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1.
Permafrost along the Qinghai-Tibet railway is featured by abundant ground ice and high ground temperature. Under the influence of climate warming and engineering activities, the permafrost is under degradation process. The main difficulty in railway roadbed construction is how to prevent thawing settlement caused by degradation of permafrost. Therefore the proactively cooling methods based on controlling solar radiation, heat conductivity and heat convection were adopted instead of the traditional passive methods, which is simply increasing thermal resistance. The cooling methods used in the Qinghai-Tibet railway construction include sunshine-shielding roadbeds, crushed rock based roadbeds, roadbeds with rock revetments, duct-ventilated roadbeds, thermosyphon installed roadbeds and land bridges. The field monitored data show that the cooling methods are effective in protecting the underlying permafrost, the permafrost table was uplifted under the embankments and therefore the roadbed stability was guaranteed. 相似文献
2.
应用冷却路基原理建设青藏铁路 总被引：9，自引：6，他引：3
More than half of the total length of the Qinghai-Tibet Railroad (QTR) traverses warm (0 to-1℃) permafrost areas, and about 40% of its total length is in ice-rich permafrost areas. Thc construction of the QTR also must consider the impacts of climatic warming along the QTR during the next 50～100 years. The latest projection indicates a warming of 2.2 to 2.6℃ on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) by the year 2050. Therefore, the key to the successful construction of the QTR is to protect permafrost from being thawed. Although railroad construction in permafrost areas has had a history of more than 100 years, the troubled sections of the railroads in permafrost areas have been greater than 30% of their total length. Based on the experiences and lessons learned from the road construction in permafrost areas, both in China and abroad, the author proposes that the principle of “active cooling” of railroad roadbed by lowering permafrost temperatures should be used in designing QTR, rather than that of “passive protection” of permafrost through increasing thermal resistance of roadway, such as increasing fill thickness and/or using insulative materials. This is especially important for the road sections in warm, ice-rich permafrost. In addition, this paper proposes several methods for “cooling the roadbcd” by controlling radiation, convection and conduction through modifying roadway structure and using different fill materials. 相似文献
3.
Finite Element Method has been used to operate the numerical analysis and comparison between the traditional ventilated embankment and the adjustable ventilated embankment adopted in Qinghai-Tibet Railway construction. The numerical results show that: 1) The adjustable ventilated embankments can prevent the thermal entry from air into ducts during summer from thawing the permafrost beneath the embankments; 2) The cooling effects of the adjustable ventilated embankments on permafrost is much better than the traditional ventilated embankments although two kinds of embankments can generate the thawing bulbs at the beginning of finishing construction; 3) The drop of the mean temperature of permafrost under the adjustable ventilated embankments keeps faster than that of the mean temperature of permafrost under the traditional ventilated embankments. It is clear that the adjustable ventilated embankments can keep the embankment more stable than the traditional ventilated embankments. 相似文献
4.
青藏铁路冻土路基沉降变形现场试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Based on the field data of ground temperature and roadway settlement observed during the construction of the experimental embankments over permafrost along the Qinghai-Tibetan Railway, this paper discusses the differences of frost process on the roadway surface from that on the natural ground surface, the changes of permafrost table under the roadway embankment, and the peculiarities of roadway settlement. Analyses of the test results show : 1) The differences of the freezing indexes between the roadway surfaces and the natural ground surfaces are less than those of the thawing indexes for all the test sections; 2) Since the measures of permafrost protection were taken, the permafrost tables under the embankments have raised after the roadway was constructed. The minimum is about 0.4 m and the maximum is 1.2 m; 3) the settlements of the roadway are mainly from the compression and creep of the icerich frozen soils under the original permafrost tables and the maximum has reached 6 ～ 8 cm during the first year after the embankments were constructed. Moreover, concerning the processes of roadway settlement, the deformation of the embankments has no obvious trend of attenuation at present. Especially,for the roadway with high embankments, the settlement may reach a remarkable value and much consideration must be given for this problem. 相似文献
5.
The distribution of permafrost and taliks is very complex in the Tuotuo River Basin(TRB), which is located in interior of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Characterizing the spatial distribution and the thermal stability of permafrost and taliks is of great significance to community activities and engineering construction in TRB. Based on the zonation of permafrost and talik distribution around TRB conducted in the 1980s, the soil temperature and its variation process of permafrost and taliks in the south and north banks of the Tuotuo River were analyzed by using the observation data of five boreholes(N1~N5)along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway in the north bank and five boreholes(S1~S5)on the first terrace in the south bank. The results showed that, under the climate warming, permafrost and taliks in the north banks experienced significant degradation and warming process. From 2005 to 2020, the permafrost at the N1 borehole has undergone a significant down-draw degradation process, from extremely unstable and high-temperature permafrost to thawed zone. From 2005 to 2013, the annual average ground temperature of the talik at N2 increased at a rate of 0. 3~0. 4 °C·(10a)-1. At Maqutang on the south bank, permafrost prevails from the first-class terrace to the gentle slope of the Kaixinling Mountain, with both through and non-through taliks on the first-class terrace. The spatial distribution and the thermal stability of permafrost and talik in the TRB are further promoted by analyzing the changes in temperatures at boreholes in the basin. However, to meet the requirements of mapping and engineering construction of permafrost and taliks in the TRB, it is still necessary to carry out geological investigation with multiple methods and in-depth research on development mechanism of taliks in the future. © 2022 Nanjing Forestry University. All rights reserved. 相似文献
6.
保温材料在青藏铁路路基工程中应用的数值分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In many cases, preventing permafrost from further thaw due to human activities might be the first choice for embankment design in permafrost regions. 2-D finite element analysis was conducted in this paper, in which phase change was taken into consideration to simulate the thermal regime of the Qinghai-Tibetan Railway with Expandable Polystyrene (EPS). Based on the predicted maximum thaw depth in the following 50 year, the best position for insulation was presented and the relationship between the thickness of insulation and the height of embankment was analyzed. Besides, the applicable range of insulation in embankment engineering of the Qinghai-Tibetan Railway in terms of Mean Annual Air Temperature (MAAT) was suggested and the influence of geothermal field of permafrost on the applicable range of the insulation was discussed. 相似文献
7.
The design of roadbed-abutment transition part is always a challenging problem in transportation engineering, especially in permafrost distribution zone. A new type of roadbed-abutment transition part on permafrost was presented, and long-term observation was conducted for the deformation and the thermal regime of a roadbed-abutment transition part in the constructing Qinghai-Tibet Railway. In this paper, a new structure was presented and the observed settlements both in the subgrade and the base and its dependency with the thermal regime (permafrost table) were analyzed. In conclusion the roadbed-a-butment transition method for permafrost distribution zone was evaluated. 相似文献
8.
Using the long-term ground temperature monitoring data of the permafrost zone along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway from 2006 to 2020,three types of typical roadbed structures were analyzed. Traditional embankment（TE）,U-shaped crushed rock embankment（UCRE）and crushed rock revetment embankment（CRRE）were included the three types of typical roadbed,which were selected to the long-term monitoring sections within the warm permafrost zones. The evolution of ground temperature field,mean annual ground temperature （MAGT）and annual maximum ground temperature（AMGT）in the depth range of 20 m under the embankment were analyzed and studied since 15 years of operation. The monitoring and analysis results show that：the growth rate of MAGT under the left and right shoulders of the TE is always higher than that of the same depth in the natural site. The MAGT under the UCRE is always lower than the natural site and always maintains a certain difference,whereas,the difference in ground temperature under the left and right shoulders is also not negligible. The MAGT of the left shoulder in the CRRE is not much different from that of the natural hole,while the MAGT of the right shoulder is always lower than that of the natural hole,and the differ in ground temperature between the left and right shoulders is smaller than that of the UCRE. The artificial permafrost table（APT）under the TE is always lower than that of in the natural site. Both the UCRE and CRRE,the APT in the left and right shoulders of them has been elevated into the embankment,and the differ of APT between the left and right shoulders is about 1. 0~1. 5 m. the differ of APT between the left and right shoulders in the CRRE is slightly lower than that of UCRE. Overall,because of the influence of thermal disturbance about engineering and climate warming,the TE in the warm permafrost zones cannot keep the thermal stability of permafrost under the embankment. Some active-cooling and reinforcement measures need to be taken. Both of the UCRE and CRRE,have a certain active-cooling effect on the permafrost under embankment,but the differ in ground temperature between the left and right shoulders still needs to be taken seriously. © 2022 Science Press (China). 相似文献
9.
The effective and assured measures in criteria of formulation, procedures, techniques and methods for geological prospecting of Qinghai-Xizang Railway have been made. The permafrost engineering geological investigation indicate the talik and those sections with annual average ground temperature higher than 1 ℃ takes up 68.8% of total amount; the high ice content permafrost also account for 50% of real permafrost section. The distribution of permafrost characteristics is obviously influenced by altitude and latitude. The prospecting also shows the distribution of permafrost characteristics is rather complicated. Based on two predications of air temperature-rising tendency, by calculating climate model of permafrost thermal status, and comparing and analyzing geological distribution of Qinghai-Xizang Railway, the tendency of permafrost recession range has been predicated. 相似文献
10.
青藏铁路中碎石路基的应用和技术可行性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
According to the climatic characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and in accordance with engineering practice and theory, this paper attempts to analyze the choosing principles and the technical applicability of riprap subgrade in Qinghai-Tibet Railway permafrost regions. 相似文献
11.
青藏铁路沿线多年冻土分布特征及其对环境变化的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对青藏高原特殊的自然气候条件,按照地形、地貌把青藏铁路沿线多年冻土分为15个区段,并分别介绍了各个区段多年冻土特征. 结果表明：在外界环境变化,包括全球气候变暖及工程活动的双重效应下,青藏铁路沿线多年冻土及其存在状态发生了极大变化,这些变化主要包括年平均气温升高、多年冻土退化、热融灾害增加、寒区工程病害不断加剧等. 多年冻土及其存在状态发生变化不但导致生态环境恶化,而且对青藏铁路沿寒区工程的安全运营、维护及发展提出新的挑战. 相似文献
12.
首届亚洲冻土大会于2006年8月5~16日在兰州、青藏线和拉萨顺利召开.大会讨论主要包括以下5个议题:1)冻土工程;2)山区和高原冻融灾害及冰缘环境;3)冰冻圈的气候与环境条件;4)冻土水文、寒区水资源及土地利用,和;5)冻土监测、制图及模拟.国内论文大多集中于青藏铁路各种科技创新和工程(示范)建设方面.中亚冻土分类、制图和监测研讨会明确了制定统一的中亚地区冻土图的计划和实施方案.会议期间,国内主要新闻媒体对全球15位著名冻土学家进行了联合采访.大约80位中外代表参加了青藏(公)铁路沿线考察,并于8月15日在拉萨举行青藏铁路工程和环境问题讨论会.专家一致认为,青藏铁路所采取的冻土工程措施基本上是恰当、有效的,能够保证青藏铁路路基的长期稳定性.但是,沿线寒区环境保护问题还任重道远,需要尽快进行综合管(治)理,以达到青藏地区社会经济和谐、持续发展的目标. 相似文献
13.
青藏铁路路桥过渡段沉降变形影响因素分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
青藏铁路于2006年7月1日建成通车,已运行5年。总体上铁路路基是稳定的,但由于铁路建设在以高温高含冰量为特征的多年冻土之上,冻土的微小变化会诱发路基病害的发生,其中路桥过渡段沉降变形是比较典型,也是最为普遍的一类路基病害。通过对青藏铁路西大滩至尺曲谷地164座桥梁路桥过渡段沉降病害调查及相关因素分析。过渡段路基沉降与桥走向的南北端、路基坡向、路基高度、多年冻土类型（含冰量）、地温、路基结构以及地质条件等因素相关。桥北端平均沉降量大于南端,阳坡大于阴坡;沉降量随着路基高度呈对数趋势增加;富冰、饱冰等高含冰量冻土区沉降明显高于多冰、少冰地段,高温多年冻土区沉降量高于低温多年冻土区;路基结构对过渡段沉降也有一定的响应性,表现为特殊结构路基沉降较小;粉土、粉质黏土等细颗粒地层段沉降量比砾石土等其他岩性地段大。通过相关性分析表明,过渡段路基沉降与坡向相关系数最大,为0.234,其次为与路基填土高度,为0.213,与桥南北端、路基结构、冻土含冰量也呈正相关关系;与地温的负相关性比较显著,为-0.210,其次与地质条件呈现出负相关性 相似文献
14.
15.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(2):119-127
Widespread warm permafrost with a high ice content is a key problem for the roadbed stability of the Qinghai–Tibet Railway. A new approach is proposed to alleviate the effect of global warming and engineering construction on permafrost by cooling the roadbed and positively protecting the permafrost. Measures for cooling the roadbed by adjusting solar radiation, conduction, and convection are studied and applied to prevent ground ice from thawing and to ensure roadbed stability in permafrost regions. The results of monitoring permafrost embankments at Beiluhe and along the Qinghai–Tibet Railway show that the measures adopted for cooling the roadbed are very effective in raising permafrost table and reducing the soil temperature. 相似文献
16.
路基施工对青藏高原多年冻土的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
青藏高原上施工会扰动其下多年冻土的存在状态. 近些年来, 高原上相继修建的大量的线性工程, 这些大型工程的建设必将进行多年冻土区的开挖和夯填, 从而会引起下伏多年冻土的结构发生很大变化. 研究了路基施工对青藏高原多年冻土的影响, 并以青藏铁路、青藏公路沿线典型实例进行分析. 结果表明: 开挖施工扰动最大, 可引起斜坡失稳滑塌、地表积水和热融湖塘等;填土路堤会引起其下伏多年冻土升温, 路基两侧形成的小气候往往起着提高地面温度的作用;挡水、排水设施施工也会导致多年冻土上限下降, 地表沉陷. 可见, 填土路基、开挖、地表工程扰动都会导致多年冻土发生变化, 这些冻土变化对路基稳定必将构成威胁. 相似文献
17.
青藏高原是我国乃至世界高海拔多年冻土区的典型代表。伴随着青藏铁路的建成通车,西藏自治区迎来了新一轮经济发展,迫切需要新建高速公路、输变电线路、输油气管道工程等。这些拟建工程与已建的青藏公路、青藏铁路、格拉输油管道、兰西拉光缆等工程均聚集于宽度不足10km范围内的青藏工程走廊。在这狭长的冻土工程走廊内,已修建或拟建的各种冻土构筑物相互影响,多因素耦合叠加,加速区域内的冻土退化,而冻土融化必将影响到工程的稳定性和生态环境退化。再加上全球气候变化的影响,其变化程度更加剧烈。面对国家需求,国家重点基础研究发展项目"青藏高原重大冻土工程的基础研究"于2012年4月正式启动。该项目旨在揭示气候变化与人类工程活动加剧背景下冻土变化及灾害时空演化规律,建立冻土工程稳定性和服役性能评价体系,提出冻土工程灾害防治理论与控制对策,为冻土构筑物群灾害应急预案和重大冻土工程建设提供科学决策依据。 相似文献