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1.
积云参数化和微物理方案不同组合应用对台风路径模拟效果的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用美国国家环境预测中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)和国家大气研究中心(NCAR)联合研发的天气研究和预报模式(Weather Research and Forecasting Model,WRF),研究了不同积云对流参数化方案和微物理过程方案对0514号台风"彩蝶"路径的影响.结果表明,积云对流参数化方案对台风路径影响较大,KF方案比BM方案能更好地模拟出台风路径;使用KF方案时,选择微物理方案比不选微物理方案对于台风路径有更好的模拟结果,其中,Ferrier、WSM6和Lin非常接近于实况;KF方案较好地模拟出副热带高压(简称副高)的西伸和东退的变化以及台风环流的风场分布和强度. 相似文献
2.
高分辨率模式中积云参数化方案对模拟台风“凡亚比”的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在高水平分辨率模式(3～6 km)中,对于是否应该再使用积云参数化方案,仍存在着争论.为此,利用WRF模式,在5 km水平分辨率下,研究了不同云降水方案对一次台风过程模拟的影响,并对影响原因进行了初步探索.结果表明,即使在5 km高水平分辨率下,使用积云参数化方案仍能有效改善对台风路径的模拟,同时,成熟的混合冰相微物理方案对模拟台风路径也非常重要;对台风强度模拟,对积云参数化方案的选择较为敏感和复杂;在48 h预报时效内,只使用微物理方案模拟的降水较好,使用积云参数化方案容易产生较多的虚假降水,但能改善第3天24 h累积降水模拟.这些研究结果为利用高水平分辨率模式模拟台风和改进积云参数化方案提供一定借鉴. 相似文献
3.
对流参数化与微物理过程的耦合及其对台风预报的影响研究 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
在SAS（Relaxed Arakawa-schubert Scheme）对流参数化方案中引入对流云和层状云的相互耦合机制,并通过一个台风个例对改进前后两种方案的预报效果进行了比较。试验结果表明：对于台风这种对流云和层状云相互作用非常强烈的天气系统,在对流参数化方案中引入对流云和层状云的耦合机制可以有效地提高模式对台风路径的预报水平,但是对于台风强度的预报效果不明显。考虑对流参数化和微物理过程耦合后模式的参数化降水变弱而格点降水增强,与NCEP再分析资料的对比发现,改进方案对于台风外围的大尺度温度场和湿度场的预报会有所改进,但仍然存在偏干偏冷的现象。对雨和雪的不同处理方式、不同云底条件以及是否考虑雨雪的卷入抬升三个方面进行了敏感性试验,发现72 h内模式预报结果对这些因素的差异不是很敏感。从多个个例的统计结果来看,新方案对台风路径预报的改进效果是比较稳定的。 相似文献
4.
WRF模式中的微物理过程及其预报对比试验 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
WRF(Weather Research Forecast)模式系统是由许多美国研究部门及大学的科学家共同参与进行开发研究的新一代中尺度同化预报系统。本文主要对公开发布的WRF模式V2.0版本中使用的微物理过程方案进行简单介绍,并在国家气象中心建立的与T213中期预报模式相嵌套的预报系统的基础上,对不同微物理过程方案进行了降水预报对比试验和检验,对各方案的降水预报性能进行初步评估。试验结果表明,总体预报效果LIN方案较好,而对流参数化方案从降水落区预报和对流降水对总降水的贡献两方面看则是KF和NKF方案的预报效果较好。 相似文献
5.
基于WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式及其3Dvar(3-Dimentional Variational)资料同化系统,采用36、12、4 km嵌套网格进行快速更新循环同化和不同的微物理及积云对流参数化方案对比试验,对2011年5月8日鲁中一次局地大暴雨过程进行了研究。结果表明,快速更新循环同化地面观测资料是影响模式降水落区预报准确性的关键因素,不同的微物理和积云对流参数化方案主要影响降水强度预报。采用不同的微物理参数化方案和积云对流参数化方案进行降水预报对比试验表明,LIN方案和WSM6(WRF Single-Moment 6-class)微物理参数化方案对降水预报均较好,LIN方案降水预报较WSM6方案略强。4 km网格预报使用K-F (Kain-Fritsch)积云对流参数化方案或不使用积云对流参数化方案,预报的降水均较好。4 km网格使用旧的K-F积云对流参数化方案,预报的近地层大气风场偏弱,导致大气动力抬升作用偏弱,从而造成模式降水预报偏弱。 相似文献
6.
The impact of different cloud microphysics parameterization schemes on the intensity and structure of the
Super-strong Typhoon Rammasun (1409) in 2014 is investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model
version 3.4 with eight cloud microphysics parameterization schemes. Results indicate that the uncertainty of cloud
microphysics schemes results in typhoon forecast uncertainties, which increase with forecast time. Typhoon forecast
uncertainty primarily affects intensity predictions, with significant differences in predicted typhoon intensity using the
various cloud microphysics schemes. Typhoon forecast uncertainty also affects the predicted typhoon structure.
Greater typhoon intensity is accompanied by smaller vortex width, tighter vortex structure, stronger wind in the
middle and lower troposphere, greater height of the strong wind region, smaller thickness of the eyewall and the
outward extension of the eyewall, and a warmer warm core at upper levels of the eye. The differences among the
various cloud microphysics schemes lead to the different amounts and distributions of water vapor and hydrometeors
in clouds. Different hydrometeors have different vertical distributions. In the radial direction, the maxima for the
various hydrometeors forecast by a single cloud microphysics scheme are collocated with each other and with the
center of maximum precipitation. When the hydrometeor concentration is high and hydrometeors exist at lower
altitudes, more precipitation often occurs. Both the vertical and horizontal winds are the strongest at the location of
maximum precipitation. Results also indicate that typhoon intensities forecast by cloud microphysics schemes
containing graupel processes are noticeably greater than those forecast by schemes without graupel processes. Among
the eight cloud microphysics schemes investigated, typhoon intensity forecasts using the WRF Single-Moment 6-class
and Thompson schemes are the most accurate. 相似文献
7.
Jamaludin Suhaila S. M. Deni Wan Zawiah Wan Zin Abdul Aziz Jemain 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2010,106(1-2):1-18
Model precipitation can be produced implicitly through convective parameterization schemes or explicitly through cloud microphysics schemes. These two precipitation production schemes control the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation and consequently can yield distinct vertical profiles of heating and moistening in the atmosphere. The partition between implicit and explicit precipitation can be different as the model changes resolutions. Within the range of mesoscale resolutions (about 20 km) and cumulus scale, hybrid solutions are suggested, in which cumulus convection parameterization is acting together with the explicit form of representation. In this work, it is proposed that, as resolution increases, the convective scheme should convert less condensed water into precipitation. Part of the condensed water is made available to the cloud microphysics scheme and another part evaporates. At grid sizes smaller than 3 km, the convective scheme is still active in removing convective instability, but precipitation is produced by cloud microphysics. The Eta model version using KF cumulus parameterization was applied in this study. To evaluate the quantitative precipitation forecast, the Eta model with the KF scheme was used to simulate precipitation associated with the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) and Cold Front (CF) events. Integrations with increasing horizontal resolutions were carried out for up to 5 days for the SACZ cases and up to 2 days for the CF cases. The precipitation partition showed that most of precipitation was generated by the implicit scheme. As the grid size decreased, the implicit precipitation increased and the explicit decreased. However, as model horizontal resolution increases, it is expected that precipitation be represented more explicitly. In the KF scheme, the fraction of liquid water or ice, generated by the scheme, which is converted into rain or snow is controlled by a parameter S 1. An additional parameter was introduced into KF scheme and the parameter acts to evaporate a fraction of liquid water or ice left in the model grid by S 1 and return moisture to the resolved scale. An F parameter was introduced to combine the effects of S 1 and S 2 parameters. The F parameter gives a measure of the conversion of cloud liquid water or ice to convective precipitation. A function dependent on the horizontal resolution was introduced into the KF scheme to influence the implicit and explicit precipitation partition. The explicit precipitation increased with model resolution. This function reduced the positive precipitation bias at all thresholds and for the studied weather systems. With increased horizontal resolution, the maximum precipitation area was better positioned and the total precipitation became closer to observations. Skill scores for all events at different forecast ranges showed precipitation forecast improvement with the inclusion of the function F. 相似文献
8.
将中国气象科学研究院（CAMS）混合双参数云微物理方案用于中尺度天气模式WRF,开展了对2013年超强台风天兔（1319）的模拟,通过与台风最佳路径、强度及热带降雨测量卫星（TRMM）资料对比,分析CAMS云微物理方案在模拟台风中的适用性及云微物理过程对模拟台风天兔的影响机制。设计了3组敏感性试验:修改雪粒子质量和落速系数（EXP1）,采用海洋性云滴参数（EXP2）,同时修改雪粒子质量和落速系数并采用海洋性云滴参数（EXP3）。结果表明:EXP1和EXP3由于霰碰并雪速率的增加及减小的雪下落通量,导致雪含量显著降低,同时也减少了整体冰相物的含量;EXP2和EXP3模拟的台风眼区对流有效位能快速减小,再现了前期台风的快速增强过程,路径偏差也最小;各试验模拟的小时降水率总体偏强,EXP3的降水空间分布与实况更接近,明显降低雪粒子含量,并一定程度上改善模拟的台风路径、强度及降水分布等。该结果不但可为改进适用于台风的云微物理参数化方案提供思路,也可加深云微物理过程对台风影响的认识。 相似文献
9.
利用WRFV3. 6的8种微物理方案和6种积云参数化方案对湖北及其周边地区夏季12次暴雨过程进行回报,分析各种方案对暴雨预报的影响。结果显示,各种方案均能较好地预报出降水过程,但其降水强度和范围存在一定差异。当积云参数化方案为KF方案时,对Lin、WSM6、Thompson、Morrison 2-mom、CAM5. 1、WDM5、WDM6、NSSL 2-mom微物理方案做敏感性试验,发现CAM 5. 1方案优于其他7种微物理方案,M orrison 2-mom次之。当微物理方案为CAM 5. 1时,对KF、BM J、GD、SAS、G3D、Tiedtke积云参数化方案做敏感性试验,发现在不同量级降水预报中,6种积云参数化方案各有优劣。综合考虑,GD、SAS、Tiedtke积云参数化方案优于其他3种方案。在此基础上开展多方案集成试验,结果表明集合平均(ensemble mean,EMN)在一定程度上可以减少预报误差,降低单个成员预报的不确定性。 相似文献
10.
CHEN Zitong ZHANG Chengzhong HUANG Yanyan FENG Yerong ZHONG Shuixin DAI Guangfeng XU Daosheng YANG Zhaoli 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(4):510-523
Super Typhoon Haiyan was the most notable typhoon in 2013. In this study, results from the operational prediction of Haiyan by a tropical regional typhoon model for the South China Sea are analyzed. It is shown that the model has successfully reproduced Haiyan’s rapid passage through the Philippines and its northward deflection after its second landfall in Vietnam. However, the predicted intensity of Haiyan is weaker than the observed. An analysis of higher-resolution model simulations indicates that the storm is characterized by an upper-level warm core during its mature stage and a deep layer of easterly flow. Sensitivity experiments are conducted to study the impact of certain physical processes such as the interaction between stratus and cumulus clouds on the improvement of the typhoon intensity forecast. It is found that appropriate boundary layer and cumulus convective parameterizations, and orographic gravity-wave parameterization, as well as improved initial conditions and increased horizontal grid resolution, all help to improve the intensity forecast of Haiyan. 相似文献
11.
12.
The basic structure and cloud features of Typhoon Nida
(2016) are simulated using a new microphysics scheme (Liuma)
within the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Typhoon
characteristics simulated with the Liuma microphysics scheme are
compared with observations and those simulated with a commonly-
used microphysics scheme (WSM6). Results show that using
different microphysics schemes does not significantly alter the
track of the typhoon but does significantly affect the intensity
and the cloud structure of the typhoon. Results also show that
the vertical distribution of cloud hydrometeors and the
horizontal distribution of peripheral rainband are affected by
the microphysics scheme. The mixing ratios of rain water and
graupel correlate highly with the vertical velocity component
and equivalent potential temperature at the typhoon eye-wall
region. According to the simulation with WSM 6 scheme, it is
likely that the very low typhoon central pressure results from
the positive feedback between hydrometeors and typhoon
intensity. As the ice-phase hydrometeors are mostly graupel in
the Liuma microphysics scheme, further improvement in this
aspect is required. 相似文献
13.
超强台风"海燕"是2013年最著名的台风。分析中国南海台风模式对"海燕"整个过程的预报,发现模式基本预报出"海燕"的快速穿过菲律宾和登陆越南后北翘东折的移动路径,但也存在一些不足,例如强度预报偏弱。通过高分辨率数值模拟分析了"海燕"的变化机理,发现高层暖心、高中低层一致东风气流是其超强发展和快速西移的主要特征。进一步的模式预报试验中,探讨了模拟技术对提高台风预报水平的影响作用。分析结果表明,准确的模式物理参数化(如边界层、积云对流和地形参数化)和模式初始大气构造等,以及提高模式分辨率有助于提高台风预报水平。 相似文献
14.
中尺度降水集合预报随机参数扰动方法敏感性试验 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
中尺度降水模式预报具有很大的不确定性,为更好地描述与模式降水预报密切相关的物理过程关键参数的不确定性,基于中国气象局GRAPES（Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System）中尺度区域集合预报模式,从对模式降水预报不确定性有较大影响的积云对流、云微物理、边界层及近地面层等4个参数化方案中选取了18个关键参数,设计了一种随机参数扰动方案（Stochastically Perturbed Parameterization,SPP）,并通过2015年6—7月总计10 d的随机扰动集合预报试验,对比分析了SPP方案对不同物理过程参数扰动敏感性、随机场时、空尺度敏感性、能量变化特征及其集合预报效果。结果显示,对所选择的任一物理过程参数化方案增加SPP扰动后,降水及等压面要素的概率预报技巧优于无SPP扰动的预报,而扰动积云对流和边界层过程中的参数较扰动云微物理过程中的参数影响更显著,且同时扰动积云对流、云微物理、边界层及近地面层参数化方案中的18个参数的集合预报效果优于扰动任何单一物理过程中的部分参数,表明SPP方案能够有效地提高中尺度降水概率预报技巧;从能量变化特征可知,不同物理过程的参数扰动对动能、内能和总能量的影响层次和特征有所不同,但总体而言,扰动前后各项能量基本相同;随机场时、空尺度敏感性试验发现,SPP扰动随机场时间、空间相关尺度对集合预报效果有明显影响,当扰动随机场选用12 h抗相关时间及截断波数20时,集合预报结果最优。上述结果表明,SPP随机参数扰动方案不仅能够有效提高集合概率预报效果,还能够提高集合降水概率预报技巧,具有良好的业务应用与发展前景。 相似文献
15.
基于集合Kalman滤波数据同化的热带气旋路径集合预报研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
构建了一个基于集合Kalman滤波数据同化的热带气旋集合预报系统,通过积云参数化方案和边界层参数化方案的9个不同组合,采用MM5模式进行了不同时间的短时预报。对预报结果使用“镜像法”得到18个初始成员,为同化提供初始背景集合。将人造台风作为观测场,同化后的结果作为集合预报的初值,通过不同参数组合的MM5模式进行集合预报。对2003～2004年16个台风个例的分析表明,初始成员产生方法能够对热带气旋的要素场、中心强度和位置进行合理扰动。同化结果使台风强度得到加强,结构更接近实际。基于同化的集合路径预报结果要优于未同化的集合预报。使用“镜像法”增加集合成员提高了预报准确度,路径预报误差在48小时和72小时分别低于200 km和250 km。 相似文献
16.
17.
WRF模式中不同积云对流参数化方案对比试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文主要对基于WRF模式的快速同化系统 (RUC) 中使用的积云对流参数化方案进行简单介绍, 并对不同积云对流参数化方案进行了典型个例降水预报的对比试验和检验。结果表明, 总体预报效果以KF和GD方案较好, 具体表现在雨区分布及大暴雨中心强度, 对流降水对总降水贡献, 在中低层流场高低值系统分布, 以及冷空气活动引起的变温正负中心强度及位置, KF和GD方案模拟结果可以较好地反映观测实况, TS评分结果也表明KF和GD方案在小级别降水预报中占有优势。 相似文献
18.
AN IMPROVEMENT OF STATISTICAL PREDICTION OF TYPHOON TRACKS 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper, a statistical interpretation composite forecast model for typhoon track is set up by using numerical forecast products and several forecast schemes. Tested in 1994 typhoon season, its forecastperformance is much better than that of a previous statistical forecast model. The test shows that it is aneffective method that sufficiently Anproves objective forecast of typhoon track using the numerical forecast output products obtained in forecast and adopting several schemes in composition. 相似文献
19.
基于WRF模式,采用4层嵌套方案,选取3种积云参数化方案和7种微物理方案组成21种组合,对清江流域2016—2018年6—10月6次典型降雨事件进行数值预报,结合CMORPH卫星-地面自动站-雷达三源融合降水产品,采用TS评分和FSS评分,分析不同分辨率和云微物理方案的降雨预报效果;基于较优组合方案的WRF模式与WRF-Hydro水文模式耦合进行径流模拟,分析WRF模式在水文模拟中的应用效果。结果表明:3 km和1 km分辨率对降雨中心位置及强度预报的差别不大,对降雨落区都有较好的预报能力;在积云参数化方案中,KF方案和BMJ方案的降雨预报效果优于GF方案;在微物理方案中,WSM3、WSM5、WSM6、Thompson方案的预报结果与融合数据有较好的一致性;基于较优组合方案BMJ_WSM3,将WRF模式与WRF-Hydro模式耦合,耦合模式能较好地模拟洪水过程,径流模拟相关系数都在0.67以上,且NSE最高可达0.79。 相似文献
20.
2011年“洛克”和“桑卡”双台风预报效果的初值试验研究 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
采用南海台风模式,对2011年业务预报误差较大的台风“洛克”（1115）和“桑卡”（1116）双台风的初值方案进行试验和研究,目的在于寻求改进预报的线索,从而提升台风模式性能。针对“洛克”和“桑卡”台风设计了几组初值方案对比试验,结果表明,仅对弱台风“桑卡”进行重定位和bogus的初值处理,与对双台风都进行初值处理相比较,两台风的路径预报误差减小。分析认为仅对弱台风作初值处理以改善其涡旋环流的影响是该双台风路径预报得以改进的原因。对2011—2012年所有弱台风进行批量预报试验,结果表明对弱台风采用重定位和bogus的初值处理,台风路径预报和强度预报的误差减小。对弱台风进行重定位和bogus初值处理,可改善模式对弱台风的预报效果。此外,目前南海台风模式中现有的bogus方法构造的涡旋相对于弱台风而言云顶偏高,可考虑发展针对弱台风的涡旋模型。 相似文献