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1.
Analysis and design of open trench barriers in screening steady-state surface vibrations 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The problem of vibration isolation by rectangular open trenches in a plane strain context is numerically studied using a finite element code, PLAXIS. The soil media is assumed to be linear elastic, isotropic, and homogeneous subjected to a vertical harmonic load producing steady-state vibration. The present model is validated by comparing it with previously published works. The key geometrical features of a trench, i.e., its depth, width, and distance from the source of excitation, are normalized with respect to the Rayleigh wavelength. The attenuation of vertical and horizontal components of vibration is studied for various trench dimensions against trench locations varied from an active to a passive case. Results are depicted in non-dimensional forms and conclusions are drawn regarding the effects of geometrical parameters in attenuating vertical and horizontal vibration components. The screening efficiency is primarily governed by the normalized depth of the barrier. The effect of width has little significance except in some specific cases. Simplified regression models are developed to estimate average amplitude reduction factors. The models applicable to vertical vibration cases are found to be in excellent agreement with previously published results. 相似文献
2.
Modelling of pile wave barriers by effective trenches and their screening effectiveness 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The three-dimensional problem of isolation of vibration by a row of piles is studied numerically on the basis of a model replacing the row of piles by an effective trench in order to reduce the modelling complexity. The analysis is accomplished with the aid of an advanced frequency domain boundary element method, which is used for both the infilled trench and the soil medium in conjunction with a coupling procedure based on enforcement of equilibrium and compatibility at the trench–soil interface. Linear elastic or viscoelastic material behaviour is assumed for both the piles and the soil. The piles can be tubular or solid and have circular or square cross-section. The vibration source is a vertical force, harmonically varying with time, and the row of piles acts as a passive wave barrier. The effective trench model is constructed by invoking well known homogenization techniques used in the mechanics of fibre-reinforced composite materials, and its accuracy is compared against a rigorous boundary element analysis modelling each pile separately in full contact with the soil medium. On the basis of the effective trench model, the screening effectiveness of a row of piles is studied through parametric studies. 相似文献
3.
动力机器运行和车辆行驶等会产生振动污染,危及邻近建筑物安全和干扰精密仪器设备正常运行等。这些振动污染可通过在地基中设置空沟的方式来降低或消除。针对饱和地基上明置动力机器基础的环境振动影响及空沟近场隔振问题,进行了饱和地基上空沟近场隔振的现场试验,并对试验结果进行了无量纲化分析;基于饱和土半解析边界元法,分别推导了动力机器基础环境振动影响和空沟近场隔振的边界元方程;在此基础上,详细研究了空沟对动力机器基础振动影响的隔振效果,分析了空沟深度、宽度和距振源距离对其隔振效果的影响。结果表明:空沟能够有效的降低动力机器基础的环境振动影响;空沟宽度对其隔振效果影响相对较小,而空沟深度对其隔振效果影响较大,为获得较好的隔振效果,空沟深度建议取1倍Rayleigh波波长;空沟距振源距离对其隔振效果也有较大影响,距离越远则隔振效果也越好,当被保护建筑距振源较远时,建议空沟在被保护建筑附近设置。此外,在某些特殊情况下,空沟隔振系统会由于共振现象而出现隔振效果劣化的现象,在工程设计中应予以注意。 相似文献
4.
基于薄层法在研究层状介质中波的传播问题的高效性、边界单元法处理无限域问题的精确性,结合二者的优点提出三维层状地基薄层法基本解答,建立了基于三维层状半空间薄层法位移基本解答的半解析动力边界元法。该方法可有效的分析多层场地的动力问题,解决土-结构动力相互作用问题。同时分别对粘弹性上软下硬地基及上硬下软地基的三维空沟主动隔振进行了详细的分析。结果表明,两种情况下采用空沟屏障隔振均可以取得一定的隔振效果;同时,地基分层参数对空沟隔振体系的隔振效果影响显著。 相似文献
5.
The two-dimensional boundary element method in frequency domain is used to investigate the screening effectiveness of the open trench–wall barrier system on reducing vibration generated by a footing. Sheet piles or diaphragm walls are on both sides of the open trench as a vibration barrier in this study. The results showed that screening effectiveness of the open trench without siding is greater than that of the open trench–wall barrier system, which is essential for stabilizing the excavation surface in practice. The trench depth of the barrier system appears to govern the screening efficiency of the barrier, and increase in depth results in better vibration-screening effectiveness. The influence of the open trench width, the embedded length of the trench wall and the distance between the vibration source and the barrier are proven to be insignificant. The screening effectiveness of an open trench barrier with walls increases with the frequency of the vibration. 相似文献
6.
Erkan Çelebi Seyhan Fırat Günay Beyhan İlyas Çankaya İsa Vural Osman Kırtel 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2009
In this paper, the obtained results from the experimental studies describe the basic characteristics of wave propagation and ability of possible measures to reduce the impact of soil vibrations on structural response for both active and passive isolation cases. A series of field tests on the foundation vibrations generated by electrodynamic shaker are performed to examine the screening efficiency of open and in-filled trench barriers which are constructed for full-scale measurement. From field measurements of amplitude with and without the barrier, the amplitude reduction ratio is estimated at different points of interest. Wave propagating characteristics and frequency-dependent screening effects of the wave barriers are investigated according to various isolation material stiffnesses. The remarkable outcomes from these experimental studies can be briefly generalized as follows: backfilled trench with softer material than soil is more effective for the passive isolation than the active one. The reduction effects of wave barriers depend on the frequency of vibration source for both passive and active isolation cases. In-situ measurements confirm that vibration screening systems using open or in-filled trench barriers can be applied as a reduction measure for soil vibrations due to a moving load which is considered as stationary wave source in this problem. 相似文献
7.
Vibration isolation of structures from ground-transmitted waves by open trenches in isotropic, linearly elastic or viscoelastic soil with a shear modulus varying continuously with depth is numerically studied. Both an exponential and a linear shear modulus variation with depth are used in this work. Waves produced by the harmonic motion of a rigid surface machine foundation are considered. The problem is solved by the frequency domain boundary element method employing the Green's function of Kausel-Peek-Hull for a thin layered half-space. Thus only the trench perimeter and the soil-foundation interface need essentially to be discretized. The proposed methodology is first tested for accuracy by solving two Rayleigh wave propagation problems in nonhomogeneous soil with known analytical solutions and/or for which experimental results are available. Then the method is applied to vibration isolation problems and the effect of the inhomogeneity on the wave screening effectiveness of trenches is studied. 相似文献
8.
为研究高速列车作用下,层状地基中空沟对场地振动的隔振效果,基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论及有限元法,对建立完善高速车辆-无砟轨道-地基耦合系统动力学模型进行仿真计算,分析设置空沟对场地振动的影响,并探讨了空沟的深度、位置、宽度以及列车速度的影响。结果表明：设置空沟加强了沟前场地的振动,但可使空沟后方地基的竖向和水平振动水平大幅减小,但在特定位置存在振动放大区,引起隔振效果减弱;过浅或过深的空沟均不能达到最优隔振效果;对于在线路旁需要特殊隔振的场地,存在一个适用于其本身的空沟最佳位置;空沟的宽度对隔振效果无明显影响;空沟对更高速度运行列车引起场地竖向和横向振动的隔振效果更明显。 相似文献
9.
The article presents a theoretical investigation of the propagation of normally and obliquely incident plane shear waves past a rectangular trench filled up with water saturated soil sandwiched between anisotropic elastic media. The motivation for this work is due to the effectiveness of the isolation of waves by the in-filled rectangular trench. Unlike the most of the previous researchers, this model considers the soil–structure interaction effects and directly determines the influence of barrier in the form of in-filled trench on the mode of wave propagation. It is of interest to determine the reflection and transmission coefficients, and the energy partition distribution of shear waves in the in-filled rectangular trench showing the influence of barrier on the propagation of waves. An extensive parametric study through numerical computation is carried out to investigate the influence of the material properties of the in-filled trench and the amplitude ratios on shear waves. The in-filled trench barrier directly declines the intensity of waves significantly in such a way that the waves do not create any hazards to the nearby structures, if exists at all. 相似文献
10.
A five-parameter discrete model that approximates the dynamic force4isplacement relationship for rigid foundations undergoing vertical vibrations on a uniform elastic half-space is presented. The model involves a combination of two springs, two viscous dampers and a mass. Values of the parameters for circular, square and rectangular foundations placed on the surface or embedded in an elastic half-space are listed. The parameters are obtained by minimizing the discrepancy between the force4isplacement relation for the model and that obtained by solution of the mixed boundary-value problem of the rigid foundation on an elastic half-space. The definition of an appropriate input motion to represent wave excitation is also discussed. The input motion to the discrete model differs from the input motion that should be used in a continuum model. 相似文献
11.
A clear later phase of amplitude larger than the direct surface wave packet was observed at stations in Hokkaido, Japan, for several events of the December 1991 off-Urup earthquake swarm in the Kuril Islands region. From its particle motion, this phase is likely to be a fundamental Rayleigh wave packet that arrived with an azimuth largely deviated from each great-circle direction. As its origin, Nakanishi (1992) proposed that the sea-trench topography in this area as deep as 10 km may produce a narrow zone of low velocity for Rayleigh waves of periods around 15 sec. Following this idea, we compute ray paths and estimate how Rayleigh waves would propagate if we assume that lateral velocity variations are caused only by seafloor topography. We confirm that thick sea water in the trench indeed produces the phase velocity of Rayleigh waves to be smaller than in a surrounding area by the degree over 100%. Such a low-velocity zone appears only in a period range from 12 to 20 sec. Although this strong low-velocity zone disturbs the direction of Rayleigh wave propagation from its great circle, the overall ray paths are not so affected as far as an epicentre is outside this low-velocity zone, that is, off the trench axis. In contrast, the majority of rays are severely distorted for an event within the low-velocity zone or, in other words, in the neighborhood of the trench axis. For such an event, a part of wave energy appears to be trapped in this zone and eventually propagates outwards due to the curvature or bend of trench geometry, resulting in very late arriving waves of large amplitude with an incident direction clearly different from great circles. This phenomenon is observed only at a very limited period range around 16 sec. These theoretical results are consistent with the above mentioned observation of Nakanishi (1992). 相似文献
12.
平面P波在饱和半空间中洞室周围的散射(I):解析解 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用波函数展开法给出了入射平面P波在饱和半空间中圆形洞室周围散射问题的一个解析解。半空间假定为无粘性流体饱和介质,满足Biot理论。采用一种基于实验数据的孔隙率和模量之间的线性关系来确定Biot模型中的介质参数。解答考虑了透水边界和非透水边界两种情况。对边界条件进行了数值检验,结果表明,随着级数截断项数的增大,边界残量衰减很快。解答为进一步研究入射波频率和角度、边界渗透条件、孔隙率、泊松比等参数对散射的影响奠定了基础。 相似文献
13.
为了探究均质地基和双层土地基条件下环形沟几何参数变化对其隔振区域的影响规律,及环形沟在不同地基土层中隔振效果的差异,本文建立缩尺比为1: 15的模型试验,以地基土类型、环形沟深度、宽度及圆心角为研究变量,通过开展具体试验进行探究。结果表明:在均质地基和双层土地基环形沟隔振中,环形沟宽度变化对其隔振效果影响较小,环形沟深度及圆心角是影响其隔振效果的重要参数,且深度和圆心角越大,隔振效果越好,但当地基土为成层土地基,环形沟深在临近土层分界面深度增大时,环形沟隔振效果相对减弱;在均质地基和双层土地基中,相同参数条件下,均质地基土较双层地基土具有更好的隔振特性;振源与环形沟之间及环形沟末端位置区域由于振动波的传播特性存在振动增强区域。 相似文献
14.
The researches in this paper disclose a huge earthquake migration series that lasted more than one century—from the 17th century
to the early day of the 18th, transverse migration of huge earthquake from West Pacific trench to the Chinese mainland, lasted
about 134 a, the distance is about 2600 km, the velocity is about 19 km/a, and the direction of migration agrees with the
direction of plate subduction and vertical to the strike of plate boundary. The migration has two branches. One extends westwards
and terminates at the central longitude belt (Helanshan—Liupanshan fault zone) of the Chinese mainland, triggered the strongest
seismicity episode in North China, including 4 earthquakes withM ⩾8.0. The other extends northwards, passing through Korea Peninsula, terminates at the north part of Heilongjian Province,
and triggered the volcanic eruption activity in Changbaishan and Wudalianchi. The time-space linearity of migration is good.
Its velocity is stable and its activity attenuates gradually. It is estimated that it is related with the disturbance of asthenosphere
matters caused by the sudden acceleration of the subduction of the trench plate. There are two similar transverse migration
series from 1498 to 1556 and from 1843 to 1927, and the velocities are 36.2 and 33.7 km/a respectively. 相似文献
15.
为研究双线地铁运营时隔振沟的减振效果,基于2.5维有限元法建立双线地铁列车-轨道-地基土体耦合分析模型。模型克服现有研究将轨道结构简化为弹性地基欧拉梁的缺陷,引入实际钢轨动力学参数,实现双线地铁列车荷载下隔振沟对周围地基的隔振效果分析,比较空沟、填充沟两种不同隔振措施的减振特性,并对填充沟隔振影响因素进行系统的参数分析。研究结果表明:双线运营地铁荷载下,空沟隔振作用体现在沟后范围内,填充沟减振范围更广且效果更好,相比空沟更具工程实用性;填充沟在沟深较小时也能发挥良好的减振作用,增大沟深、沟宽均可有效提高减振效果。研究成果可为今后双线地铁隔振设计与施工提供有益参考。 相似文献
16.
Rayleigh’s method of approximation is employed to find out the reflection and transmission coefficients due to an incident
plane SH wave at a corrugated interface between a laterally and vertically inhomogeneous anisotropic elastic solid half-space
and a laterally and vertically inhomogeneous isotropic visco-elastic solid half-space. The lateral and vertical inhomogeneities
are described by the exponential variations of elastic parameters. The formulae of reflection and transmission coefficients
are derived in closed form for the first-order approximation of the corrugation. The effects of the corrugation of the interface,
the inhomogeneity, the anisotropy, the visco-elasticity and the frequency of the incident wave on these coefficients are studied
analytically and numerically for a specific model containing a periodic interface. The results of earlier workers have been
reduced as particular cases from the present formulation. 相似文献
17.
18.
A method for determination of characteristics of quasi-Rayleigh (qR) wave in a transversely isotropic homogeneous half-space with inclined axis of symmetry is outlined. The solution is obtained as a superposition of qP, qSV and qSH waves, and surface wave velocity is determined from the boundary conditions at the free surface and at infinity, as in case of Rayleigh wave in an isotropic half-space. Though the theory is simple enough, a numerical procedure for calculation of surface wave velocity presents some difficulties. The difficulty is caused by necessity to calculate complex roots of a non-linear equation, which in turn contains functions determined as roots of non-linear equations with complex coefficients. Numerical analysis shows that roots of the equation corresponding to the boundary conditions do not exist in the whole domain of azimuths and inclinations of the symmetry axis. The domain of existence of qR wave depends on the ratio of the elastic parameters: for some strongly anisotropic models the wave cannot exist at all. For some angles of inclination qR-wave velocities deviate from those calculated on the basis of the perturbation method valid for weak anisotropy, though they have the same tendency of variation with azimuth. The phase of qR wave varies with depth unlike Rayleigh wave in an isotropic half-space. Unlike Rayleigh wave in an isotropic half-space, qR wave has three components - vertical, radial and transverse. Particle motion in horizontal plane is elliptic. Direction of the major axis of the ellipsis coincides with the direction of propagation only in azimuths 0° (180°) and 90° (270°). 相似文献
19.
琉球海沟的构造和运动特征 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
琉球海沟是欧亚板块与菲律宾海板块之间的边界，海沟西坡是大陆性质的琉球岛弧，东坡是大洋性质的菲律宾海地壳．海底地震反射探测和地震震源定位表明，菲律宾海板块沿海沟向琉球岛弧下俯冲，俯冲角度与深度沿海沟走向变化．有证据显示，由于俯冲板前缘的横向移动，海沟和岛弧正朝大洋方向后退，弧后盆地-冲绳海槽发生拉张变形．最近一次的海沟后退与冲绳海槽扩张可能是从上新世末(2Ma前)开始的，岛弧的后退移动和弧后拉张在南部与海沟走向垂直，在中部和北部与海沟走向斜交，总体上向南的运动分量占优势、与海沟后退相关的弧后拉张集中在冲绳海槽，没有证据表明对其西侧的中国东海陆架盆地产生影响、海沟后退的原因可能与俯冲板的动力不平衡以及它与周围地幔的相互作用有关． 相似文献
20.
The geological structure exposed by paleoearthquake trenches is the key material to the right cognition of fault activity and paleoearthquake. However, paleoearthquake trenching inevitably destroys active tectonic geomorphic evidence and trench exposures are usually difficult to reserve. The conventional process of recording the delicate geological information, manually constructing photomosaics by image-editing software, is time-consuming and produces undesirable artificial distortions. Herein, we explored the process of constructing trench orthophotomosaics and the 3D image model using the Image-based Modeling technology and applied it to the Liutiaohe trench across the Tianqiaogou-Huangyangchuan Fault, Gansu Province. Based on the 3D image modeling and orthophotomosaic, we firstly constructed the control points and scale bars on cleaned trench walls and collected photos of all sections of the trench with a digital camera in the field, and then reconstructed the 3D model of the trench through the Agisoft PhotoScan, an efficient image-based modeling software, and finally yielded the 3D image model of the trench and othophotomasaics of the trench exposures. The results show that the automated workflow can produce seamless, sub-millimeter-level high-resolution photomosaics more quickly, with precision in the centimeter range, and the 3D image model is of great help to identify strata and geological structures in trenches with much lower capital and labor costs and low expertise levels compared with LiDAR, meanwhile, the 3D archive benefits the share and communication and even allows future reinterpreting the site using new insights. 相似文献