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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(2)
以初始体重(9.19±0.01)g的大菱鲆幼鱼为研究对象,研究玉米蛋白粉部分替代饲料中的鱼粉蛋白对大菱鲆幼鱼的生长性能、血浆生化指标、组织游离氨基酸含量及氨基酸分解关键酶基因表达的影响。设计2种等氮、等能的实验饲料组:鱼粉对照组(FM)和玉米蛋白粉替代45%鱼粉蛋白组(CGM),分别饱食投喂大菱鲆幼鱼30天。研究表明:与FM组相比,CGM组大菱鲆幼鱼的特定生长率、饲料效率、以及蛋白质和脂肪沉积率显著降低,且全鱼粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量也显著降低(P0.01),但CGM组的全鱼水分和灰分含量显著高于FM组(P0.01)。CGM组血浆总蛋白、葡萄糖、甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量均较FM组显著降低(P0.05)。大菱鲆摄食CGM组饲料后,其血浆和肌肉游离氨基酸含量均较FM组显著降低,且肌肉氨基酸降幅度更大(P0.05)。CGM组肠道支链α-酮酸脱氢酶二氢硫辛酸转乙酰基酶(BCKD-E2)mRNA表达量较FM组显著升高。结果表明:玉米蛋白粉替代45%鱼粉蛋白显著抑制了大菱鲆幼鱼的生长,降低了饲料效率,影响了鱼体营养物质的组成和代谢,加快了肠中氨基酸的分解代谢,降低了组织游离氨基酸的平衡性和总量。 相似文献
2.
为研究在植物蛋白源替代部分鱼粉的饲料中添加晶体或小肽形式的亮氨酸(Leu)或/和谷氨酰胺(Gln)对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)幼鱼的生长性能、血浆代谢及免疫指标、肠道组织形态和Notch-Hes通路基因表达的影响,实验设计了6组等氮等能饲料：全鱼粉组(FM),阴性对照组(Con,以植物蛋白源替代FM组中40%的鱼粉),在Con组的基础上添加0.2%晶体Leu的L组,添加0.2%晶体Gln的G组,添加晶体Leu和晶体Gln(0.095%∶0.105%)的L+G组,以及添加0.2%Leu-Gln二肽的L-G组。选取初始体质量(8.14±0.03)g的大菱鲆幼鱼,进行为期8周的养殖实验。研究表明,与单独添加Leu和Gln相比,共同添加Leu和Gln能更显著地提高大菱鲆幼鱼的终末体质量、特定生长率、蛋白质沉积率和脂肪沉积率,且这些指标均与FM组差异不显著(P>0.05)。L组和L-G组的血清TCHO含量高于Con组,且与FM组无显著差异(P>0.05)。相比Con组,Leu和Gln共同添加可显著提高大菱鲆幼鱼的血清溶菌酶活性(P<0.05)。此外... 相似文献
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4.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(1)
本文旨在研究新型复合动植物蛋白源在大菱鲆饲料中替代部分鱼粉对大菱鲆幼鱼生长和肌肉质地的影响。实验设计了4组等氮等能的饲料,以含鱼粉60%的处理组为对照饲料(FM),以小麦粉、豆粕等作为植物蛋白与酶解动物软骨蛋白粉复合分别替代其中40%、50%和60%鱼粉,设置了40I、50I和60I3个试验组。选用初始体质量(8.63±0.03)g的大菱鲆幼鱼(Scophthalmus maximus L.),分别用上述4种饲料饲养8周。试验表明:与鱼粉组相比,随着替代水平的升高,大菱鲆幼鱼的终末体重、增重率和特定生长率显著降低(P0.05),50I和60I鱼粉替代处理组饲料效率显著低于FM组和40I处理组(P0.05)。各处理组大菱鲆幼鱼水分、粗蛋白、脂肪和灰分无显著差异(P0.05),肥满度、肝体比和脏体比无显著差异(P0.05)。饲料干物质和蛋白的消化率随着替代水平的升高呈下降趋势。以酶解动物软骨蛋白粉和植物蛋白复合替代鱼粉对大菱鲆幼鱼肌肉硬度、咀嚼性和弹性没有显著影响(P0.05)。结果表明,酶解动物软骨蛋白粉与植物蛋白复合后可替代大菱鲆幼鱼饲料中40%鱼粉而不影响其生长、摄食、存活和体组成,并能保持其肉质。 相似文献
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本实验旨在研究谷朊粉、宠物级鸡肉粉、脱脂肉骨粉、豆粕和玉米蛋白粉复合替代0%(对照组,CON)、35%(FM35)、50%(FM50)、65%(FM65)、80%(FM80)鱼粉对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)生长、体组成和表观消化率的影响。设计5组等氮等能(粗蛋白52%,总能19kJ/g)的饲料,养殖鱼初重(8.63±0.01)g,养殖周期9周。结果显示,替代组体末重、增重率和特定生长率显著低于CON(P0.05),而摄食率和成活率各处理组之间没有显著变化(P0.05)。替代组饲料效率和蛋白质效率随着替代水平的升高而降低,FM65和FM80饲料效率和FM80蛋白质效率显著低于CON(P0.05)。复合蛋白替代鱼粉对鱼体水分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪没有显著影响(P0.05),但替代组鱼体灰分显著高于CON(P0.05)。除FM35干物质表观消化率与CON没有显著差异(P0.05),其他替代组的干物质和粗蛋白表观消化率均显著低于CON(P0.05)。研究表明,该比例复合蛋白源替代鱼粉水平应不超过35%。 相似文献
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以初始体重为(10.57g±0.43g)的大黄鱼幼鱼为研究对象,用豆粕分别替代0%、35%、40%、45%的鱼粉来配制4种等氮(蛋白含量为46%)等脂(总脂肪为13%)的实验饲料,分别编号为FM,PP35,PP40和PP45。其中,在PP35、PP40和PP45组均添加肽聚糖、胆固醇、植酸酶、晶体氨基酸和复合益生菌,并以FM组和鲜鱼浆(FTF)组作为对照,在海水浮式网箱中进行为期60d的摄食生长实验,探讨不同豆粕替代水平对大黄鱼幼鱼生长、消化酶活性和消化道组织学的影响。结果表明,豆粕替代水平对大黄鱼幼鱼的生长和存活没有显著影响(P>0.05)。肠道胰蛋白酶的活性随着豆粕替代水平的升高而显著降低(P<0.05),FM组的胰蛋白酶活性最高,而FTF组的最低。肠道脂肪酶活性随着豆粕替代水平的升高呈现先升高后降低的趋势,FTF组脂肪酶活性最低。肠道淀粉酶活性随着豆粕替代水平的增高同样呈现降低趋势,但无显著差异(P>0.05)。高豆粕替代水平(PP40和PP45组)对肝脏组织和肠道组织结构有破坏作用,PP45组实验鱼肝脏空泡化现象严重,肠壁明显变薄,小肠绒毛受到严重机械性损伤。实验证明,在大黄鱼幼鱼饲料中可以使用豆粕来替代35%的鱼粉既不影响大黄鱼的生长和存活,也不影响其肠道、肝脏的组织结构。 相似文献
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染料木黄酮对大菱鲆生长、消化酶活力和肠道组织结构的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以鱼粉为主要蛋白源配制了5种不同剂量的染料木黄酮(0、5、10、20、100mg·kg-1)的实验饲料,来研究其对大菱鲆生长、消化酶活力和肠道组织结构的影响。结果表明:饲料中添加不同剂量的染料木黄酮对大菱鲆幼鱼的存活、终末体重、特定生长率、饲料效率、摄食率以及肥满度、脏体比和肝体比均未产生显著影响(P0.05);饲料中添加染料木黄酮显著降低了鱼体粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量并显著提高了鱼体水分含量(P0.05),但对鱼体灰分含量无显著影响(P0.05);饲料中添加染料木黄酮显著降低了胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和肠淀粉酶的活性(P0.05),但对肠蛋白酶和胃淀粉酶的活性未产生显著影响(P0.05);饲料中染料木黄酮的添加量达100mg/kg时会对鱼的肠道组织结构产生一定的破坏作用,而其他处理组间肠道组织结构没有明显的差异。实验结果表明,饲料中添加高剂量的染料木黄酮对大菱鲆的生长性能和消化吸收会造成一定的负面作用,使用大豆蛋白做蛋白源时,其含有的染料木黄酮的抗营养作用不可忽视。 相似文献
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本实验采用混合动植物蛋白(肉骨粉和豆粕1∶1混合)替代鱼粉投喂虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)幼鱼((46±0.23)g),研究饲料中肉骨粉和豆粕部分替代鱼粉对虹鳟幼鱼生长性能和氮收支的影响。实验设置了4个处理组,依据等氮等脂的原则,用混合蛋白分别替代0、10%、30%和50%的鱼粉,分别为D1、D2、D3和D4,蛋白水平和脂肪水平分别为43.8%和15.1%。将虹鳟幼鱼在16℃的条件下养殖21天,每日饱食投喂一次并且收集残饵粪便。研究表明:用肉骨粉和豆粕部分替代鱼粉不会影响虹鳟幼鱼的终末体重,与全鱼粉组比较,D3组和D4组呈现出较低的生长性能(P0.05),而10%替代组的摄食率、消化率和特定生长率更高,表现出更好的生长趋势(P0.05)。氮收支方面,虹鳟幼鱼的氮收支过程中氮排泄是主要损失途径。随着替代水平的上升,氮排泄和损失也呈上升趋势,但是全鱼粉组和10%替代组之间的氮排泄量差异不显著(P0.05)。实验结果表明,从生长性能和氮收支两方面综合考虑,饲料中用肉骨粉和豆粕替代10%鱼粉投喂虹鳟幼鱼效果更佳;且排泄是虹鳟幼鱼氮收支的主要途径。 相似文献
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肉骨粉添加微胶囊蛋氨酸替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长、饲料表观消化率及体成分的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用均初始体质量为0.91 g的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)540尾,随机分为6个处理组,每组设3个重复,每个重复30尾。用肉骨粉(meat and bone meal,MBM)替代日粮中0、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%的鱼粉,分别添加不同梯度微胶囊蛋氨酸(microencapsulated DL-methionine,MM)配制成6种等氮饲料投喂凡纳滨对虾55 d。结果表明:MBM添加MM替代60%鱼粉对对虾增重率和SGR无显著影响(P0.05),对虾对各试验饲料的饲料系数和蛋白质效率无显著影响(P0.05),而替代80%和100%鱼粉对对虾增重率、SGR、饲料系数和蛋白质效率有显著影响(P0.05);MBM添加MM替代鱼粉后对对虾体成分、体氨基酸含量和蛋白质含量无明显影响(P0.05)。在MBM高水平替代鱼粉饲料中添加MM可通过平衡对虾饲料必需氨基酸,提高了对虾对饲料的表观消化率,而不影响对虾的生长和体营养成分,降低了对虾饲料的成本。 相似文献
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以初始体重(38.19±0.09)g大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)为实验对象,分别以鱼粉和大豆浓缩蛋白(SPC)为主要蛋白源,添加0%、0.5%、1.0%和2.0%的牛磺酸,配制8种等氮等脂的配合饲料,进行8周的养殖实验。研究显示,SPC组大菱鲆终末体重、摄食率(FI)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料效率(FE)和蛋白质效率(PER)都极显著下降(P0.001)。牛磺酸对大菱鲆的FI未造成显著影响(P0.05),却显著影响了大菱鲆的SGR、FE和PER。随着牛磺酸含量升高,不同蛋白源饲料下大菱鲆的SGR、FE和PER均显著升高(P0.05)。SPC导致鱼体水分升高、蛋白和脂肪降低(P0.001),随着牛磺酸添加,鱼体水分有降低趋势,蛋白有升高趋势(P0.05)。蛋白源及牛磺酸对大菱鲆肥满度和内脏指数无显著影响(P0.05),但SPC组肝体比显著降低(P0.05)。SPC显著降低了大菱鲆血清总胆固醇及甘油三酯含量(P0.05),SPC组血清总胆固醇随牛磺酸添加而显著升高(P0.05)。研究结果表明,植物蛋白替代鱼粉条件下补充牛磺酸能够促进大菱鲆生长,并对植物蛋白导致的脂肪代谢异常有一定缓解作用。 相似文献
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以新型蛋白源(大豆浓缩蛋白、脱酚棉籽蛋白、喷雾血球蛋白粉)分别替代基础饲料(D0)中17% (D17)、35% (D35)、52% (D52)和 69% (D69)的鱼粉, 配制 5 种等氮等能的饲料, 饲喂星斑川鲽幼鱼[初始体重(75.6±0.18)g] 60d, 以考察鱼粉替代对星斑川鲽幼鱼氨基酸组成的影响。结果表明, 试验组肌肉 Arg 和 His 含量显著增大(P<0.05), Thr 含量差异不显著(P>0.05), 其它必需氨基酸(EAA)含量均显著降低(P<0.05); 试验组全鱼 EAA 总量无显著性差异(P>0.05)。 D69 组肝脏天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶/丙氨酸氨基转移酶(AST/ALT)显著低于其它各组(P<0.05); 血清 AST及AST/ALT随鱼粉替代量的增加显著增大(P<0.05)。 本试验条件下, 当替代饲料中35%的鱼粉时, 饲料 EAA 消化率及试验鱼肌肉和全鱼氨基酸组成均无显著性差异, 替代比例进一步加大, 会对试验鱼肝脏生理功能产生影响。 相似文献
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大菱鲆幼鱼蛋白质消化特征及其对水环境的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用单因素随机区组设计,选择平均初重34.5±5.5g的大菱鲆幼鱼225尾,平均分为5组(A~E),每组3重复。分别饲喂蛋白质水平45%,48%,50%,52%和54%的5种膨化颗粒饲料,研究大菱鲆幼鱼的蛋白质消化特征及其对水环境的影响。结果表明:随着饲料蛋白质水平的提高,幼鱼的生长性能提高,饲料系数相应降低;蛋白质消化率先升后降,在50%蛋白组取得最大;蛋白质摄入量、消化量以及粪氮排出量明显增加;养殖水环境中氨氮和亚硝氮的浓度也不断提高。特别是在50%蛋白质水平以上时,幼鱼生长性能提高幅度缓慢,而粪氮排出量和水环境中氨氮含量显著提高(p<0.05)。试验表明,大菱鲆幼鱼环保饲料中蛋白质的适宜水平为50%。 相似文献
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S. Boleas C. Fernandez J. Beyer J. V. Tarazona A. Goksyr 《Marine environmental research》1998,46(1-5)
Juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) were exposed to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) for 14 d using a glass bead generator flow-through system. Exposure was followed by a recovery period of 16 d. The highest BaP concentration in the edible portion of the fish, 16.5 ± 4.3 μg BaP/kg, was observed on the first day. Then concentrations dropped following first-order kinetics. BaP was below detection level at the end of the experiment. A statistically significant increase in bile fluorescence was observed from day 9 until the end of the experiment, suggesting the elimination of BaP metabolites by this route. No significant differences between control and exposed fish in EROD activity and CYP1A concentration, measured by immunodetection method, were observed. Intraperitoneal injection of 2.5 mg BaP/kg in juvenile turbot induced EROD activity. Under waterborne experimental conditions, bile fluorescence was observed to be a more sensitive biomarker of BaP exposure than EROD activity and CYP1A measurement. 相似文献
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The food choice of juvenile flounder (Platichthys flesus) and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) was studied in the northern Baltic Sea during the years 1988, 1989, 1994 and 1995. The diet included organisms from 30 species/taxa in flounder (n = 306) and 10 species/taxa in turbot (n = 41). Flounder 45 mm mainly consumed meiofauna (dominating taxon: Harpacticoida, Copepoda) and larger fish (46–101 mm) consumed macrofauna (dominating taxa: Oligochaeta, Amphipoda and Chironomidae). In terms of biomass, macrofauna dominated for all sizes of flounders, and meiofauna was important only for the smallest fish. A strong seasonal variation could be detected in the diet. In spring, macrofauna dominated for all size classes of fish (only fish > 30 mm were caught in spring), while in summer and autumn meiofauna dominated the diets for fish 45 mm in size. Juvenile turbot (22–88 mm) consumed macrofauna and small fish. Turbot 30 mm consumed mainly amphipods, while > 30 mm turbot consumed mysid shrimps, amphipods and fish.The ontogenetic shift from meio- to macrofauna-sized prey in flounders occurs at a larger fish size in the northern Baltic Sea than reported in other areas, possibly depending on the increased relative importance of meiofauna in the northern Baltic. The seasonal variation in the diet could be due to seasonally changing abundances in the zoobenthos, or for the small fish (1-group, spring), to switching from meio- to macrofauna in order to optimize their energy gain. The 0-group flounders consumed meiofauna for a long period, possibly due to a learning-process or simply due to easy availability of meiofauna. Turbot has a much larger mouth gap than flounders, thus allowing them to consume macrofauna from the beginning of their benthic life. 相似文献
15.
以某鲆鲽类商品饲料的配方为基础,分别添加15%的鲜鱼浆及与鱼浆等蛋白含量的鱼粉,并采用热风及真空冷冻2种干燥方式制作4组等氮等能的饲料(鲜鱼浆热风干燥组SAD、鲜鱼浆真空冷冻干燥组SFD、鱼粉热风干燥组MAD和鱼粉真空冷冻干燥组MFD),投喂初始体重(75.54±0.12)g的星斑川鲽(Platichthys stellatus Pallas)幼鱼64d,以考察饲料中添加鲜鱼浆及不同干燥方式对星斑川鲽幼鱼生长、体组成及部分免疫指标的影响.结果显示:SFD组试验鱼的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和蛋白质效率(PER)显著高于SAD组、MFD组和MAD组(P<0.05),且后3组之间无显著差异(P>0.05);SFD组的饲料系数最低,但与其它3组无显著性差异(P>0.05);试验鱼的肥满度(CF)、肝体比(HSI)在4组间无显著差异(P>0.05),但以SFD组肥满度最高,肝体比最小.真空冷冻干燥的两组(SFD组和MFD组)肌肉和全鱼蛋白含量显著高于热风干燥的两组(SAD组和MAD组)(P<0.05),脂肪含量显著低于热风干燥的2组(P<0.05),蛋白酶活性也以真空冷冻干燥的两组高(P<0.05).SFD组蛋白沉积率显著高于其他3组(P<0.05).溶菌酶(LSZ)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量以SFD组最高(P<0.05).上述研究表明,饲料中添加鲜鱼浆并使用真空冷冻干燥技术处理,能显著促进鱼体生长、提高鱼体蛋白含量降低脂肪含量,增强机体免疫力. 相似文献
16.
以初始体质量为(5.49±0.01)g的大菱鲆幼鱼为实验对象,探讨饲料中过量添加晶体蛋氨酸或蛋氨酸羟基类似物对大菱鲆生长、饲料利用和抗氧化反应的影响.以白鱼粉和豆粕为主要蛋白源,饲料中同时添加0.25％ DL-蛋氨酸和0.3％蛋氨酸羟基类似物钙盐(MHA)作为对照,在此基础上分别添加0.5％ DL-蛋氨酸、1.25％ DL-蛋氨酸、0.59％MHA、1.49％ MHA、1.25％ DL-蛋氨酸+0.85％柠檬酸钙,配制出6种实验饲料,使饲料中蛋氨酸和蛋氨酸羟基类似物(HMTBA)含量分别是1.35％、1.83％、2.50％、1.45％、1.37％、2.51％和0.22％、0.22％、0.22％、0.63％、1.38％、0.29％.养殖试验在室内流水系统中进行,持续10周,每个处理设5个重复,每个重复放养大菱鲆幼鱼30尾.结果显示,过量添加DL-蛋氨酸和HMTBA对大菱鲆幼鱼生长无显著影响(P＞0.05).过量添加DL-蛋氨酸和HMTBA对大菱鲆体组分、肥满度(CF)、脏体比(VSI)和肝体比(HSI)均无显著影响(P＞0.05),但柠檬酸钙添加组(处理6)体蛋白含量与基础饲料组相比显著降低(P＜0.05).对大菱鲆肝脏过氧化氢酶( CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和肝脏硫代巴比妥酸反应产物量(TBARS)进行测定,各处理组间均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结果显示,在该实验条件下,过量添加晶体蛋氨酸(1.31～1.73倍)和HMTBA(1.32～1.75倍)对大菱鲆幼鱼的生长、饲料利用和抗氧化反应没有显著影响. 相似文献
17.
《Journal of Sea Research》2007,57(2-3):151-161
As part of the Danish restocking program, an experiment was carried out with four groups of turbot Psetta maxima released on two different occasions at the same location in Århus Bay, Denmark. One objective was to analyse the duration of post-release mortality and the magnitude of this mortality. In 2003 a group called Large turbot (17.1 cm total length (LT)) and a group called Intermediate (LT = 11.8 cm) were released, and in 2004 two similar-sized groups called Naive and Conditioned (LT = 9.8 cm) were released. The Conditioned differed from the Naive turbot by being transferred to enclosures at the release location six days prior to the actual release. This experiment was performed to investigate whether such a conditioning period had a positive effect on the survival and hence the success of the stocking. All the groups released were monitored daily until day 8, using a juvenile flatfish-trawl to recapture the fish. The catches were analyzed on the basis of a normal distribution approximation method, founded in diffusion theory, from which daily abundance of the released fish and hence post-release mortality could be estimated. The group of Large turbot suffered negligible post-release mortality, but for the Conditioned, Naive and Intermediate groups the loss varied between 34 and 66% d− 1. The mortality for the Conditioned group was found to be half that of the Naive turbot released simultaneously. The period of high post-release mortality was estimated to be restricted to three days after release. The only active predators observed in the area were birds. Besides estimating mortality the diffusion model provides an estimate on the catchability of the released turbot when fished with a juvenile flatfish-trawl. Catchabilities varied between 38 and 52% for all releases except for the 17 cm sized turbot released, where catchability was only 12%. The feeding performance of the released fish was also analysed and compared with that of wild fish caught at the same location. These results showed that the proportion of stomachs containing food increased not only with time after release, but also with the size of the turbot. However, whether or not fish was included in the diet was not related to size but to time after release and to whether they had been conditioned or not. 相似文献
18.
饵料中添加益生菌对大菱鲆幼鱼肠道菌群及部分免疫指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
作者以初体质量为(4.80±0.11)g的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)为研究对象,在循环水水族箱中进行60 d饲喂实验,研究饲料中添加单一益生菌和复合益生菌对大菱鲆肠道菌群及部分血液免疫指标的影响。以基础饲料为对照组,在基础饲料中分别添加枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)、枯草芽孢杆菌+地衣芽孢杆菌(1:1)、嗜酸乳酸菌(Lactobacillus acidophi-lus)、双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium inopinatum)、嗜酸乳酸菌+双歧杆菌(1:1)、枯草芽孢杆菌+地衣芽孢杆菌+嗜酸乳酸菌+双歧杆菌(1:1:1:1),每克饲料约含菌3.0×109个/g干质量,共配制7种实验饲料。实验结果显示,饲料中添加益生菌对肠道中总菌数无显著影响,但显著降低了肠道弧菌数(P<0.05),显著提高了大菱鲆酚氧化酶活力、溶菌酶活性和总抗氧化力。添加不同的益生菌对血细胞数、血清蛋白浓度及超氧化物歧化酶的影响不同,例如添加的益生菌中含有乳酸菌能显著提高大菱鲆血清蛋白浓度(P<0.05),而添加芽孢杆菌无此效果。上述实验结果表明,与添加单一益生菌相比,在饲料中添加复合益生菌对降低大菱鲆肠道弧菌总数,提高机体免疫力具有更好的促进作用。 相似文献
19.
To investigate feeding habits of juvenile flounder (Platichthys flesus) and turbot (Psetta maxima) in relation to habitat characteristics a field survey with push net sampling was conducted in nursery areas with different ecological characteristics in the northern Baltic proper. Sampling sites were stratified to cover several different habitat types defined by substrate and wave exposure. Apart from flatfishes and epifauna, samples of macrofauna, meiofauna and hyperbenthic planktons were collected from each site together with data on vegetation, depth, salinity, temperature and turbidity. The diet differed between species where flounder diet was dominated by chironomids, copepods and oligochaetes while turbot apart from chironomids had a high incidence of amphipods, gobies and mysids. In both species there was a shift in diet with size, although this shift was influenced by the habitat. Among the environmental variables investigated, wave exposure was found to significantly influence flounder diet. Food preference in the most exposed areas was dominated by oligochaetes and copepods instead of chironomids, which dominated in sheltered areas. This study shows that habitat characteristics can have a major influence on feeding habits of juvenile flatfish. 相似文献