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1.
西向漂移是地磁场长期变化最重要的特点之一,而西漂最显著的部分是非偶极子场部分．本文以１９００-２０００年国际参考地磁场（ＩＧＲＦ）为依据,运用无线电科学中的"移动变形图案相关分析"方法对近百年来东亚大陆磁异常的漂移运动进行了分析,得到磁异常各分量漂移矢量随时间的变化．结果表明,最能代表地磁场西漂特征的Ｚ分量异常近百年来平均西漂速度为０.０７°／ａ,明显小于全球磁场西漂的平均速度０．２°／ａ．Ｚ分量还显示出０.０２°／ａ的缓慢北向漂移．详细分析还表明,东亚大陆磁异常的漂移分为３个阶段：１９００-１９３０年为较快的西漂,平均速度为０.１０°／ａ;１９３０-１９８０年为西北向漂移,平均西漂速度分量０．０７°／ａ,北漂速度分量为０．０４°／ａ;１９８０年后漂移几乎停止,并有转为东漂的迹象． 相似文献
2.
地磁场的漂移运动和强度变化 总被引：4，自引：6，他引：4
在修正了Briggs提出的移动变形图案相关分析法基础上,对全球非偶极子磁场以及6个行星尺度磁异常区的漂移特性和强度变化进行了研究.结果表明,在1900-2000年期间,全球非偶极子磁场以0.15°/a的平均速度向西漂移,强度累计增长了29%;6个行星尺度异常区的西漂运动存在明显差异,其中漂移最快的是赤道附近的非洲异常,平均西漂速度为0.26°/a,其次是南半球的澳大利亚异常(0.23°/a),最慢的是欧亚异常(0.09°/a).除西漂外,大多数异常区还有较小的北向漂移.在1940-1955年期间北半球的欧亚、北美和北大西洋3个异常区以及赤道地区的非洲异常几乎同时由西漂或西南漂转为西北向漂移;紧接着,南半球的南大西洋和澳大利亚两个异常区的漂移特征也发生明显变化,主要是漂移明显减慢,而不是漂移方向的转折.在6个异常区中,澳大利亚、南大西洋、非洲和欧亚4个异常区的强度有明显增加,而北美和北大西洋两个异常区的强度则显示了减小的趋势. 相似文献
3.
根据第8代国际参考地磁场的资料,本文采用Briggs方法对1900～2000年期间m=1～10次谐波的磁位的全球平均西向漂移速度进行了计算和分析,得出了与Hide的理论预测完全不同的频散特征,即地磁场西向漂移呈现出负频散特征.本文还就Briggs方法得到的结果与采用Malin纬度剖面法的结果进行了比较和讨论,结果表明,正是由于非偶极子磁场的某些谐波分量及其漂移速度的全球分布存在着纬度依赖性,导致了两种方法计算出的个别谐波的漂移速度存在着较大的差异. 相似文献
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本文用矩谐分析方法得到了中国及邻近地区地磁场的三维模型。通过对本区磁异常水平分布特征及垂直递减率的分析可以推论出:中国及邻区的地磁测量资料会对国际地磁参考场（IGRF）的八极子（n=3）和更高阶磁极子（n>3）的系数计算产生影响。在1965-1970年期间,西藏磁异常中心及西太平洋磁异常中心以0.4°/年的平均速率西漂,同时以0.2°-0.6°/年的平均速率向北移动;X和Y分量的异常极值以3γ/年的速率增强,Z分量的异常极值以2-7γ/年的速率在减弱。 相似文献
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利用第11代IGRF模型,研究了1980-2010年期间的地球主磁场的变化特性,其中包括偶极子磁场、非偶极子磁场、西向漂移和非偶极磁场强度.结果显示1980-2010年30年期间,非偶极子磁场异常中,南大西洋正磁异常、非洲负磁异常、大洋洲负磁异常、北美正磁异常区域西漂现象任然存在,而东亚正磁异常区域具有一定的东向漂移趋势.异常区除了存在西漂之外,其强度也在不断变化的,2010年南大西洋正磁异常Z分量大小相比1900年增加了41.2%,1980年以来以73.8 nT/yr的速度增长,相比上个世纪速度在增加.非洲负磁异常增加了59.4%,1980年以来以48.0 nT/yr的速度增长.这个增长速度低于上个世纪平均增长速度(64.9 nT/yr).东亚正磁异常增加了21.6%,近三十年以11.67 nT/yr的速度增加.大洋洲负磁异常110年增加了58%,并且现在还以41.3 nT/yr的速度增长.而北美正磁异常减少了40.7%,并且有减弱的越来越快的趋势,110年来平均减小的速度为30.2 nT/yr,而近三十年以49.46 nT/yr的速度减弱. 相似文献
7.
核幔界面反极性磁斑区和地磁场倒转 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
用国际参考地磁场模型ＩＧＲＦ１９００－２０００，在忽略地幔电导率的假设下，求出从地球表面直至核幔界面（ＣＭＢ）的深部地磁场分布．核幔界面磁场分布的重要特点之一是存在几块“反极性磁斑区”，即在南半球－Ｚ（向上）极性区的总体背景上有两块东西排列的＋Ｚ反极性磁斑区──南非斑区（ＳＡＦ）和南美斑区（ＳＡＭ），而在北半球＋Ｚ（向下）极性区的总体背景上也有两块－Ｚ反极性磁斑区──北极斑区（ＮＰＬ）和北太平洋斑区（ＮＰＡ）．在１９００～２０００年的１００ａ当中，南非斑区以０．２～０．３°／ａ的速度快速向西漂移，斑区面积增大了５倍，通过斑区的磁通量急剧增长了３０倍．与此相比，其他斑区的变化要小得多．从ＣＭＢ向上延伸，反极性斑区在地幔中形成烟筒状的“反极性磁柱”，其中南非反极性柱的高度随时间快速增加，从１９００年的２００ｋｍ增加到２０００年的９００ｋｍ．按照目前的增长速度估计，６００～７００ａ后，南非反极性柱将出露地表，那时，在南非将形成一个地磁场反极性区，这可能标志着一次新的地磁极移或地磁场倒转的开始．由此可以推论，地磁场倒转可能不是全球同时开始和同步发展的，倒转现象更象是首先在一个（或几个）区域出现，然后向周围扩展，继而 相似文献
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IGRF（国际地磁参考场）资料在地磁学的基础研究中得到广泛的应用.利用IGRF国内外学者研究了高斯分析、地球磁场模型及其源场可能位置、重磁关系、核幔耦合、地磁场能量、地球非偶极子磁场以及长期变化场的西向漂移等,研究了IGRF在我国地区的误差以及产生的原因.在研制中国地磁等值图中也得到某些应用. 相似文献
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利用Bloxham & Jackson 地磁场模型和国际参考地磁场模型(IGRF),研究了1690～2000年地磁总能量及其北向、东向和垂直向分量的能量以及非偶极子磁场的能量在地球内部的分布及长期变化.结果表明,地表和地核以外地磁场总能量及其北向和垂直向的能量是持续衰减的,垂直向的磁场能量占总能量的64％以上,对总能量的贡献起主要作用;东向分量的能量随时间的变化以增加为主.地磁场的能量变化率存在56年的周期,主要是由偶极子磁场产生的.地表以外的非偶极子磁能从减小到增大转折出现在1770年,比地核以外滞后40年.地球内部磁能随时间的变化显示,偶极子磁能逐渐减小,非偶极子磁能增加,越靠近核幔边界增加越快;偶极子和非偶极子磁能的变化量相等的分界面在距地心3780km处.从核幔边界到地表,磁能变化的衰减非偶极子比偶极子快,表明偶极子磁场比非偶极子磁场有更深的场源. 相似文献
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国际地磁参考场资料在我国得到广泛应用。利用国际地磁参考场资料，我国学者研究了高斯分析、地球磁场模型及其源场可能位置、重磁关系、核幔耦合、地磁场能量、地球非偶极子磁场西向漂移等。在绘制中国地磁等值图中也利用了某些国际地磁参考场资料。 相似文献
11.
The specific features of the spatial structure and time dynamics of the main geomagnetic field during the 20th century, proceeding
from the present-day concepts of geomagnetic jerks have been studied. The variations, caused by global dissipation of the
geomagnetic field dipole part, have been separated from the regional variations, described by nondipole spatial harmonics
of the spherical harmonic expansion series. It has been indicated that the geomagnetic field westward drift manifests itself
in a limited region of the Earth’s surface, forming the known Brazil anomaly. However, the drift component in the variations
in the geomagnetic field morphological structures is globally found out during the considered almost 100-year period along
the narrow belt around the geomagnetic axis. However, this drift is northwestward in the Northern Hemisphere, and the structures
drift southeastward in the Southern Hemisphere. The detected variations of the drift nature are reflected in the variations
in the integral geomagnetic characteristic, when changes in the position of the Earth’s magnetic center are considered. The
direct correlation between the global geomagnetic variations of the drift nature and the trend variations in the orientation
of the vector of the Earth daily rotation velocity has been detected. 相似文献
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地球非偶极磁场在主磁场结构及其长期变化中起着重要作用.非偶极磁场主要表现为行星尺度磁异常,它们是南大西洋磁异常、非洲磁异常、欧亚大陆磁异常、澳洲磁异常和北美磁异常.在这5块磁异常中,非洲磁异常对磁赤道的形状和位置以及全球长期变化特征有极大的影响.非洲磁异常的重要性主要表现在3方面：第一,由于异常区位于赤道这一特殊的地理位置,所以它极大地影响磁赤道的形状和位置.相对于偶极场的地磁赤道而言,异常区所在的中北非洲和中大西洋地区的磁赤道向北移动,最大移动量可达约15°.第二,非洲磁异常的快速西漂对全球长期变化的分布起着决定性作用,它在该异常区西边的中美洲形成了全球最主要的长期变化区,在1900~2005年期间,最大年变率Zmax超过200 nT/a.第三,非洲负磁异常区与其南面的南大西洋正磁异常区相结合,〖HJ〗它们的变化使西半球地磁场强度大大减弱,也使全球磁场发生显著畸变.这两块磁异常与深部的反极性斑区有着成因联系. 相似文献
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V. A. Dergachev S. S. Vasiliev O. M. Raspopov H. Jungner 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2012,52(8):959-976
Recent studies have shown that, in addition to the role of solar variability, past climate changes may have been connected with variations in the Earth??s magnetic field elements at various timescales. An analysis of variations in geomagnetic field elements, such as field intensity, reversals, and excursions, allowed us to establish a link between climate changes at various timescales over the last millennia. Of particular interest are sharp changes in the geomagnetic field intensity and short reversals of the magnetic poles (excursions). The beginning and termination of the examined geomagnetic excursions can be attributed to periods of climate change. In this study, we analyzed the possible link between short-term geomagnetic variability (jerks) and climate change, as well as the accelerated drift of the north magnetic pole and surface temperature variations. The results do not rule out the possibility that geomagnetic field variations which modulate the cosmic ray flux could have played a major role in climate change in addition to previously induced by solar radiation. 相似文献
15.
《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2007,69(7):835-859
A comparison between the modeled NmF2 and hmF2 and NmF2 and hmF2, which were observed by the Kokubunji, Okinawa, Manila, Vanimo, and Darwin ionospheric sounders and by the middle and upper (MU) atmosphere radar, have been used to study the time-dependent response of the low-latitude ionosphere to geomagnetic forcing during a time series of geomagnetic storms from 22 to 26 April 1990. The reasonable agreement between the model results and data requires the modified equatorial meridional E×B plasma drift, the modified HWM90 wind, and the modified NRLMSISE-00 neutral densities. We found that changes in a flux of plasma into the nighttime equatorial F2-region from higher L-shells to lower L-shells caused by the meridional component of the E×B plasma drift lead to enhancements in NmF2 close to the geomagnetic equator. The equatorward wind-induced plasma drift along magnetic field lines, which cross the Earth equatorward of about 20° geomagnetic latitude in the northern hemisphere and about −19° geomagnetic latitude in the southern hemisphere, contributes to the maintenance of the F2-layer close to the geomagnetic equator. The nighttime weakening of the equatorial zonal electric field (in comparison with that produced by the empirical model of Fejer and Scherliess [Fejer, B.G., Scherliess, L., 1997. Empirical models of storm time equatorial zonal electric fields. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 24047–24056] or Scherliess and Fejer [Scherliess, L., Fejer, B.G., 1999. Radar and satellite global equatorial F region vertical drift model. J. Geophys. Res. 104, 6829–6842) in combination with corrected equatorward nighttime wind-induced plasma drift along magnetic field lines in the both geomagnetic hemispheres are found to be the physical mechanism of the nighttime NmF2 enhancement formation close to the geomagnetic equator over Manila during 22–26 April 1990. The model crest-to-trough ratios of the equatorial anomaly are used to study the relative role of the main mechanisms of the equatorial anomaly suppression for the 22–26 April 1990 geomagnetic storms. During the most part of the studied time period, a total contribution from geomagnetic storm disturbances in the neutral temperature and densities to the equatorial anomaly changes is less than that from meridional neutral winds and variations in the E×B plasma drift. It is shown that the latitudinal positions of the crests are determined by the E×B drift velocity and the neutral wind velocity. 相似文献
16.
We study magnetic field variations in numerical models of the geodynamo, with convection driven by nonuniform heat flow imposed at the outer boundary. We concentrate on cases with a boundary heat flow pattern derived from seismic anomalies in the lower mantle. At a Rayleigh number of about 100 times critical with respect to the onset of convection, the magnetic field is dominated by the axial dipole component and has a similar spectral distribution as Earth’s historical magnetic field on the core-mantle boundary (CMB). The time scales of variation of the low-order Gauss coefficients in the model agree within a factor of two with observed values. We have determined the averaging time interval needed to delineate deviations from the axial dipole field caused by the boundary heterogeneity. An average over 2000 years (the archeomagnetic time scale) is barely sufficient to reveal the long-term nondipole field. The model shows reduced scatter in virtual geomagnetic pole positions (VGPs) in the central Pacific, consistent with the weak secular variation observed in the historical field. Longitudinal drift of magnetic field structures is episodic and differs between regions. Westward magnetic drift is most pronounced beneath the Atlantic in our model. Although frozen flux advection by the large-scale flow is generally insufficient to explain the magnetic drift rates, there are some exceptions. In particular, equatorial flux spot pairs produced by expulsion of toroidal magnetic field are rapidly advected westward in localized equatorial jets which we interpret as thermal winds. 相似文献