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1.
土地利用/覆被变化对海岸环境演变影响的研究进展   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
土地利用/覆被变化是影响海岸带环境演变的一个重要方面。文章着重从土地利用/覆被变化对温室气体释放、入海物质通量、生物多样性影响以及海岸特有自然覆被的生态环境效应角度评述了土地利用/覆被变化对海岸环境演变影响研究的内容与进展。分析指出该领域未来研究将朝更宏观综合(全球环境影响)与更微观深入(环境生物地球化学过程)两个趋向发展。可持续土地利用评价与调整、海岸环境生物地球化学过程与模拟、海岸生物多样性保护和海岸带综合管理将成为未来研究的重点。  相似文献   

2.
潮滩湿地N、P生物地球化学过程研究   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8  
潮滩湿地是一种特殊类型的海岸湿地,其生态系统表生环境生物地球化学过程以及特殊生态与生物多样性保护的基础研究已经日益成为海岸生态系统相关研究的热点问题之一。由于其独特的演化过程、地理位置、地理环境、和所受的动力条件,使N、P在其生态系统内的生物地球化学过程不同于其他湿地类型。通过对潮滩湿地N、P生物地球化学循环特点和循环过程、盐沼植物在N、P生物地球化学循环中的作用以及潮滩湿地生态系统N、P的输入和输出等几个问题进行了概述,分析了当前国内外潮滩湿地N、P生物地球化学过程的研究特点和存在问题,提出了今后相关问题的主要研究趋势。  相似文献   

3.
人类活动对苏北潮滩发育的影响   总被引:14,自引:5,他引:9  
吴小根  王爱军 《地理科学》2005,25(5):614-620
江苏北部潮滩宽阔而平坦,历史上就是人类活动比较频繁的地区。随着对潮滩开发利用强度和深度的增加,人类对潮滩发育的影响越来越显著。潮滩剖面自然发育的均衡形态为上凸型;潮滩被围垦并建堤后,改变了原有的水沙动态平衡关系,潮滩剖面形态发生了调整,海堤附近的潮水沟则不断被淤积。大米草和互花米草等植被的引种改变了潮滩生态结构,由于植被能降低水流流速和波浪能量,起到捕捉沉积物的作用,因此能增加潮间带滩面的淤积速率,改变潮滩分带结构;此外,植被的存在还影响到滩面潮水沟的形态。港口工程的建设改变了沉积物的输运方向。  相似文献   

4.
海南岛为海南省的主体,也是我国第二大岛,地理位置与地形独特,拥有丰富的海岸带滨海湿地类型与资源。近年来受到海平面上升、沿岸风暴潮灾害等自然因素以及旅游开发活动、港湾工程建设和围垦、养殖等人类活动共同作用,红树林、珊瑚礁以及砂质海岸等海岸带滨海湿地遭到大面积破坏,退化趋势明显。通过对海南岛海岸带滨海湿地类型、分布特征以及存在问题的深入分析,提出科学合理的保护对策。  相似文献   

5.
南通海岸带滩涂开发类型选择与空间功能配置研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
陈诚 《地理科学》2017,37(1):138-147
海岸带滩涂开发类型选择与空间布局是海岸带综合管理研究的重要内容,对于促进海岸带可持续发展具有重要意义。以海岸带资源环境-社会经济条件与滩涂开发类型对应关系透视为基础,结合南通海岸带滩涂条件、开发类型演变和区域发展背景分析,提出该地区生态旅游、农业和港口–工业–城镇多元化的滩涂综合利用模式,集成适宜性评价与分区、多部门规划冲突与协调等方法,探讨了南通海岸带滩涂地区生态与旅游、农业和港工城等功能区的空间配置路径。南通海岸带地区三类空间适宜比例分别23.5%,32.7%和43.8%,可以作为海岸带综合管理政策制定的参考。  相似文献   

6.
香港吐露港汀角砂砾质海岸红树林生物地貌过程研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
香港吐露港汀角砂砾质海岸硬底型红树林面积877hm2,由窄条状密集灌丛与小乔木组成,其分布与群落结构受地貌、底质和潮汐浸淹频率的显著控制,其捕沙促淤生物地貌功能对红树林潮滩沉积和地貌过程有显著影响。硬底型红树林生物地貌功能比软底型红树林弱,但同属于海岸生态关键区而应加以妥善保护。  相似文献   

7.
华南海岸带陆海相互作用研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
全球环境变化背景下,海岸带陆海相互作用的重点应该放在地球系统的重要界面-海岸带。结合国外海岸带陆海相互作用研究,对我国华南海岸带历史与现代陆海相互作用研究的现状与问题进行较为详细的评述,并就华南海岸带开展陆海相互作用应研究的主要内容及趋势进行了探讨。  相似文献   

8.
江苏王港盐沼的现代沉积速率   总被引:35,自引:0,他引:35  
江苏海岸湿地总面积超过5000km^2,但围垦活动的加剧使盐沼湿地面积迅速减少;为了达到海岸防护、保滩促淤的目的,先后引种了大米草和互花米草。通过采集江苏王港潮滩盐沼湿地9处柱状样和挖取探槽剖面,以及对沉积剖面样品进行^210Pb和^137Cs测年分析,探讨了^210Pb的本底及影响^210Pb富集的因素,估算了王港盐沼湿地的现代沉积速率。王港潮滩盐沼沉积物对^210Pb的吸附作用较弱;受风暴潮、生物扰动、物源变化及实验误差等因素的影响,在^210Pbex剖面上出现了数据异常点,将这些数据点剔除后计算得到的沉积速率为33cm yr^-1,^137Cs测年显示,该地区1963年以来的平均沉积速率3.1cm yr^-1,与^210Pb法及前人研究结果相一致。根据一个典型剖面的^137Cs测年数据分析,王港潮滩盐沼的沉积过程根据地貌特征的不同可分3个阶段,大米草覆盖阶段滩面高程迅速增加,互花米草的生长提高了滩面淤积速率。  相似文献   

9.
通过对比分析江苏省盐城市大丰区沿海滩涂不同利用类型土壤有机碳(SOC)的含量与分布特征,探讨了围垦年限及土壤理化性质对SOC贮量的影响。结果显示,大丰沿海滩涂不同利用类型的SOC平均含量为:DF4(3.72 g/kg,农用地,围垦43年)DF1(2.30 g/kg,互花米草潮滩)DF3(2.25 g/kg,农用地,围垦23年)DF2(1.62 g/kg,未利用地,围垦5年)。在垂直分布上,耕作表土层(0~20 cm)SOC含量最高,耕作层以下(20~70cm)随土层深度增加SOC含量逐渐减少。此外,SOC含量与全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)呈极显著正相关,与p H呈极显著负相关,与平均粒径呈显著负相关。研究表明,围垦后的土地,农业活动对土壤表土层的理化性质的影响增强,进而影响到SOC含量的分布,且随着围垦年限的增长,农业活动对SOC含量的影响程度不断加深,并探讨了这一影响过程。  相似文献   

10.
以快速城市化地区深圳市为研究区域,以1978、1986、1995和2005年4期Landsat MSS/TM影像为数据源,利用阈值结合NDVI指数法提取海岸线,计算海岸线分维数,系统分析了深圳市多期海岸线分维变化特征,并初步揭示快速城市化地区海岸线分维变化机制,为进~步掌握快速城市化地区人类活动对海岸带变化影响进行了探索与总结.研究结果表明:(1)不同类型海岸的海岸线分维不同,由基岩海岸、人工海岸到淤泥质海岸递减:(2)研究时段内,深圳市东海岸海岸线分维总体降低,西海岸总体上升:(3)人类活动对海岸线分维变化影响显著.人类活动强度与海岸线分维变化程度呈正相关,人类活动方式包括滩涂围垦和填海造地对海岸线的分维变化幅度影响不同,其中滩涂围垦使海岸线分维变化幅度较小,填海造地使海岸线分维变化幅度显著.  相似文献   

11.
以辽东湾北部区为研究对象,利用1977~2014年Landsat卫星的5期遥感影像作为数据源,通过RS和GIS技术,分析研究区海岸线空间格局变化以及围垦区内外滨海湿地景观的演替路径与模式。结果表明: 研究期内海岸线长度呈波动增长且整体表现为向海扩张趋势。1985~1993年和2002~2014年是辽东湾北部区海岸带显著发生向陆侵蚀和向海扩张时期,大凌河河口西岸和大辽河河口西岸的自然岸线大量转为人工岸线。 围垦活动已经使研究区85%的自然滨海湿地转为人工滨海湿地和非湿地,景观破碎度不断增强,但在2002~2014年,芦苇、潮间带盐沼植被在围垦区外围逐渐生长,景观多样性持续增加。 在围垦区内部,传统的景观演替路径是自然滨海湿地-内陆盐植/芦苇-水产养殖/耕地-建设用地。然而,由于先进的围垦和快速脱盐技术,滨海湿地景观演替的路径不仅简化而且时间缩短。不同的围垦强度和方式显著地影响区域景观格局的演变。加强保护大辽河西岸由水产养殖到内陆盐植的逆向演替以及双台子河河口两岸的湿地区域,对于区域生态环境改善具有重要意义。  相似文献   

12.
江苏中部海岸互花米草扩展对滩涂围垦的响应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
朱冬  高抒 《地理研究》2014,33(12):2382-2392
根据2001-2013年遥感影像和野外观测数据,对江苏中部海岸互花米草(Spartina alterniflora Loisel)在滩涂围垦期间的扩展过程进行定量化分析。结果显示:2001-2013年互花米草扩展对围垦的响应大体分为三个阶段:2001-2007年,海堤外米草面积较大,每年新增米草面积及米草年扩展率均和新增围垦面积变化同步,且相关性显著;2008-2010年,海堤外米草面积较小,但米草年扩展率仍然较高;2011-2013年,随着围垦的持续进行,米草扩展进入稳定期。因此,互花米草扩展对于滩涂围垦的不同速率和阶段具有不同的响应。若围垦时保留足够宽度的堤前米草,则围垦可以提高米草的年扩展率,其机理是互花米草种子产量和前缘淤积环境是影响米草扩展的主要因素,而围垦对这两方面都有影响。在后期滩涂围垦时,应保证堤外米草宽度在0.9~1 km之间,实现土地资源的可持续利用。  相似文献   

13.
Integrating remote sensing, geographic information system (GIS) and fractal theory, change characteristics of tidal flats and tidal creeks in the Huanghe (Yellow) River Delta over the period of 1986-2001 were discussed. The results show that evolutions of tidal fiats throughout the Huanghe River Delta are influenced by various factors, and that progressive succession and regression of tidal flats concur in different coastal segments of the delta. Human activities have played an increasingly important role in the succession process of tidal flats. Due to land reclamation in coastal zones of the delta in the last 15 years, lots of tidal flats were occupied, the artificial coastline migrated seaward (the maximum change rate was 0.8 kmyr^-1) and tidal creeks became sparser (the highest decreasing rate of length of tidal creeks was 14.9 kmyr^-1). Except for two coastal segments from the Tiaohe Estuary to the 106 Station and from the south of the Huanghe River mouth to the north of the Xiaodao River Estuary,fractal dimension values of tidal creeks in the remaining coastal segments of the delta decreased. In addition, the time dimension, sediment fluxes into the sea, waves and tidal-currents have profound influences on the evolution process of tidal flats. Four types of tidal flats-river-dominated tidal flats,tide-dominated tidal flats, wave-dominated tidal flats and man-dominated tidal flats can be identified.Owing to the intensification of human activities in coastal zones of the delta, man-dominated tidal flats have become the main kind of tidal flats.  相似文献   

14.
上海淤泥质潮滩潮锋作用及其形成机制初步探讨*   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
徐元  王宝灿 《地理研究》1994,13(3):60-68
本文具体讨论了上海淤泥质潮滩的潮锋作用过程,定性给出了潮锋的形成机制,认为潮锋作用及其水体高含沙量现象的本质在于“潮锋带水体水流加速效应”,即,由于潮滩坡面变化平缓的特殊性,涨潮水体前锋沿程存在着一持续时间可达数十分钟的水流加速过程.最后,本文初步探讨了潮锋作用在滩面塑造过程中的地位,并重新定义了潮锋作用的内容.  相似文献   

15.
江苏滨海潮滩湿地对潮位变化的生态响应   总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24  
杨桂山  施雅风  张琛 《地理学报》2002,57(3):327-334
通过江苏滨海平原典型淤泥质潮滩湿地断面定位观测和样品测试数据与潮位变化关系研究,探讨海平面上升导致淤泥质潮滩湿地生态演替的可能情景,结果表明,淤泥质潮滩湿地的潜水水位和水质,土壤盐分和养分以及潮滩植物种类和生产量等生态组分与潮位变化之间均存在良好的相关关系,据此关系推断,海平面上升,不仅将直接通过增加潮滩湿地的潮浸频率,而且还通过抬高潜水的水位与矿化度,引起潮滩湿地表土积盐和植被退化,进而导致潮滩湿地生态发生逆向演替;生物多样性减少,生产量下降和生态类型趋于单一,上部的茅草滩,已淋洗脱盐的表土因重新返盐(次生盐渍化作用),茅草生长受到抑制,将逐步被较低一级的盐蒿取代,同时由于海堤的阻碍,损失的草滩得不到相应的补偿,最终将可能消失;下部的大米草沼泽,其外缘将不断为光滩所取代,内缘上侵由于受到其繁殖速度的限制,在海平面上升速率军装大时补偿速度可能赶不上其退化速度,而导致其分布逐渐变窄,甚至消失,中部的盐蒿滩则由于得到上部草滩退化的补偿和下部大米草沼泽退化的缓冲,范围不断扩大,生态类型多样的潮滩湿地最终将由单一的盐蒿控制。  相似文献   

16.
Tidal flats, a precious resource that provides ecological services and land space for coastal zones, are facing threats from human activities and climate change. In this study, a robust decision tree for tidal flat extraction was developed to analyse spatiotemporal variations in the Bohai Rim region during 1984-2019 based on 9539 Landsat TM/OLI surface reflection images and the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform. The area of tidal flats significantly fluctuated downwards from 3551.22 to 1712.36 km2 in the Bohai Rim region during 1984-2019, and 51.31% of tidal flats were distributed near the Yellow River Delta and Liaohe River Delta during 2017-2019. There occurred a drastic spatial transition of tidal flats with coastline migration towards the ocean. Low-stability tidal flats were mainly distributed in reclamation regions, deltas, and bays near the estuary during 1984-2019. The main factors of tidal flat evolution in the Bohai Rim region included the direct impact of land cover changes in reclamation regions, the continuous impact of a weakening sediment supply, and the potential impact of a deteriorating sediment storage capability. The extraction process and maps herein could provide a reference for the sustainable development and conservation of coastal resources.  相似文献   

17.
Five diagnostic experiments with a 3D baroclinic hydrodynamic and sediment transport model ECOMSED in couple with the third generation wave model SWAN and the Grant–Madsen bottom boundary layer model driven by the monthly sediment load of the Yellow River, were conducted to separately diagnose effects of different hydrodynamic factors on transport of suspended sediment discharged from the Yellow River in the Bohai Sea. Both transport and spatio-temporal distribution of suspended sediment concentration in the Bohai Sea were numerially simulated. It could be concluded that suspended sediment discharged from the Yellow River cannot be delivered in long distance under the condition of tidal current. Almost all of sediments from the Yellow River are deposited outside the delta under the condition of wind-driven current, and only very small of them are transported faraway. On the basis of wind forcing, sediments from the Yellow River are mainly transported north-northwestward, and others which are first delivered to the Laizhou Bay are continuously moved northward. An obvious 3D structure characteristic of sediment transport is produced in the wind-driven and tide-induced residual circulation condition. Transport patterns at all layers are generally consistent with circulation structure, but there is apparent deviation between the depth-averaged sediment flux and the circulation structure. The phase of temporal variation of sediment concentration is consistent with that of the bottom shear stress, both of which are proved to have a ten-day cycle in wave and current condition.  相似文献   

18.
Five diagnostic experiments with a 3D baroclinic hydrodynamic and sediment transport model ECOMSED in couple with the third generation wave model SWAN and the Grant-Madsen bottom boundary layer model driven by the monthly sediment load of the Yellow River, were conducted to separately diagnose effects of different hydrodynamic factors on transport of suspended sediment discharged from the Yellow River in the Bohai Sea. Both transport and spatio-temporal distribution of suspended sediment concentration in the Bohai Sea were numerially simulated. It could be concluded that suspended sediment discharged from the Yellow River cannot be delivered in long distance under the condition of tidal current. Almost all of sediments from the Yellow River are deposited outside the delta under the condition of wind-driven current, and only very small of them are transported faraway. On the basis of wind forcing, sediments from the Yellow River are mainly transported north-northwestward, and others which are first delivered to the Laizhou Bay are continuously moved northward. An obvious 3D structure characteristic of sediment transport is produced in the wind-driven and tide-induced residual circulation condition. Transport patterns at all layers are generally consistent with circulation structure, but there is apparent deviation between the depth-averaged sediment flux and the circulation structure. The phase of temporal variation of sediment concentration is consistent with that of the bottom shear stress, both of which are proved to have a ten-day cycle in wave and current condition.  相似文献   

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