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地震震相拾取是地震数据自动处理的首要环节,包括了信号检测、到时估计和震相识别等过程,震相拾取的准确性直接影响到后续事件关联处理的性能,影响观测报告的质量.为了提高震相拾取的准确性,进而提高观测报告质量,本文采用深度卷积神经网络方法来解决震相拾取问题,构建了多任务卷积神经网络模型,设计了分类和回归的联合损失函数,定义了基于加权的分类损失函数,以三分量地震台站的波形数据作为输入,同时实现对震相的检测识别和到时的精确估计.利用美国南加州地震台网的200万条震相和噪声数据对模型进行训练、验证和测试,对于测试集中直达波P、S震相识别的查全率达到98%以上,到时估计的标准偏差分别为0.067s,0.082s.利用迁移学习和数据增强,将模型用于对我国东北地区台网的6个台站13000条数据的训练、验证和测试中,对该数据集P、S震相查全率分别达到91.21%、85.65%.基于迁移训练后的模型,设计了用于连续数据的震相拾取方法,利用连续的地震数据对该算法进行了实际应用测试,并与国家数据中心和中国地震局的观测报告进行比对,该方法的震相检测识别率平均可达84.5%,验证了该方法在实际应用中的有效性.本文所提出的方法展示了深度神经网络在地震震相拾取中的优异性能,为地震震相和事件的检测识别提供了新的思路. 相似文献
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将识别地震的深度学习算法PhaseNet应用于四川台网和首都圈台网,对该模型的泛化能力进行了测试和评估.首先利用2010年1月至2018年10月首都圈台网199个地震台站记录的29 328个事件(ML0～ML4)所对应的126761段事件波形,以及2019年4-9月四川及邻省部分台网227个地震台站记录的16595个事... 相似文献
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Reservoir earthquake characteristics such as small magnitude and large quantity may result in low monitoring efficiency when using traditional methods. However, methods based on deep learning can discriminate the seismic phases of small earthquakes in a reservoir and ensure rapid processing of arrival time picking. The present study establishes a deep learning network model combining a convolutional neural network (CNN) and recurrent neural network (RNN). The neural network training uses the waveforms of 60 000 small earthquakes within a magnitude range of 0.8-1.2 recorded by 73 stations near the Dagangshan Reservoir in Sichuan Province as well as the data of the manually picked P-wave arrival time. The neural network automatically picks the P-wave arrival time, providing a strong constraint for small earthquake positioning. The model is shown to achieve an accuracy rate of 90.7% in picking P waves of microseisms in the reservoir area, with a recall rate reaching 92.6% and an error rate lower than 2%. The results indicate that the relevant network structure has high accuracy for picking the P-wave arrival times of small earthquakes, thus providing new technical measures for subsequent microseismic monitoring in the reservoir area. 相似文献
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精确获取震相到时是地震定位和地震走时成像等研究的重要基础.近年来,随着地震台站的不断加密,地震台网监测到的地震数量成倍增长,发展快速、准确、适用性强的震相到时自动拾取算法是地震行业的迫切需求.本文在前人工作基础上,发展了Pg、Sg震相自动识别与到时拾取的U网络算法（Unet_cea）,使用汶川余震和首都圈地震台网记录的89344个不同震级、不同信噪比的样本进行训练和测试.研究表明,U网络能够较好地识别Pg、Sg震相类型和拾取到时,Pg、Sg震相的正确识别率分别为81%和79.1%,与人工标注到时的均方根误差分别为0.41 s和0.54 s.U网络在命中率、均方根误差等性能指标上均明显优于STA/LTA和峰度分析自动拾取方法.研究获得的最优模型可以为区域地震台网的自动处理提供辅助. 相似文献
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Seismic phase picking is the preliminary work of earthquake location and body-wave travel time tomography. Manual picking is considered as the most accurate way to access the arrival times but time consuming. Many automatic picking methods were proposed in the past decades, but their precisions are not as high as human experts especially for events with low ratio of signal to noise and later arrivals. As the increasing deployment of large seismic array, the existing methods can not meet the requirements of quick and accurate phase picking. In this study, we applied a phase picking algorithm developed on the base of deep convolutional neuron network (PickNet) to pick seismic phase arrivals in ChinArray-Phase III. The comparison of picking error of PickNet and the traditional method shows that PickNet is capable of picking more precise phases and can be applied in a large dense array. The raw picked travel-time data shows a large variation deviated from the traveltime curves. The absolute location residual is a key criteria for travel-time data selection. Besides, we proposed a flowchart to determine the accurate location of the single-station earthquake via dense seismic array and phase arrival picked by PickNet. This research expands the phase arrival dataset and improves the location accuracy of single-station earthquake. 相似文献
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为提高初至拾取方法的准确性和自适应能力,将变异系数加权K均值聚类算法引入初至拾取中。首先提取均方根振幅、相邻道相关性、线积分、振幅谱主频等多种地震属性;然后针对地震属性进行加权K均值聚类,自动识别初至所在时窗;最后结合相位校正法,实现时窗内初至波起跳时间的拾取。在此基础上通过实际数据测试,并与长短时窗能量比法、反向传播神经网络方法对比,验证了本文方法的有效性与可行性。结果表明,基于加权K均值聚类的多属性初至拾取方法能较快速、准确地拾取低信噪比数据的初至,并且无需人为判断时窗,从而提高了拾取的自适应能力。 相似文献
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The seismic wave consists of many seismic phases, which contain rich geophysical information from the hypocenter, medium of seismic wave passing through and so on. It is very important to detect and pick these seis-mic phases for understanding the mechanism of earthquake, the Earth structure and property of seismic waves. In order to reduce or avoid the loss resulted from the earthquake, one of the important goals of seismic event detect-ing is to obtain its related information before and afte… 相似文献
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针对微震事件易受噪声干扰等特点,本文将STA/LTA方法和基于方差的AIC方法（var-AIC）相结合,在震相到时初步拾取的基础上,使用台站的德洛内（Delaunay）三角剖分及台站间最大走时差约束来减少噪声干扰的影响. 利用到时进行地震定位之后,根据台站预测到时,在设定的时间窗内对地震震相进行更精细的分析. 特别是针对微震事件信噪比低的特点,设计了基于偏振分析的拾取函数,根据窗内STA/LTA方法和var-AIC方法的拾取结果自动选择合适的值作为震相到时. 最后,对西昌流动地震台阵2013年304个单事件波形数据的分析处理和检验结果表明,本文方法较传统方法具有更高的地震事件检测能力和更高的震相拾取精度. 相似文献
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为了快速、高效地从地震数据中识别地震事件和拾取震相,本文利用基于样本增强的卷积神经网络自动震相拾取方法,将西藏林芝地区L0230台站3个月数据作为训练集,该区内另外6个台站连续1个月的波形数据作为测试集,采用高斯噪声、随机噪声拼接、随机挑选噪声、随机截取地震事件等4种样本增强的方法扩增训练集,以提高自动震相拾取技术的准确率。结果显示:样本增强前模型在测试集上的地震事件识别准确率为80%,样本增强后提升至97%,表明样本增强有效地提高了模型的泛化性能和抗干扰能力;在0.5 s误差范围内,震相自动拾取准确率高于81%,在1.0 s误差范围内,准确率高于95%;利用基于样本增强的卷积神经网络震相拾取方法能够检测出人工拾取震相中误标和漏检的震相。 相似文献
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P phase arrival picking of weak signals is still challenging in seismology. A wavelet denoising is proposed to enhance seismic P phase arrival picking, and the kurtosis picker is applied on the wavelet-denoised signal to identify P phase arrival. It has been called the WD-K picker. The WD-K picker, which is different from those traditional wavelet-based pickers on the basis of a single wavelet component or certain main wavelet components, takes full advantage of the reconstruction of main detail wavelet components and the approximate wavelet component. The proposed WD-K picker considers more wavelet components and presents a better P phase arrival feature. The WD-K picker has been evaluated on 500 micro-seismic signals recorded in the Chinese Yongshaba mine. The comparison between the WD-K pickings and manual pickings shows the good picking accuracy of the WD-K picker. Furthermore, the WD-K picking performance has been compared with the main detail wavelet component combining-based kurtosis (WDC-K) picker, the single wavelet component-based kurtosis (SW-K) picker, and certain main wavelet component-based maximum kurtosis (MMW-K) picker. The comparison has demonstrated that the WD-K picker has better picking accuracy than the other three-wavelet and kurtosis-based pickers, thus showing the enhanced ability of wavelet denoising. 相似文献
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发展高效、高精度、普适性强的自动波形拾取算法在地震大数据时代背景下显得越来越重要.波形自动拾取算法的主要挑战来自如何适应不同区域的不同类型地震事件的分类与筛选.本文针对地震事件-噪音分类这一问题,使用13839个汶川地震余震事件建立数据集,应用深度学习卷积神经网络(CNN)方法进行训练,并用8900个新的汶川余震事件作为检测数据集,其训练和检测准确率均达到95%以上.在对连续波形的检测中,CNN方法在精度和召回率上优于STA/LTA和Fbpicker传统方法,并能找出大量人工挑选极易遗漏的微震事件.最后,我们应用训练好的最优模型对选自全国台网的441个台站8天的连续波形数据进行了识别、到时挑取及与参考地震目录关联,CNN检出7016段波形,用自动挑选算法拾取到1380对P,S到时,并与540个地震目录事件成功关联,对1级以上事件总体识别准确率为54%,二级以上为80%,证明了CNN模型具有泛化能力,初步展示了CNN在发展兼具效率、精度、普适性算法,实时地震监测等应用上具有巨大潜力. 相似文献
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本文讨论了用于微地震信号到时自动拾取的几种方法的原理及特点,包括长短时均值比(STA/LTA)方法、AIC方法、基于高阶统计量偏斜度和峰度的PAI-S/K方法等,提出了移动时窗峰度的快速算法和改进的峰度拾取初至方法.对我国西部某地观测到的13359个微地震记录,采用两种时窗进行了初至到时拾取,并与人工拾取的结果进行了对比.为使所研究的方法达到最佳效果,采用DE全局搜索方法,以人工拾取的初至作为参照,以时差在0.3 s以内的记录所占百分比作为目标函数,自动搜索最佳的拾取参数.结果显示,在拾取时窗选为P波初至前3 s至S波初至位置时,AIC方法的结果最佳,时差在0.3 s以内的记录占比达到93.6%;在拾取时窗选为包含S波到时的时窗时,改进的峰度法效果最佳,时差在0.3 s以内的记录占比83.8%. 相似文献
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在地震学研究中地震检测与震相识别是最基础的环节,其拾取速度和精度直接影响其在地震精确定位以及地震层析成像中的应用效率和精度。近年来,机器学习在地震学领域中引起广泛关注。机器学习可以改进传统地震检测和震相识别方法,使它们能达到更加准确,识别率更高的效果。把机器学习方法按照监督学习和无监督学习分类介绍,并对机器学习方法流程进行总结,并对目前在地震检测与震相识别方面应用较为广泛的机器学习方法(卷积神经网络、指纹和相似性阈值、广义相位检测、PhaseNet、模糊聚类)进行综述。结果表明:机器学习在地震事件检测和震相识别将会是主要的手段。数据驱动的机器学习在地震学中的应用和物理模型的联合运用将是未来的发展趋势。 相似文献
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地震P波、S波初至时间的拾取是地震波分析的一项基础性工作.本文提出了一种新的地震波初至时间自动拾取的方法:首先,把地震波的三分量时程曲线变换为一组空间向的能量变化率时程曲线;然后对能量变化率时程曲线进行STA/LTA(Short Time Average/Long Time Average,短时间的均值/长时间的均值)处理,拾取地震P波和S波的大致初至时间;最后提出采用一种二次方自回归模型对初至附近的能量变化率曲线进行二次方自回归处理,精确拾取出P波和S波的初至时间.本文采用了10组芦山地震的记录数据和150组汶川地震的记录数据对此方法的可靠性进行了检验.以人工拾取结果为参考,此方法具有很高的准确率和稳定性,同时,相比于常用的STA/LTA方法和AIC(Akaike Information Criterion,Akaike信息准则)方法,此方法在计算时间效率方面稍微逊色,但是对S波初至时间的拾取精度和可靠性更高.此方法丰富了地震P波、S波初至时间的自动拾取方法. 相似文献
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Active Source Seismic Identification and Automatic Picking of the P-wave First Arrival Using a Convolutional Neural Network 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
XU Zhen WANG Tao XU Shanhui WANG Baoshan FENG Xuping SHI Jing YANG Minghan 《中国地震研究》2019,33(2):288-304
In seismic data processing, picking of the P-wave first arrivals takes up plenty of time and labor, and its accuracy plays a key role in imaging seismic structures. Based on the convolution neural network (CNN), we propose a new method to pick up the P-wave first arrivals automatically. Emitted from MINI28 vibroseis in the Jingdezhen seismic experiment, the vertical component of seismic waveforms recorded by EPS 32-bit portable seismometers are used for manually picking up the first arrivals (a total of 7242). Based on these arrivals, we establish the training and testing sets, including 25,290 event samples and 710,616 noise samples (length of each sample:2s). After 3,000 steps of training, we obtain a convergent CNN model, which can automatically classify seismic events and noise samples with high accuracy (> 99%). With the trained CNN model, we scan continuous seismic records and take the maximum output (probability of a seismic event) as the P-wave first arrival time. Compared with STA/LTA (short time average/long time average), our method shows higher precision and stronger anti-noise ability, especially with the low SNR seismic data. This CNN method is of great significance for promoting the intellectualization of seismic data processing, improving the resolution of seismic imaging, and promoting the joint inversion of active and passive sources. 相似文献
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本在地震数据自动化处理中，给出一种基于自回归模型的Akaike information criteria(AIC)算法和信号平均幅值比的混合方法来估计地震信号的初至．用信号的AIC曲线和平均幅值比曲线构造一种叠加曲线，再进行类似于坐标旋转的校正，可以准确估计低信噪比记录中信号的初至，尤其对于震相类型比较复杂的后续震相(如S波、Lg波)的初至估计结果很好．通过对中国数字地震台网乌鲁木齐台记录到的23次天然地震中P波、S波和Lg波的初至估计，与人工分析结果相比，P波初至估计的均方误差为0．71s，后续震相(S波、Lg波)的均方误差为1．64s，优于传统AIC算法的估计结果． 相似文献