录的人工爆破P波比S波发育,能量衰减较快,震相急促短暂;塌陷地震波列能量随时间和频率的展布相对集中,一般分布在频率较低区域;振动事件震相简单,被不同台站记录的波形能量优势分布及频率分布范围差异较大,衰减特征不明显。据此,基本可以排除山西南部及附近区域的振动事件为天然地震、爆破和塌陷事件的可能。 相似文献
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滑坡时间分布是滑坡预测和预警报研究的关键内容,对一定区域滑坡分布时间规律的研究可为区域滑坡预测和预警报提供参考和指导。本文以长江三峡库区滑坡为研究对象,对滑坡的年际分布和月份分布的相似性分别进行了研究。结果表明,两种时间的分布规律具有较好的相似性,且滑坡规模越接近,相似性程度越高。对滑坡时间分布的相似性研究,为应用分形理论研究该区域滑坡时间分布规律提供了理论基础。 相似文献
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实验室声发射三维定位及标本波速场各向异性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据慢度离差法的基本原理,给出由遗传算法确定AE空间位置、发生时刻及慢度离差5个参量的具体方法。结合实验条件,通过数值试验对定位误差等问题进行探讨,并对真实AE定位的误差分布给出统计上的圈定。数值试验结果表明,算法具有较高的精度和较好的收敛性及稳健性;探头数量及布设方式对定位结果的优劣有影响, 4个以上探头有记录时,即可得到理想的结果;大的定位误差主要来源于台阵外部少数“ AE”的结果。到时测量的随机误差小于最小测量时间单位的50%时,平均有97%的“AE”定位误差分布在3 mm 范围内,小于物理不可分辨精度(探头直径)。 相似文献
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选取2020年3月1日至12月31日速报地震,通过对比自动地震速报和人工地震速报结果,对自动地震速报系统产出结果进行偏差分析。该时段内自动速报系统共产出国内地震事件216次,漏报49个地震,未发生误报地震。自动速报地震震中位置平均偏差为6.7 km,震级平均偏差为0.15,平均用时119 s。震中位置偏差较大主要由台站分布不均匀、缺少近台、台站空隙角过大及系统自动拾取的震相误差较大所致。震级偏差较大主要是震级转换算法不合理等造成的。自动速报漏报地震与系统在地震定位时初至到时信噪比较低、台站分布不均匀和地震的孤立性等有关。此外,还对全国自动地震速报系统的改进提出了建议。 相似文献
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实际井眼条件下过套管电阻率测井响应的传输线方程正演算法 总被引：3，自引：4，他引：3
过套管电阻率测井通过测量套管壁电势实现测量地层视电阻率，不同的地层模型对过套管电阻率测井会有不同的测井响应. 在传输线方程系数中本文考虑了径向含多个界面地层的影响，对轴向（井轴方向）呈层状、径向阶跃变化地层模型，给出了电势分布递推公式，计算了过套管电阻率测井响应，绘出了测井响应曲线. 算例表明，该方法有较强的轴向地层界面分辨能力；对径向均匀地层计算结果非常接近地层模型电导率，能较好地反映实际地层特征；对高电导地层，低电导水泥环有明显的测井响应；当径向存在多个地层界面时计算结果则为径向各层电导率的综合反映，不是某一径向层的电导率；算例显示该方法有较快（算例运行时间在1s内）的计算速度. 相似文献
16.
An investigation into rainfall variability in time and space in the Nam River dam basin of Korea is made with the use of the coefficient of variation and the correlation coefficient. The Nam River dam basin is a small mountainous watershed where wind direction and orography are the dominant influences on the pattern and distribution of rainfall. Rainfall distribution was found to vary with elevation, position, wind direction and distance from a reference station. The results of this study can be used in the design of rain gauge network, hydrological forecasting and for other applications in the Nam River dam basin. 相似文献
17.
On the determination of marine magnetotelluric receiver orientation using land magnetic observatory data 
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下载免费PDF全文 Leonardo G. Miquelutti Emin U. Ulugergerli Deivid Nascimento Sergio L. Fontes 《Geophysical Prospecting》2016,64(5):1350-1367
Marine magnetotelluric measurements using “free‐fall’’ instruments without effective compasses suffer from the problem of unknown orientation of the receivers at the seafloor. While past works indicate that marine magnetotelluric orientation of the instruments can be estimated by reference to land deployments of known orientation using the transfer tensor method, there is limited published information on how this is implemented in practice. We document this method and propose a set of new time‐ and frequency‐domain approaches to solve this orientation problem of the seafloor receivers. We test these methodologies in onshore and offshore magnetotelluric data whose orientations are well known and apply these techniques to marine magnetotelluric data with unknown orientation. For the controlled tests, both time‐ and frequency‐domain approaches produce overall comparable results. To investigate the effects of the subsurface structure distribution on the orientation process, a dimensionality analysis of a controlled dataset is carried out. In subsequent analysis using the available disoriented marine magnetotelluric data from offshore Brazil and from the Vassouras magnetic observatory on the mainland for remote referencing, frequency‐domain methods yield approximate orientation angles among themselves with low standard deviation each. Time‐domain results are consistent for most cases but differ from frequency‐domain results for some situations. 相似文献
18.
Elisaveta Marekova 《Acta Geophysica》2012,60(3):858-873
The earthquake recurrence time distribution in a given space-time window is being studied, using earthquake catalogues from
different seismic regions (Southern California, Canada, and Central Asia). The quality of the available catalogues, taking
into account the completeness of the magnitude, is examined. Based on the analysis of the catalogues, it was determined that
the probability densities of the earthquake recurrence times can be described by a universal gamma distribution, in which
the time is normalized with the mean rate of occurrence. The results show a deviation from the gamma distribution at the short
interevent times, suggesting the existence of clustering. This holds from worldwide to local scales and for quite different
tectonic environments. 相似文献
19.
Preliminary analysis of the hanging wall effect and velocity pulse of the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
A preliminary study of the PGA attenuation, hanging wall effect and velocity pulse characteristics from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake of Ms =8.0 is described in this paper. The study was carried out through analyses in the time and frequency domains of main earthquake records. In the PGA attenuation study, records from 316 stations less than 1000 km from the surface rupture of the fault were used as a database and attenuation relationships were developed and compared with some existing relationships that are widely used in mainland China, Chinese Taiwan and the US. At the same time, records from 28 stations less than 100 km from the fault were used to study the hanging wall effect and velocity pulse characteristics of this earthquake based on the distribution of PGA, PGV, spectral acceleration, and the velocity pulse peak, and the results are compared with the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake. In addition, the large PGAs of the UD components observed in this event are also discussed in this paper. From the results of the preliminary study, some conclusions are developed and suggestions for further research are proposed. 相似文献
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“5·12”汶川特大地震灾害特点及其防灾启示 总被引：11，自引：6，他引：5
本文介绍了"5·12"汶川特大地震发生的构造背景、震源与余震分布特点,认为该地震是青藏高原巴颜喀拉块体东向运动并与四川盆地相互长期作用的结果,地震主要能量释放在长330km、宽52km、深20km的块体(震源体)内,能量释放时间长达100多秒.地震在震源体内释放的能量极其不均匀,地面运动在震中区也具有强烈的时间、空间不均匀性.高烈度区沿震源体分布,烈度分布具有明显异常特征.地震造成的人员死亡90%以上位于烈度Ⅸ度以上地区.居民建筑、学校和医院等建筑物遭受严重破坏,交通、水利等生命线也遭受重大破坏.地震引发的崩塌、滑坡和泥石流灾害十分严重.巨大的地震灾害暴露出防震减灾管理、地震科学研究、防震减灾技术研发应用,以及防震减灾宣传等方面的严重不足. 震主要能量释放在长330kin、宽52kin、深20kin的块体(震源体)内,能量释放时间长达100多秒.地震在震源体内释放的能量极其不均匀,地面运动在震中区也具有强烈的时间、空间不均匀性.高烈度区沿震源体分布,烈度分布具有明显异常特征.地震造成的人员死亡90%以上位于烈度Ⅸ度以上地区.居民建筑、学校和医院等建筑物遭受严重破坏,交通、水利等生命线也遭受重大破坏.地震 发的崩塌、滑坡和泥石流灾害十分严重.巨大的地震灾害暴露出防震减灾管理、地震科学研究、防震减灾技术研发应用,以及防震减灾宣传等方面的严重不足. 震主要能量释放在长330kin、宽52kin、深20k 相似文献