共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Takako Masuda Ken Furuya Naoko Kohashi Mitsuhide Sato Shigenobu Takeda Makoto Uchiyama Naho Horimoto Takashi Ishimaru 《Journal of Oceanography》2010,66(6):801-813
Phytoplankton dynamics in the lower euphotic zone were observed by tracking a subsurface water released at 20-m depth from
Takumi, an artificial upwelling device. Takumi continually discharged seawater pumped up from a depth of 205 m: this water was mixed with 5-m depth water to adjust the
density to that of 20-m depth water of Sagami Bay, Japan. The discharged water was pulse-labeled at Takumi with uranine and tracked for 63.9 h with a drifting buoy equipped with a drogue at 20-m depth. We present a simple model
to estimate in situ phytoplankton net growth rates from temporal changes in phytoplankton abundance in the discharged water with correction for
the influence of water exchange between the discharged water and neighboring layers. Lagrangian observation showed active
growth of pico- and nanophytoplankton, especially cryptophytes and Synechococcus (Cyanobacteria), in the subsurface layer. In contrast, diatoms grew little in spite of micromolar concentrations of nutrients.
The active growth of pico- and nanophytoplankton was in good agreement with shipboard serial dilution culture experiments.
The low growth activity of diatoms was suggested to be related to low light availability in the subsurface layer. 相似文献
2.
目前尽管国内近海浮标实现了产品化,但深远海尚无定型可靠的深海综合观测浮标系统,基于此,中国科学院海洋研究所设计制作了深海综合观测浮标系统,其浮标体为柱台型结构,采用单点锚泊系留。整个系统主要由浮标体、系留子系统、观测子系统、数据采集处理控制子系统、通信子系统、供电子系统、检测子系统、安全报警子系统和岸基数据接收处理子系统等9部分组成。浮标系统通过搭载不同类型的传感器,实现对风速/风向、气温、相对湿度、气压、能见度、雨量、波浪、表层水温、表层盐度、表层溶解氧、表层叶绿素、表层浊度、剖面流速流向、剖面温盐深（最大深度可达1 000 m）、方位及浮标位置等要素进行实时观测,从而完成对海洋气象、水文和水质等要素的长期、连续、自动监测,并支持铱星和北斗等卫星通信方式,将观测数据实时的传输到岸基数据接收处理系统。近年来,深海综合观测浮标系统在热带西太平洋海域连续进行了4次海上应用,每次应用时间长达1 a。它提供了第一手的大洋上层和海气界面长时间序列的实时连续观测资料,促进了关于气候变化和深海大洋的研究工作。所研制的深海浮标达到目前国际同类产品（美国ATLAS浮标、日本TRITON浮标）的先进水平,并且在水下感应耦合传输等方面进行了创新,形成了自有特色。 相似文献
3.
We have developed a simple boom for use in measuring meteorological variables from a ship. The main structural member of the boom, a triangular communications tower with rollers attached along its bottom side, is deployed horizontally from a long, flat deck, such as a helicopter deck, and will support a 100-kg payload at its outboard end. The boom is easy to deploy, requires minimal ship modifications, and provides ready access to the instruments mounted on it. And because it is designed for use with the ship crosswind, oceanographic work can go on at the same time as the air-sea interaction measurements.We describe our use of the boom on the Mikhail Somov during a cruise into the Antarctic sea ice and present some representative measurements made with instruments mounted on it. Theory, experiment, and our data all imply that instruments deployed windward from a rear helicopter deck can reach air undisturbed by the ship. Such an instrument site has clear advantages over the more customary mast, bow, or buoy locations. 相似文献
4.
Yoshimi Kawai Hiroshi Kawamura Sumio Tanba Kentaro Ando Kunio Yoneyama Norio Nagahama 《Journal of Oceanography》2006,62(6):825-838
In order to investigate the validity of buoy-observed sea surface temperature (SST), we installed special instruments to measure
near-surface ocean temperature on the TRITON buoy moored at 2.07°N, 138.06°E from 2 to 13 March 2004, in addition to a standard
buoy sensor for the regular SST measurement at 1.5-m depth. Large diurnal SST variations were observed during this period,
and the variations of the temperatures at about 0.3-m depth could be approximately simulated by a one-dimensional numerical
model. However, there was a notable discrepancy between the buoy-observed 1.5-m-depth SST (SST1.5m) and the corresponding model-simulated temperature only during the daytime when the diurnal rise was large. The evaluation
of the heat balance in the sea surface layer showed that the diurnal rise of the SST1.5m in these cases could not be accounted for by solar heating alone. We examined the depth of the SST1.5m sensor and the near-surface temperature observed from a ship near the buoy, and came to the conclusion that the solar heating
of the buoy hull and/or a disturbance in the temperature field around the buoy hull would contribute to the excessive diurnal
rise of the SST1.5m observed with the TRITON buoy. However, the temperature around the hull was not sufficiently homogenized, as suggested in
a previous paper. For the diurnal rise of the SST1.5m exceeding 0.5 K, the daytime buoy data became doubtful, through dynamics that remain to be clarified. A simple formula is
proposed to correct the unexpected diurnal amplitude of the buoy SST1.5m. 相似文献
5.
Michael E. McCormick 《Ocean Engineering》1976,3(3):133-144
The analysis of a pneumatic-type wave-energy conversion buoy is developed assuming independence of the buoy heaving motion and the motion of the water column within the center pipe. Results of the analysis are then compared with experimental data in a study of the relative air velocity within the turbine passage. The results compare very well. The effect of the variation of the center pipe length is found to be significant for periods about the surge chamber resonance but is negligible in the neighborhood of the heaving resonance period. Further, the theory is applied to a prototype buoy study of the U.S. Coast Guard, and a dimensionless design curve is developed from the results of the prototype analysis. 相似文献
6.
Using data of wind speed, air temperature and humidity recorded simultaneously on board and the on the small buoy, the latter is considered as criterion, the paper has discussed the influence of the body of ship on the meteorological data. Owing to the disturbance and the influence of heat radiation from the body of ship, the temperature observed on board is higher by about 2癈 than on buoy, and the relative humidity lower by 10%, wind speed observed on the mast is not only irregular but is less than that on the buoy, the error of which would be 3 m/s. The paper therefore suggests that the data observed on the deck in daytime, especially in fair weather after midday, is less reliable. The reliability of data decreases simultaneously with the increase of the body of ship in size.In addition, this paper also proposes that more reasonable observing points chosen on board should be the key to obtain reliable data. By analysis, it is believed that the meteorological data observed on ship's bow or upwind outs 相似文献
7.
为解决海洋监测微型传感器供能问题,设计新型波浪能捕获装置,在海面振荡浮筒气室产生空气气柱,驱动介电弹性体形变发电为传感器供能。建立振荡浮子式气柱数值模型,研究新型振荡水柱发电计算理论。利用水动力仿真软件AQWA求解浮子所受波浪力作用振荡幅值、辐射阻尼和附加质量。基于Simulink软件分别计算波浪作用下浮子位移和气室内水柱位移,根据两者的位移差计算气室体积变化所产生的空气压强、介电弹性体发电薄膜形变量和系统输出电能,单次循环周期最大发电量达到24.6 mJ。分析波浪周期、发电薄膜几何参数等对输出电能的影响。 相似文献
8.
The design and ultimate performance of an extremely low-frequency (ELF) superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) antenna that is mounted in a submarine-towed buoy depends critically on the motion spectrum of the buoy. Motion spectrum measurements from near dc to 100 Hz were conducted on a hydrodynamically stabilized buoy while being towed in the 650-m towing basin of the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center, Carderock, MD. The spectra show that the angular motion of the buoy can be held to4 times 10^{-6} rad/sqrt{Hz} or less within the ELF receiver bandwidth of 30-130 Hz, as long as properly streamlined fairings are used on the hydrofoil trailing edges in order to prevent oscillations from vortex shedding. Low-frequency oscillations of the buoy were3 times 10^{-3} rad/sqrt{Hz} or less for frequencies down to 0.025 Hz. This performance of the buoy is sufficient to permit it to serve as a towed platform for the NRL prototype SQUID receiver. 相似文献
9.
为了获取海洋连续稳定的气象和水文数据,作者设计了基于Linux的气象水文浮标采集系统,多线程同时测量海面的气象参数（温度、湿度、气压和风速、风向）和海下的水文参数（不同深度的水温和盐度）,监控浮标的电压、漏水和开舱状态,测量和监控原始数据自动备份到系统的数据库,通过CDMA/GPRS或卫星与岸站接收系统通信,实现采集数据实时回传、自动备份和数据补发功能。目前已经在近海和远海各布放2套,气象数据和水文数据采集与接收正常。实验结果表明,该方案解决了近海和远海的海洋气象数据和水文数据的同时采集与传输,具有高度的可扩展性,获取的海洋气象和水文数据连续稳定可靠。 相似文献
10.
表层漂流浮标在应用于海洋调查研究时,浮标体外形对浮标通讯稳定性及数据回收等会产生一系列影响,也直接制约浮标使用寿命。为此,考虑减少风阻和水阻,减小浮标体对水帆运动的影响,提出了一种新型的适用于近远海海洋观测的表层漂流浮标体葫芦形外形设计方案。结合流体力学理论分析,运用Solid Works软件分别对葫芦形浮标体和常用的圆柱形浮标体建模,并利用Workbench软件CFX流体分析模块开展了流体分析和比较,结果表明葫芦形浮标体所受压力更均匀,其水下部分压力值较圆柱浮标体减小约28%,证明葫芦形外形浮标体更具可靠性。 相似文献
11.
NCEP再分析资料和浮标观测资料计算海气热通量的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对来自于美国国家环境预报中心公布的NCEP1、NCEP2 再分析资料和来自于定点布放在黄海北部的浮标观测资料进行了比较和分析。结果是： NCEP 再分析资料中的海表气象参数（风速、湿度、气温、海表温度）是可信的。在统计意义上, NCEP2 给出的海表气象参数比NCEP1 与浮标观测值更接近,而净辐射通量则是NCEP1 ... 相似文献
12.
针对高度计定标检验的需求,研制了GNSS浮标,并在天津市于桥水库和威海市石岛镇分别进行了浮标性能测试。通过对影响浮标数据处理精度的因素进行研究,为GNSS浮标数据处理方法建立了完整的技术流程,使其满足高度计定标检验的需求。结果表明:GNSS浮标可以满足高度计定标检验的需求;但需特定的数据处理方法。(1)在基准站数据处理中,卫星截止高度角选择为5°~15°,数据采集时间不少于24 h;(2)浮标数据处理模式选择为自动模式,并对其进行移动平均滤波或中值滤波处理后,流动站解算结果最优;(3)GNSS浮标的水面高程测量精度优于1 cm;(4)受到GNSS本身的限制,当浮标距离GNSS基准站越远,浮标数据的解算精度越低。 相似文献
13.
早在五十年代,海洋科技工作者已开始利用浮标布设海洋调查仪器,进行海上观测的试验工作。目前被采用的浮标系统,大体有三种类型:(1)锚泊浮标系统,利用各类自含式海洋调査仪器进行测量,定期收回资料;(2)遥测浮标系统,利用无线电遥控和收发各种海洋观测数据;(3)漂移浮标系统,利用浮标本身的漂移,进行海流和其他要素的观测。本文主要介绍浅海锚泊浮标系统的设计和使用情况。
对锚泊浮标系统的研究和实验,许多国家已做了大量有成效的工作。目前关于浮标的设计和锚泊方法尚无統一意见,但是可以看出,大多趋向于采用水下浮标张缆锚泊。这种方法使得浮标系统比起遥测浮标系统来,较为轻小、经济、方便,适合于进行多站同步观测。国外在海洋调查中经常利用这种系统作较长期的海流观测。
我所在六十年代初就已开始了锚泊浮标系统的研究、实验,1964年进行了新的研究设计工作,并在“全国海洋仪器会战”期间,完成了整套系统的计算设计与海上实验,经过鉴定,建议作小批量生产。
近年来,国家海洋局第一海洋研究所、中国科学院南海海洋研究所利用该浮标系统作过多次海上试用,取得了海流长期观测资料,初步考验了该系统的性能。我们最近又对某些部件作了一定的改进,并进行了海上实验。但是,实验也表明:此方法不宜在渔场区和台风盛行季节使用,因易被渔网拖损和丢失。现综合报告如下。 相似文献
14.
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15.
16.
Michael Reynolds 《Ocean Engineering》1983,10(1):65-76
A small, inexpensive, and easily deployable meteorological buoy is described. Buoy motion is greatly reduced by appropriate ballast techniques; vector averaging further removes buoy motion effects from wind data. Data is transmitted to the GOES satellite and is retrieved by telephone. Measurements are vector-averaged wind components, wind speed, wind direction, water temperature, air temperature, and compass direction. Data from two field trials are discussed. Speed comparisons averaged 0.2 m sec−1 with a standard deviation of 0.6 m sec−1. Direction comparisons were different due to local topography, but they indicate a probable accuracy of ±5°. 相似文献
17.
Wave direction measurements using pitch-roll buoys 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
18.
相较于船舶走航监测, 海洋水质浮标在线监测的优势在于能够获取目标海域长期、连续监测数据, 能更好地反映环境状况的动态变化。为了厘清米氏凯伦藻赤潮的发生、发展动态, 本文以2017年6月南麂附近海域米氏凯伦藻赤潮为例, 分析海洋水质浮标获取的连续监测数据, 探讨米氏凯伦藻赤潮过程叶绿素a和水环境因子动态变化特征及其与气象要素的关系。赤潮期间, 水温为22.8~26.0℃、盐度为28.8‰~31.8‰、气温为20.4~27.3℃, 该温盐范围均适宜米氏凯伦藻的细胞生长; 较高的光照强度能够支持较高的藻类细胞密度。Pearson相关性分析显示, 米氏凯伦藻细胞密度与叶绿素a浓度呈显著正相关; 溶解氧(DO)及其饱和度(DO%)、pH、水温、气温等环境因子与叶绿素a浓度呈极显著正相关, 盐度与叶绿素a浓度呈极显著负相关。向岸风生海流有利于藻种向近岸较高营养区域汇集, 为赤潮的爆发创造有利条件。赤潮过程中, 叶绿素a浓度、溶解氧饱和度、pH发生了协同变化, 据此特征可以开展赤潮短期预警。 相似文献
19.
文章根据岙山监测浮标周边海域2015年9-12月水质调查资料,采用水质有机污染指数(A)、富营养化指数(E)和营养状态质量指数(NQI)等进行评价。结果表明:岙山监测浮标周边海域水质化学需氧量(COD)、溶解氧(DO)、油类(oils)符合二类海水水质标准,无机磷(DIP)和无机氮(DIN)含量均超过二类海水水质标准,DIP最高为0.048mg/L,DIN最高为0.753mg/L,总磷(TP)各月平均含量范围0.098~0.185mg/L,总氮(TN)各月平均含量范围0.650~0.818mg/L,叶绿素a(Chl a)含量基本稳定,DIN是主要的超标污染因子;富营养化评价结果显示,岙山监测浮标周边海域水质富营养程度严重,E值最高达9.10,NQI值最高为4.58;有机污染评价结果表明,岙山监测浮标周边海域水质总体处于轻度污染状态,A值最小为10月的1.90,最大为12月的2.73;使用A值、E值和NQI值方法同时对岙山监测浮标周边海域进行评价,其结果变化的一致性较好。 相似文献
20.
Sea ice growth and consolidation play a significant role in heat and momentum exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean. However, few in situ observations of sea ice kinematics have been reported owing to difficulties of deployment of buoys in the marginal ice zone (MIZ). To investigate the characteristics of sea ice kinematics from MIZ to packed ice zone (PIZ), eight drifting buoys designed by Taiyuan University of Technology were deployed in the open water at the ice edge of the Canadian Basin. Sea ice near the buoy constantly increased as the buoy drifted, and the kinematics of the buoy changed as the buoy was frozen into the ice. This process can be determined using sea ice concentration, sea skin temperature, and drift speed of buoy together. Sea ice concentration data showed that buoys entered the PIZ in mid-October as the ice grew and consolidated around the buoys, with high amplitude, high frequency buoy motions almost ceasing. Our results confirmed that good correlation coefficient in monthly scale between buoy drift and the wind only happened in the ice zone. The correlation coefficient between buoys and wind was below 0.3 while the buoys were in open water. As buoys entered the ice zone, the buoy speed was normally distributed at wind speeds above 6 m/s. The buoy drifted mainly to the right of the wind within 45° at wind speeds above 8 m/s. During further consolidation of the ice in MIZ, the direct forcing on the ice through winds will be lessened. The correlation coefficient value increased to 0.9 in November, and gradually decreased to 0.7 in April. 相似文献