共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 48 毫秒
1.
从理论、方法与应用实现三方面,对国家“973 ”项目“复杂自然环境时空定量信息的获取与融合处理的理论与应用”在地球信息科学领域中的研究进展作一个概述。在遥感机制与信息理论上,以合成孔径雷达（ SAR ）研究为背景,发展全极化散射与SAR 成像信息理论;以微波辐射遥感为背景,发展非均匀自然介质矢量辐射传输（ VRT ）理论。在这基础上,开展在轨业务与试验遥感卫
星在多类陆地地表和大气遥感数据验证的方法与算法的研究。结合遥感、辐射传输、地理信息系统、中国陆面水文过程、数据同化技术,建立一个中国陆地水环境数据同化系统（ CLDAS ）;针对我国未来气象卫星的发展,由在轨SSM / I 、AMSU 、MTI 等遥感卫星数据、结合地面台站实测与探空等工作,形成了星载微波大气三水（降水、水汽、云水）反演与气象卫星数据业务算法与数据库;针对我国SAR 技术的发展,由ERS 、RADARSAT 等SAR 数据图像的应用研究,形成SAR - INSAR 多类应用技术研究与软件遥感应用平台。同时,结合多源信息融合理论方法与环境中目标跟踪实验与仿真,发展了目标与环境复合建模与特性数值仿真、开展了沿海区域异常大气结构中波传播实验等
研究。 相似文献
2.
黑河流域遥感—地面观测同步试验：科学目标与试验方案 总被引：44，自引：17，他引：27
介绍了黑河流域遥感-地面观测同步试验的科学背景、科学问题、研究目标以及观测试验方案和观测系统布置.总体目标是,开展航空-卫星遥感与地面观测同步试验,为发展流域科学积累基础数据;发展能够融合多源遥感观测的流域尺度陆面数据同化系统,为实现卫星遥感对流域的动态监测提供方法和范例.以具备鲜明的高寒与干旱区伴生为主要特征的黑河流域为试验区,以水循环为主要研究对象,利用航空遥感、卫星遥感、地面雷达、水文气象观测、通量观测、生态监测等相关设备,开展航空、卫星和地面配合的大型观测试验,精细观测干旱区内陆河流域高山冰雪和冻土带、山区水源涵养林带、中游人工绿洲及天然荒漠绿洲带的水循环和生态过程的各个分量;并且以航空遥感为桥梁,通过高精度的真实性验证,发展尺度转换方法,改善从卫星遥感资料反演和间接估计水循环各分量及与之密切联系的生态和其他地表过程分量的模型和算法.由寒区水文试验、森林水文试验和干旱区水文试验,以及一个集成研究--模拟平台和数据平台建设组成.拟观测的变量划分为5大类,分别是水文与生态变量、驱动数据、植被参数、土壤参数和空气动力参数.同步试验在流域尺度、重点试验区、加密观测区和观测小区4个尺度上展开.布置了加密的地面同步观测、通量和气象水文观测、降雨、径流及其他水文要素观测网络;使用了5类机载遥感传感器,分别是微波辐射计、激光雷达、高光谱成像仪、热红外成像仪和多光谱CCD相机;获取了丰富的可见光/近红外、热红外、主被动微波、激光雷达等卫星数据. 相似文献
3.
河川径流遥感监测研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
河川径流参数是用于地表水资源评估、全球变化监测和生态环境保护的基础数据.现有的河川径流监测数据基于水文监测站点获取.近年来,受经济和政治原因的影响,全球水文监测站点在逐渐减少.随着全球变化研究对区域乃至全球水文监测数据需求的增加,监测站点有限及监测数据格式多样等问题逐渐凸显.过去15年,卫星遥感技术在河川径流监测领域的研究和应用实践,使上述问题的解决成为了可能.总结了河川径流遥感监测方法和技术研究进展,包括地基高低频雷达、航空航天雷达和多光谱卫星遥感监测3个方面;介绍了全球大型河川径流与湖泊水体动态监测重大应用成果及未来研究计划.指出在未来具有全天时、全天候,高时空分辨率,以及多水文要素探测能力遥感卫星发射之前,应充分利用遥感野外观测实验,完善河川径流监测技术方法,并综合应用已有高时空分辨率的多光谱和微波遥感数据,开展径流监测应用研究. 相似文献
4.
This article reviews the current state-of-the-art and future prospects of the microwave techniques for remote sensing of the
earth’s atmosphere and ocean. Geophysical parameters and their relationship with measured thermal microwave radiation is established
through radiative transfer processes. The atmospheric temperature profile obtained from microwave sounding unit (msu) onboardtiros-N series of satellites is operational and is used for numerical weather prediction. The demonstrated applications of scanning
multichannel microwave radiometer (smmr) onboard most recent and advancedseasat satellite are highlighted.The capability ofseasat active sensors for monitoring ocean parameters have also been indicated. Feasible applications of microwave techniquese.g. moisture profile with advanced moisture sounder (amsu), and surface pressure from multifrequency active microwave pressure sounder (mps) are also described. Finally the recent and advanced microwave limb sounding (mls) technique and its applications to upper atmospheric research has been reviewed. 相似文献
5.
积雪是冰冻圈中最重要的组成要素之一, 积雪研究对于气候变化、 水文循环等科学研究和农业灌溉、 减灾防灾等生产活动都具有重要意义.合成孔径雷达(SAR)不仅具有穿云透雾, 全天候观测地表的能力, 而且可穿透地表覆盖一定深度获取地表覆盖物内部特征信息.近年来SAR技术在冰冻圈科学研究中已广泛应用. 综述了SAR积雪监测研究的国内外进展, 对当前主要的SAR积雪遥感模型进行了总结分析, 着重介绍了当前主要的SAR和SAR干涉测量技术(InSAR)积雪面积制图方法、 雪水当量(SWE)反演算法、 积雪密度和雪深提取方法, 并对未来可能的研究方向进行了展望. 相似文献
6.
Axel Bronstert Benjamin Creutzfeldt Thomas Graeff Irena Hajnsek Maik Heistermann Sibylle Itzerott Thomas Jagdhuber David Kneis Erika Lück Dominik Reusser Erwin Zehe 《Natural Hazards》2012,60(3):879-914
Flood generation in mountainous headwater catchments is governed by rainfall intensities, by the spatial distribution of rainfall and by the state of the catchment prior to the rainfall, e.g. by the spatial pattern of the soil moisture, groundwater conditions and possibly snow. The work presented here explores the limits and potentials of measuring soil moisture with different methods and in different scales and their potential use for flood simulation. These measurements were obtained in 2007 and 2008 within a comprehensive multi-scale experiment in the Weisseritz headwater catchment in the Ore-Mountains, Germany. The following technologies have been applied jointly thermogravimetric method, frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) sensors, spatial time domain reflectometry (STDR) cluster, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), airborne polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (polarimetric SAR) and advanced synthetic aperture radar (ASAR) based on the satellite Envisat. We present exemplary soil measurement results, with spatial scales ranging from point scale, via hillslope and field scale, to the catchment scale. Only the spatial TDR cluster was able to record continuous data. The other methods are limited to the date of over-flights (airplane and satellite) or measurement campaigns on the ground. For possible use in flood simulation, the observation of soil moisture at multiple scales has to be combined with suitable hydrological modelling, using the hydrological model WaSiM-ETH. Therefore, several simulation experiments have been conducted in order to test both the usability of the recorded soil moisture data and the suitability of a distributed hydrological model to make use of this information. The measurement results show that airborne-based and satellite-based systems in particular provide information on the near-surface spatial distribution. However, there are still a variety of limitations, such as the need for parallel ground measurements (Envisat ASAR), uncertainties in polarimetric decomposition techniques (polarimetric SAR), very limited information from remote sensing methods about vegetated surfaces and the non-availability of continuous measurements. The model experiments showed the importance of soil moisture as an initial condition for physically based flood modelling. However, the observed moisture data reflect the surface or near-surface soil moisture only. Hence, only saturated overland flow might be related to these data. Other flood generation processes influenced by catchment wetness in the subsurface such as subsurface storm flow or quick groundwater drainage cannot be assessed by these data. One has to acknowledge that, in spite of innovative measuring techniques on all spatial scales, soil moisture data for entire vegetated catchments are still today not operationally available. Therefore, observations of soil moisture should primarily be used to improve the quality of continuous, distributed hydrological catchment models that simulate the spatial distribution of moisture internally. Thus, when and where soil moisture data are available, they should be compared with their simulated equivalents in order to improve the parameter estimates and possibly the structure of the hydrological model. 相似文献
7.
积雪被动微波遥感研究进展 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13
积雪是冰冻圈中最活跃的要素之一,被动微波遥感具有高时间分辨率且能够迅速覆盖全球,在积雪时空变化监测中作用突出.总结分析了积雪被动微波遥感的主要模型,并对其方法、特点和适用性进行了较详细评述,重点介绍了NASA算法在雪深和雪水当量反演中的应用、反演结果的不确定性以及对它的改进.讨论新兴的积雪数据同化方法,介绍了同化被动微波观测以改进雪深和雪水当量反演精度的研究案例.评述了我国积雪被动微波遥感的进展,并且对未来可能的研究方向做出展望. 相似文献
8.
The present study explored the effect of assimilation of Advanced TIROS Vertical Sounder (ATOVS) temperature and humidity
profiles and Spectral sensor microwave imager (SSM/I) total precipitable water (TPW) on the simulation of a monsoon depression
which formed over the Arabian Sea during September 2005 using the Weather Research and Forecast model. The three-dimensional
variational (3DVAR) data assimilation technique has been employed for the purpose of assimilation of satellite observations.
Statistical scores like “equitable threat score,” “bias score,” “forecast impact,” and “improvement parameter” have been used
to examine the impact of the above-mentioned satellite observations on the numerical simulation of a monsoon depression. The
diagnostics of this study include verification of the vertical structure of depression, in terms of temperature anomaly profiles
and relative vorticity profiles with observations/analysis. Additional diagnostics of the study include the analysis of the
heat budget and moisture budget. Such budget studies have been performed to provide information on the role of cumulus convection
associated with the depression. The results of this study show direct and good evidence of the impact of the assimilation
of the satellite observations using 3DVAR on the dynamical and thermodynamical features of a monsoon depression along with
the effect of inclusion of satellite observation on the spatial pattern of the simulated precipitation associated with the
depression. The “forecast impact” parameter calculated for the wind speed provides good evidence of the positive impact of
the assimilation of ATOVS temperature and humidity profiles and SSM/I TPW on the model simulation, with the assimilation of
the ATOVS profiles showing better impact in terms of a more positive value of the “forecast impact” parameter. The results
of the study also indicate the improvement of the forecast skill in terms of “equitable threat score” and “bias score” due
to the assimilation of satellite observation. 相似文献
9.
随着对地卫星遥感技术的发展,微波遥感监测为径流模拟提供了新途径。目前,基于被动微波遥感亮度温度的河道径流模拟方法亟待深入探索。本文基于M/C信号法,利用新一代高精度被动微波亮温数据集在中国典型流域进行河道径流模拟,探讨该方法的适用性,分析断面河宽、平均流量、控制面积、植被覆盖度、高程、土地覆盖/利用类型、气候类型等地形地貌和水文气象因素对模拟效果的影响。结果表明:在中国七大流域61个典型站点中,决定系数R2 ≥ 0.5的站点占比超过59.0%,41.0%的站点纳什效率系数ENS ≥ 0.5;位于西南诸河流域的站点模拟效果最佳,尤其在青藏高原地区;高程、平均流量、气候类型以及断面河宽是影响模拟效果的主要因素;站点位于高原山地气候下的小型河流一般模拟效果更佳,本文方法相对更适用。研究成果可为河道径流模拟提供研究思路,为微波遥感的水文应用提供切实指导。 相似文献
10.
遥感技术应用于地表面蒸散发的研究进展 总被引：31，自引：4，他引：27
蒸散既是地表水分循环的重要组成部分,也是能量平衡的主要项。地表热量、水分收支状况在很大程度上决定着地理环境的组成和演变,清楚地认识蒸散发,对了解大范围内能量平衡和水分循环具有重要意义。目前,已发展了从
传统方法、模拟方法到遥感方法的很多种方法用于估算蒸散发。遥感方法以其能够获知大范围地表特征信息的优势为较准确估算地表蒸散发提供了可能,从而受到人们的日益重视。介绍了研究蒸散发的各种方法,并探讨了利用遥感方法研究蒸散发的优缺点和未来的发展前景。 相似文献
11.
Bad weather conditions usually limit the acquisition of optical remote sensing images, while all day and all weather synthetic aperture radar (SAR) shows the ability of providing timely remote sensing data for emergency response and rescue works after earthquake. Because SAR is sensitive to the surface changes caused by earthquake, the modified electromagnetic behaviour by geological disasters and the collapse of buildings can be recorded in SAR images as backscattering intensity changes. Absolute radiometric calibration was performed to SAR products to derive backscattering coefficient sigma nought from image digital number (DN). Based on change detection methods, Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) data and TerraSAR-X data acquired for the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake were used to extract earthquake damage information. This study revealed that landslides showed stronger backscattering and barrier lakes showed lower backscattering in post-earthquake 10 m ALOS PALSAR images comparing to pre-earthquake, and collapsed buildings showed lower backscattering compared to un-collapsed buildings in 1 m TerraSAR-X image. Results showed that SAR data with different spatial resolutions are useful for different earthquake damage information extraction: medium spatial resolution SAR data, e.g. 10 m ALOS PALSAR data, were efficient for secondary geological disaster extraction; high-resolution SAR data, e.g. 1 m TerraSAR-X data, with the help of ancillary GIS data or high-resolution optical data, could be used to extract building collapse information in urban areas. This study indicates that SAR remote sensing data can provide earthquake damage information at early emergency stage and assist the field surveying, further damage assessment and post-earthquake reconstruction. 相似文献
12.
联合机载PLMR微波辐射计和MODIS产品反演黑河中游张掖绿洲土壤水分研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤水分是气候、水文学研究中的重要变量,微波遥感是获取区域地表土壤水分的重要手段,而L波段更是微波土壤水分反演的最优波段。依托HiWATER黑河中游绿洲试验区的地面观测及机载PLMR微波辐射计亮温数据,利用微波辐射传输模型L-MEB,并将MODIS地表温度产品(MOD11A1)和叶面积指数产品(MYD15A2)作为模型及反演中的先验辅助信息,借助LM优化算法,通过PLMR双极化多角度的亮温观测,针对土壤水分、植被含水量(VWC)和地表粗糙度这3个主要参数,分别进行土壤水分单参数反演、土壤水分与VWC或粗糙度的双参数反演以及这3个参数的同时反演。通过对不同反演方法的比较可以得出结论,多源辅助数据及PLMR双极化、多角度信息的应用可以显著降低反演的不确定性,提高土壤水分反演精度。证明在合理的模型参数和反演策略下,SMOS的L-MEB模型和产品算法可以达到0.04 cm3/cm3的反演精度,另外无线传感器网络可以在遥感产品真实性检验中起到重要作用。 相似文献
13.
从下列研究方向探讨了数学地球科学的新进展,即数据分析与数据挖掘（多点地质统计学,数据同化方法,数据挖掘和展示,时间序列分析,基于不规则数据集方法,数值分析方法与新算法）、非线性科学（多重分形模型,自组织临界理论,混沌理论,系统固有的复杂性,非线性随机过程的动态建模）、遥感（差分干涉合成孔径雷达,最先进雷达遥感,新的星载和地基微波技术,与遥感相结合的地理信息系统环境建模）、建模（新的数学变形模型与方法,地下蓄水层的流动与运送的预测模型,新油气发现模型,石油采收数学模型,空间与时间建模）、资源环境定量评价（复杂储存环境的地震特性综合反演,油井与储藏动态数据的实时同化处理,不确定性评估储藏动态新方法,资源评价和风险分析的新模式,环境地球化学,定量环境地质学）等 相似文献
14.
Regional soil moisture retrievals and simulations from assimilation of satellite microwave brightness temperature observations 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
Xiaokang Shi Jun Wen Lei Wang Tangtang Zhang Hui Tian Xin Wang Rong Liu Jinghui Zhang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(6):1289-1299
Low-frequency microwave satellite observations are sensitive to land surface soil moisture (SM). Using satellite microwave
brightness temperature observations to improve SM simulations of numerical weather, climate and hydrological predictions is
one of the most active research areas of the geoscience community. In this paper, Yan and Jins’ (J Radio Sci 19(4):386–392,
2004) theory on the relationship between satellite microwave remote sensing polarization index and SM is used to estimate land
surface SM values from the advanced microwave scanning radiometer-E (AMSR-E) brightness temperature data. With consideration
of soil texture, surface roughness, optical thickness, and the monthly means of NASA AMSR-E SM data products, the regional
daily land surface SM values are estimated over the eastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The resulting SM retrievals
are better than the NASA daily AMSR-E SM product. The retrieved SM values are generally lower than the ground measurements
from the Maqu Station (33.85°N, 102.57°E) and the Tanglha Station (33.07°N, 91.94°E) and the US NCEP reanalysis data, but
the temporal variations of the retrieved SM demonstrate more realistic response to the observed precipitation events. In order
to improve the land surface SM simulating ability of the weather research and forecasting model, the retrieved SM was assimilated
into the Noah land surface model by the Newtonian relaxation (NR) method. A direct insertion method was also applied for comparison.
The results indicate that fine-tuning the quality factor in the NR method improves the simulated SM values most for desert
areas, followed by grasslands, and shrub and grass mixed zones at the regional scale. At the temporal scale, the NR method
decreased the root mean square error between the simulated SM and actual observed SM by 0.03 and 0.07 m3/m3 at the Maqu and Tanglha Stations, respectively, and the temporal variation of simulated SM values was much closer to the
ground-measured SM values. 相似文献
15.
The spectral reflectance features of rocks and minerals are correlated with their composition,col-or,grain size and surface state.Different wall rocks,altered rocks and ores have their spectral reflectance features,which are very helpful for the explanation of remote sensing data and searching for mineral deposits by remote sensing.After the treatment of spectrum data and searching for mineral deposits by remote sensing.After the treatment of spectrum data of rocks and ores and physical and chemical parameters in the mathematical statistics,we analyzed the laboratorial spectrum dataand put forward better wave bands(520-590,650-710,730-760,770-860,1560-1760,2200 and 2300-2400nm) for distinguishing rocks and ores. 相似文献
16.
青藏高原积雪范围和雪深/雪水当量遥感反演研究进展及挑战 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
积雪是地表特征的重要参数,对辐射收支、气候和长期天气变化均有重要影响。雪本身又是一个重要的天气现象和水文气象参数,过量的降雪也会带来严重的雪灾,如牧区雪灾、雪崩和融雪洪水灾害等。因此对积雪的监测,尤其是对山区的积雪监测,具有多方面的意义。利用卫星遥感技术监测积雪已有50余年的历史,并已形成了系列业务产品。青藏高原平均海拔超过4 000 m,该地区的积雪具有重要的水文、气候和生态环境意义。由于地形复杂,人迹罕至,地面观测站点稀少,受较强太阳辐射的影响,积雪消融迅速、区域差异消融以及风吹雪等因素导致积雪分布破碎化严重,对使用遥感资料监测该地区的积雪造成的极大的困难和不确定性。随着国内外传感器技术的不断发展,光学和被动微波遥感数据的同步获取技术已经非常成熟,综合利用光学遥感数据高空间分辨率和被动微波数据不受云干扰的特点,结合机器学习、无人机等技术,将环境参数加入反演模型中,有助于提高青藏高原积雪参数反演精度。 相似文献
17.
对地观测卫星遥感能够提供广泛可靠的空间信息，是洪水风险识别与动态模拟的重要支撑技术之一。为阐明卫星遥感技术对洪水研究的推动作用，回顾了洪水风险识别与动态模拟研究的发展历程及技术需求，以对地观测卫星遥感三大阶段的发展轨迹为主线，分析了遥感空间信息在洪水研究中的历史性贡献和阶段性效用，讨论总结了危险分区法、水文模型和微波遥感监测等3种洪水研究典型方法的应用进展。提出未来洪水风险识别与动态模拟研究的重点：遥感空间信息与模型算法的深度结合，遥感反演算法与系统的开发及应用，典型洪水研究方法集成系统的开发与应用，大数据方法与手段的应用。以期为提升洪水应急响应能力与灾害风险管理水平提供有效参考。 相似文献
18.
对地观测卫星遥感能够提供广泛可靠的空间信息,是洪水风险识别与动态模拟的重要支撑技术之一。为阐明卫星遥感技术对洪水研究的推动作用,回顾了洪水风险识别与动态模拟研究的发展历程及技术需求,以对地观测卫星遥感三大阶段的发展轨迹为主线,分析了遥感空间信息在洪水研究中的历史性贡献和阶段性效用,讨论总结了危险分区法、水文模型和微波遥感监测等3种洪水研究典型方法的应用进展。提出未来洪水风险识别与动态模拟研究的重点:遥感空间信息与模型算法的深度结合,遥感反演算法与系统的开发及应用,典型洪水研究方法集成系统的开发与应用,大数据方法与手段的应用。以期为提升洪水应急响应能力与灾害风险管理水平提供有效参考。 相似文献
19.
Suresh K. Santhana Vannan Robert B. Cook Jerry Y. Pan Bruce E. Wilson 《Earth Science Informatics》2011,4(2):97-106
Remote sensing data from satellites have provided valuable information on the state of the earth for several decades. Since
March 2000, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor on board NASA’s Terra and Aqua satellites have
been providing estimates of several land parameters useful in understanding earth system processes at global, continental,
and regional scales. However, the HDF-EOS file format, specialized software needed to process the HDF-EOS files, data volume,
and the high spatial and temporal resolution of MODIS data make it difficult for users wanting to extract small but valuable
amounts of information from the MODIS record. To overcome this usability issue, the NASA-funded Distributed Active Archive
Center (DAAC) for Biogeochemical Dynamics at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) developed a Web service that provides subsets
of MODIS land products using Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP). The ORNL DAAC MODIS subsetting Web service is a standard
based way of serving satellite data that exploits a fairly established and popular Internet protocol to allow users access
to massive amounts of remote sensing data. The Web service provides MODIS land product subsets up to 201 × 201 km in a non-proprietary
comma delimited text file format. Users can programmatically query the Web service to extract MODIS land parameters for real
time data integration into models, decision support tools or connect to workflow software. Information regarding the MODIS
SOAP subsetting Web service is available on the World Wide Web (WWW) at . 相似文献
20.
基于合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术的地面沉降研究综述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
综述了合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)技术的研究现状及其在监测地面沉降方面的优势和缺陷.与传统监测方法相比,InSAR技术在地面沉降监测方面主要具有全天候、大范围、高分辨率、高精度等优势,但在实际应用中则会产生去相关问题.探讨了利用该技术监测地面沉降的发展方向,认为应将InSAR与GPS及传统的水准测量等方法结合使用,合理利用各技术之间的互补性. 相似文献