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1.
细粒含量对粉土动孔压发展模式影响的试验研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用多功能静动液压剪切仪进行了粉土动荷载下的孔压试验,探讨了黏粒含量和粉粒含量对重塑粉土动孔压发展的影响。试验模拟大震时细粒含量影响的孔压发展规律,对已有的指数形式孔压模式进行修正,以便模拟初始液化发生后达到一定液化程度的实际情况,该模式包含2个参数a和b。研究结果表明,细粒含量对粉土动孔压发展影响较大,其影响主要体现在孔压发展模式参数b上。粉土中粉粒含量与孔压参数b的关系呈单调的线性关系,而黏粒含量与孔压参数b的关系则不是单调的线性关系,是在黏粒含量为8 %时孔压参数b达到的最大值,试验数据验证该修正的动孔压模式有更广泛的应用性。 相似文献
2.
在黏粒含量和干密度恒定的情况下,进行了一系列重塑黄河三角洲饱和粉质土不排水动三轴试验,试样直径为50 mm、高为100 mm,重点研究了有效围压、动荷载和粉粒含量等因素对饱和粉质土液化特性的影响。试验结果表明:（1）在粉粒含量不小于50%的情况下,粉粒含量的增加降低了黄河三角洲饱和粉质土的液化势;（2）重塑黄河三角洲饱和粉质土的动强度随有效围压的增大而增大,与初次液化振动次数的对数近似呈线性关系;（3）与砂土相比,粉质土的动孔压很难达到有效围压,并且随有效围压的增大,相同条件下动孔压达到有效围压的比率降低;随粉粒含量的增加,其对动孔压的影响有减小的趋势;粉粒含量的增大减缓了动孔压的增长;（4）根据本次试验结果,给出了重塑黄河三角洲饱和粉质土的动孔压计算模型及相关参数取值。 相似文献
3.
Hanifi Missoum Mostefa Belkhatir Karim Bendani Mustapha Maliki 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(1):279-296
In a number of recent case studies, the liquefaction of silty sands has been reported. To investigate the undrained shear and deformation behaviour of Chlef sand–silt mixtures, a series of monotonic and stress-controlled cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on sand encountered at the site. The aim of this laboratory investigation is to study the influence of silt contents, expressed by means of the equivalent void ratio on undrained residual shear strength of loose, medium dense and dense sand–silt mixtures under monotonic loading and liquefaction potential under cyclic loading. After an earthquake event, the prediction of the post-liquefaction strength is becoming a challenging task in order to ensure the stability of different types of earth structures. Thus, the choice of the appropriate undrained residual shear strength of silty sandy soils that are prone to liquefaction to be used in engineering practice design should be established. To achieve this, a series of undrained triaxial tests were conducted on reconstituted saturated silty sand samples with different fines contents ranging from 0 to 40 %. In all tests, the confining pressure was held constant at 100 kPa. From the experimental results obtained, it is clear that the global void ratio cannot be used as a state parameter and may not characterize the actual behaviour of the soil as well. The equivalent void ratio expressing the fine particles participation in soil strength is then introduced. A linear relationship between the undrained shear residual shear strength and the equivalent void ratio has been obtained for the studied range of the fines contents. Cyclic test results confirm that the increase in the equivalent void ratio and the fines content accelerates the liquefaction phenomenon for the studied stress ratio and the liquefaction resistance decreases with the increase in either the equivalent void ratio or the loading amplitude level. These cyclic tests results confirm the obtained monotonic tests results. 相似文献
4.
Liquefaction characteristics of silts 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
S. Singh 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1996,14(1):1-19
Summary The paper presents a summary of the results of cyclical triaxial load testing of samples of silt and silty sands. The paper emphasizes differences in behaviour observed between reconstituted triaxial samples of clean sand, of sand containing 10, 20, 30 and 60% silt, pure silt, and undisturbed samples of silt and silty sand. An important observation is that the mechanisms of deformation for sit are different for reconstituted and undisturbed samples, the undisturbed sample having a specific geological structure which seems to slow down the excess pore water pressure accumulation, but which still results in cyclic deformations regularly increasing from the very beginning of the test and rapidly reaching high levels. The other important observation is that fine-grained noncohesive soils such as silts and silty sands can be as, or even more, susceptible to liquefaction as clean sands. Test results on samples of sand containing 10, 20 or 30% of silt indicate lesser resistance to liquefaction than pure sand samples. The paper shows the difficulty in identifying a representative parameter to compare the behaviour of silts and silty sands with pure sand, and it seems that more research will be needed in this area. 相似文献
5.
During the last mid-century, the Chlef area was strongly affected by two earthquakes. From the geological context, there were numerous ejections onto the ground level of great masses of sandy soils and large displacements of various forms of some building foundations. These damages are due to soil liquefaction problem. This loss of shear strength can be attributed to many factors. History of recent cases indicates that sand deposited with silt content is much more liquefiable than clean sand. Therefore, a deep understanding of silty sand behavior is needed for the liquefaction assessment of silty sandy soils. Moreover, during seismic shaking, the post-liquefaction behavior of silty sand and, consequently, the stability of structures founded on liquefied soil depend on the steady-state shear strength of soil. The objective of this laboratory investigation is to show the effect of silt contents and the relative density on the mechanical behavior of such soils in monotonic loading. In this context, a series of undrained triaxial tests were performed on reconstituted saturated silty sand samples with different fines content ranging from 0% to 40%. In all tests, the confining pressure was held constant to 100 kPa. The fines content and the global void ratio are expressed by means of the equivalent void ratio. Linear correlations relating the undrained residual shear strength of loose, medium dense, and dense (D r?=?12%, 50%, and 90% before consolidation) sand–silt mixtures to the equivalent void ratio are obtained. The concept of the equivalent void ratio will then be used as a key parameter to express the dilatancy behavior of both clean and silty sand soils. Moreover, from the experimental results obtained, it is clear that the global void ratio cannot be used as a state parameter and may not represent the actual behavior of the soil as well. 相似文献
6.
为探究阶地饱和砂质粉土在黄土滑坡冲击荷载作用下的力学机理,选取泾阳南塬典型黄土滑坡LD37为研究对象。通过基本性质测试获取了阶地砂质粉土的物理、水理、颗粒级配和矿物组分等指标。采用自制冲击设备进行了3种饱和度条件下的冲击试验,并对水分迁移和剪切强度变化等问题进行了分析,在此基础上探讨了冲击液化机理。结果表明:冲击荷载会使砂质粉土内部的总应力与孔隙水压力剧增,在应力波的作用下,出现多个峰值,且孔隙水压力在1 s内难以完全消散;80%与90%饱和度的砂质粉土受冲击会在深度方向上形成不同程度的液化,而70%饱和度的砂质粉土受冲击后沿深度方向并未发生液化;砂质粉土发生冲击液化时下部水分会向上部迁移,导致其上部土层含水率骤增,剪切强度骤减;冲击液化过程可划分为初始阶段、冲击挤压阶段和冲击回弹阶段。砂质粉土的冲击液化机理是一种由于快速冲压土体的不排水行为,导致其颗粒原始骨架结构破坏重组,从而引起其内部孔压快速积累的一种液化行为。 相似文献
7.
饱和粉土振动液化分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
液化是造成场地地震破坏的首要原因之一。自Casagrande的经典工作以来,对地震液化的研究已经取得了很大的进展。然而这些研究大多是针对于砂土而进行的,对于粉土液化研究的相对较少,且粉土的液化特性也有别于砂土。因此,在已有研究的基础之上利用粉土液化试验得出的结果,分析了粉土液化的机理、影响因素以及在振动过程中粉土中孔隙水压力的增长规律,认为粉土中的粘粒含量、密实度以及土的结构性对其抗液化能力有较大的影响。考虑到试验中振动次数的离散性,引入了时间参数的概念,根据动三轴试验结果提出了孔隙水压力增长的经验公式,可以比较方便地应用于计算液化的有限元程序中去。 相似文献
8.
通过固结不排水三轴压缩试验,分析了围压、固结比和干密度等因素对饱和粉土静态液化特性的影响。试验结果表明,在干密度较小时,饱和粉土的偏应力-应变曲线呈现明显的硬变软化型,随轴向应变增大超静孔隙水压力增加、有效应力减小而发生静态液化,当干密度达到1.58 g· cm-3时,饱和粉土的偏应力-应变曲线表现出硬变硬化现象,超静孔隙水压力为负值或接近0,饱和粉土不再发生静态液化,即饱和粉土存在静态液化的干密度临界值;其他条件不变,随着围压、固结比或干密度的增大,偏应力峰值和残余强度均增大,静态液化势降低;根据有效应力路径建立了流滑面以作为饱和粉土稳定区与非稳定区的分界面。 相似文献
9.
饱和层状砂土液化特性的动三轴试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用GDS动三轴试验系统采用等幅循环应变加载方式对含有不同厚度粉土的饱和层状砂土进行了液化强度试验。分析了均匀砂和含有不同粉粒层厚度的层状砂土在循环荷载作用下的变形和力学特性。试验分析表明：由于含粉粒夹层的层状土特殊的土体结构,其孔隙水压力发展规律与一般的无黏性砂土不同;饱和层状砂土的抗液化强度并不是随着粉粒层厚度的增加而单调增加的,而是存在一个临界点;液化临界剪应变的大小与液化判别标准和循环次数有很大关系。试验结果表明,粉粒夹层对层状砂土的液化特性有很大的影响,且更能模拟自然环境条件下的层状砂土地基液化特性。 相似文献
10.
Ali Lashkari 《Acta Geotechnica》2016,11(5):987-1014
Adding a small amount of non-plastic silt to clean sands may lead to dramatic loss of shear strength and a noteworthy tendency toward contraction when the mechanical behavior of the mixture is compared with that of the clean host sand. Thus, simulation of the behavior of silty sands with varying fines content is still a challenging subject in geomechanics. A unified constitutive model for clean and silty sands is presented in this paper. To eliminate the factitious decrease of void ratio associated with inactive silt particles in various silty sand mixtures, the concept of equivalent void ratio is used in the model formulation instead of the global void ratio. In addition, the instantaneous soil state is expressed in terms of intergranular state parameter taking into account the combined influence of intergranular void ratio, mean principal effective stress and fines content. Then, dilatancy and plastic hardening modulus are directly linked to the intergranular state parameter. To improve the model capacity in simulation of cyclic tests, new features are added to the plastic hardening modulus. It is shown that the proposed model can reasonably reproduce the mechanical behavior as well as the onset of flow liquefaction instability of clean and silty sands using a unique set of parameters. 相似文献
11.
Wen-Jong Chang Sheng-Huoo Ni An-Bin Huang Yan-Hong Huang Yu-Zhang Yang 《Engineering Geology》2011,(3):235
Geotechnical reconnaissance of a recurrent liquefaction site at a Quaternary alluvial deposit in southern Taiwan was conducted to establish a comprehensive case history for liquefaction on silty fine sand with high fines content. The liquefaction occurred at a silty fine sand layer with D50 = 0.09 mm and fines content greater than 35% and was triggered by a Mw = 6.4 earthquake on March 4, 2010, which induced maximum horizontal acceleration up to 0.189 g at the site. In situ subsurface characterizations, including standard penetration test, cone penetration test, and shear wave velocity measurement, were performed as well as cyclic simple shear tests on undisturbed specimens retrieved by a modified hydraulic piston sampler. Comparisons of cyclic resistance ratios (CRRs) indicate that CPT sounding with standard penetration rate could overestimate the resistance ratio and drainage conditions during penetration should be considered for high fines content soil in the liquefaction analysis. Additionally, variations of CRRs from different in situ tests indicate that correlations among in situ tests and CRR could be soil specific and precautions should be taken when using these curves on silty fine sands. 相似文献
12.
13.
Liquefaction resistance of granular soils is commonly characterized by the cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) in the simplified shear stress procedure of liquefaction potential assessment. This parameter is commonly estimated by cyclic tests on reconstituted samples or empirical correlations between liquefied/non-liquefied case histories. The current study employs results of cyclic triaxial tests on reconstituted soil specimens and presents a predictive equation for cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) of clean and silty sands. The CRR equation is a function of relative density, effective mean confining pressure, non-plastic fines content, number of harmonic cycles for liquefaction onset, and some other basic soil properties. It is demonstrated that the developed relationship obtains reasonable accuracy in the prediction of laboratory-based CRR. Based on the developed CRR model, new relationships are then presented for the coefficient of effective overburden pressure (Kσ) and magnitude scaling factor (MSF), two important modification factors in the simplified shear stress procedure. These new modification factors are then compared with those recommended by previous researchers. Finally, the possible application of the proposed CRR model in field condition is shown for a specific case. This study provides a preliminary insight into the liquefaction resistance of silty sands prior to the complementary laboratory studies. 相似文献
14.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(4):295-306
Recent developments in studies of soil response to earthquake loadings have made it possible to incorporate the rates of pore water pressure build-up in soils in to nonlinear response analyses of the grounds. Such pore pressure changes help in computing the changes in stress-strain behaviour of soils in the deposit progressively as the earthquake progresses. The rate and magnitude of pore pressure generation in soils during seismic loading will have important effects on the shear strength, stability, and settlement characteristics of a soil mass, even if the soil does not liquefy. The results in terms of pore pressure response in soils from a series of experimental investigations using strain-controlled cyclic triaxial tests on soils samples collected from liquefied sites are presented in this paper. The effect of relative density, amplitude of cyclic shear strain, number of loading cycles, confining pressure and frequency of cyclic loading on the pore pressure build-up are studied. Analytical expressions are proposed using regression analysis to define mean relationships between normalized pore water pressure and normalized cycles for the prediction of pore water pressure build-up in silty sands. Also, the pore water pressure build-up in soils is independent of frequency of loading. 相似文献
15.
Silt is available in many parts of the world in combination with sands and clays. However, due to lack of clear understanding of its engineering behaviour, most of the time it is interpreted in terms of either sands or clays. Structures that are usually built on silty soils are designed to take into account design procedures developed for sandy or clayey soils. Presence of silts in combination with varying amount of sand and clays produces silt that is either plastic or non-plastic in nature. Silt is available in and around the Delhi region, in a majority mixture along with fine sands, which is non-plastic in nature. On the other hand silty deposits found in offshore Bombay High region are found in abundance along with significant amounts of clays and are termed as plastic silts. In this paper a comparison of the stress-strain behaviour of plastic and non-plastic silts is carried out under triaxial compression loading during both drained and undrained conditions. Two representative samples each from Delhi and Bombay High regions were considered for this comparison and results of stress-strain under four sets of confining pressure are discussed in detail. It is observed from this study that behaviour of silts is mainly dependent on the composition and structure of the resultant soil matrix. It is concluded from the results that shear strength parameters as well as volume change/pore pressure response of silty soils is dominated by the constituent soil present along with the silt. It is seen from the comparative behaviour of non-plastic and plastic silts that the presence of sand and clays has a governing effect on pore pressure development and the resultant friction angle. The study also corroborated that the nature of silt is transitional both in the case of plastic and non-plastic forms. 相似文献
16.
The study is concerned with the influence of various factors on vibro compaction in calcareous soils, This include effect
of carbonate content, and influence of pore water pressures in sand, settlements during vibrocompaction, vibroaccelerations
during sand column installation compared to earthquake accelerations and finally the liquefaction design based on average
CPT parameters. Previous experiences with calcareous sands and literature review confirm the necessity to apply a correlation
factor for calcareous material to the raw cone penetration resistance CPT values obtained in the field. Because of the very
fragile grains of the Dubai calcareous sands the penetration resistance will be influenced by crushing and grinding. To accommodate
for effect of calcareous sands on measured CPT values, a best fit correlations formula called here “correlation factor” is
developed. A parametric dynamic triaxial liquefaction testing programme has been executed on representative samples with loose
and dense zones. Representative testing parameters for field conditions and earthquake design accelerations have been applied
indicating that ground improvement is necessary. It was observed during the dynamic triaxial tests that the whole soil mass
consisting of dense columns and looser zones in between behaves jointly, and therefore compaction control using an average-CPT
approach is possible. 相似文献
17.
In the recent earthquakes, numerous cases of liquefaction occurred in sands containing both plastic and nonplastic fines that resulted in significant damage. Most previous research efforts have focused on clean sands regardless whether the sand contain fines or not made evident by widespread shallow foundation failures, numerous cases of settlement, and lateral displacement. Still, despite the amount of related research, results seem somewhat contradictory. This study directly demonstrates the beneficial or detrimental effect of uncertainty surcharges on seismic responses. Models were subjected to two destructive realistic events with similar PGA with various frequency contents and duration. In this paper, the dynamic analyses were conducted as fully non-linear elasto-plastic coupled stress-flow analyses with coupled liquefaction triggering which reasonably captured the actual behavior. The silty sand deposits underlying the surcharge are capable of liquefying and developing large shear deformations that can cause serious damage. Therefore, excess pore water pressure ratio cannot be enough by itself to evaluate liquefaction potential, so the deformations should be examined. Numerical results provide an estimate of the seismic performance liquefiable deposits underlying the surcharge; these results can be useful for a realistic practical engineering. 相似文献
18.
液化土层中桩基水平承载特性分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
通过桩土相互作用的振动台模型试验,获得了不同相对密度的砂土在振动液化过程中桩身弯矩随土层振动累积孔压的变化关系。进而通过拟静力方法,确定了土层液化过程中的衰化p-y曲线,并计算出桩身弯矩的分布。计算结果与实测结果的比较分析表明：若土层的振动累积孔压比ru≤比≤0.2时,桩的水平承载能力没有明显降低。当土层的振动累积孔压比ru≥0.8时,若土层的相对密度Dr≤40 %,桩的水平承载能力降低90 %;若土层的相对密度Dr≥50 %,桩的水平承载能力降低75 %。 相似文献
19.
冻融循环对土的结构以及物理力学性质有着重要影响,其变化与冻融过程中的孔隙水压力变化有密切关系。但土体冻结过程中的孔隙水压力测试一直是冻土土工测试试验的技术难题。针对这一难题,研发了一种适用于冻结土体孔隙水压力测试的探头,并对砂土和粉质黏土在冻融循环过程中的孔隙水压力发展变化进行了实时监测,获得了圆柱试样冻融循环过程中不同深度处的孔隙水压力变化过程。在冻结过程中,粉质黏土形成冻结缘区及可视的分凝冰,而砂土则无冻结缘及分凝冰的形成。冻融循环过程中土体内部的孔隙水压力变化受温度、冻结速率、冻融循环以及土质等因素的影响。孔隙水压力随温度的循环变化而经历周期性变化：冻结过程中,孔隙水压力不断下降,吸力不断增加;融化过程中,孔隙水压力增大。而冻结速率、冻融循环及土质主要对孔隙水压力降的幅值变化产生影响。此外,冻结锋面位置附近孔隙水压力的下降、吸力的增加,正是水分由未冻区向冻结区迁移的主要驱动力。根据以上试验结果及其理论分析发现,所研制的孔隙水压力探头具有一定的实用性。 相似文献
20.
Shear strength and pore-water pressure characteristics of sandy soil mixed with plastic fine 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Recent earthquake case histories have revealed the liquefaction of mixtures of sand and fine particles during earthquakes. Different from earlier studies which placed an emphasis on characterisation of liquefaction in terms of the induced shear stress required to cause liquefaction, this study adopted a strain approach because excess pore-water pressure generation is controlled mainly by the level of induced shear strains. The current study includes the results of a set of laboratory tests carried out on sand specimens with the same relative densities and variation in the plastic fines (kaolinite or bentonite) contents ranging from 0 to either 30 % and consolidated at mean confining pressure of 100, 200 and 300 kPa using static triaxial test apparatus, in order to study the influence of fine content and other parameters on the undrained shear strength and liquefaction potential of clayey sand specimens; also, pore-water pressures in the specimens are discussed. Results of tests show that the peak strength decreases as the fines (kaolinite or bentonite) content increases up to a threshold content of fines (FCth) after which, increases in plastic fine content lead to improve the peak shear strength of specimens, and also the ultimate steady-state strength has been improved due to the increased in plastic fines content. Also, pore pressure build-up in clayey sands is generally slower than that observed in pure sand. 相似文献