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印度洋金枪鱼渔业现状 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
报道了印度洋海域金枪鱼渔业近十年的生产概况，结果显示，印度洋金枪鱼渔业从业国家和地区已达40个，从业国家(地区)中以欧共体、印度尼西亚、印度、伊朗、斯里兰卡、中国台湾、马尔代夫等所占份额较高，以2000年计占当年印度洋金枪鱼渔业总产量的68．17％。产量140万吨，以金枪鱼类所占份额最高．主要金枪鱼渔获种类依次为鲣、黄鳍金枪鱼和大眼金枪鱼，主要渔业方式为金枪鱼围网、刺网及延绳钓。中国在印度洋海域金枪鱼渔业中年占份额较小，捕捞产量从1995年的444吨逐渐上升到2000年的6408吨。 相似文献
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大西洋金枪鱼渔业现状分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文采用大西洋国际金抢鱼保护委员会ICCAT的报告和统计常设委员会（SCRS）数据库，统计分析了1978-2002年大西洋金抢鱼的渔获种类及渔具渔法。结果表明：按种类分黄鳍金枪鱼（占28％）、鲣鱼（22％）、长鳍金枪鱼（15％）、大眼金枪鱼（11％）、其他种类（8％）；按渔具分围网（42％）、延绳钓（29％）、饵钓（22％）、其它渔具（7％）。同时分析了不同海域的渔获种类、渔获量波动情况和原因。 相似文献
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参与国际海洋生物普查（Census of Marine Life）的海洋历史学家详细描述了1900—1950年北欧迅猛发展的渔业及其最终导致的结果——北欧周边海域蓝鳍金枪鱼种群数骤减。
遭到打击的不仅是北欧周边海域的蓝鳍金枪鱼,大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼、太平洋蓝鳍金枪鱼、澳大利亚蓝鳍金枪鱼皆难逃厄运。
蓝鳍金枪鱼已经成为世界上最濒危的物种之一。 相似文献
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采用2007 ～2011年Argo浮标剖面温度资料研究了大西洋黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)和大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)延绳钓主要作业渔场温跃层的时空变化特征.研究结果表明热带大西洋黄鳍金枪鱼、大眼金枪鱼延绳钓主要作业渔场温跃层的上界深度和温度存在着明显的季节性变化.温跃层上界深度呈现出冬深夏浅的季节性变化特征,大致呈纬向带状分布,12月至翌年4月份,15°N以北海域温跃层上界深度超过80 rn,同期10°S以南海域的多低于50 m;6～10月份的则相反.在赤道纬向区域温跃层上界温度在27℃以上,往南北两侧30°区域温度值依次递减至20℃及以下.温跃层下界深度和温度没有明显的季节性变化.温跃层下界深度高值区域的空间分布呈现“W”形状,深度值在220 m以上.在25°S以南,从南美洲到非洲西沿岸海域并延伸到安哥拉外海,以及10°N非洲西海岸外海,在1a中的大部分月份里,温跃层下界深度浅于150 m.在15°N以北和15°S以南区域下界温度大于15℃,在这之间的纬向区域下界温度低于14℃.全年在大西洋西部的5 °～ 15°N和5 °～15°S区域的温跃层厚度最大,在80～150 m之间,冬季和夏季呈现相反的分布特征;温跃层强度高值在5°S～ 15°N纬向区域,尤其是大西洋东部,介于0.15 ～ 0.25℃/m之间.根据文中揭示的大西洋金枪鱼延绳钓主要作业渔场区温跃层的时空变化特征,作者建议晚上大眼金枪鱼和黄鳍金枪鱼投钩深度应该在温跃层上界深度分布的附近水域;白天捕捞黄鳍金枪鱼投钩深度应该在温跃层下界深度分布的水域附近,大眼金枪鱼投钩深度要比黄鳍金枪鱼的更深. 相似文献
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基于GAM模型分析印度洋大眼金枪鱼和黄鳍金枪鱼渔场分布与不同环境因子关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
印度洋金枪鱼延绳钓渔业作为我国重要的远洋渔业之一，探究其渔场时空变动及与环境因子之间的关系十分必要。本文根据2016年1—6月收集的印度洋金枪鱼渔业生产数据，并结合卫星遥感获取的环境因子数据，运用ArcGIS和GAM模型分析了印度洋大眼金枪鱼和黄鳍金枪鱼渔场时空变动及与环境因子之间的关系。研究结果表明:大眼金枪鱼和黄鳍金枪鱼1—6月CPUE均呈现先减小后增加的趋势，4月均达最高值，分别为2.45尾/千钩和3.56尾/千钩，各月CPUE均存在显著性差异（P<0.001）；大眼金枪鱼和黄鳍金枪鱼渔场时空变动基本趋于一致，均为先向东北移动，后向西北移动，最后再向东北移动的趋势；GAM模型分析显示，大眼金枪鱼CPUE与模型因子的解释率为32.1%，纬度和250 m水深温度影响最显著，黄鳍金枪鱼CPUE与模型因子的解释率为37.2%，200 m水深温度影响最显著；协同分析表明，1—6月，印度洋金枪鱼延绳钓中心渔场分布于1°S~9.5°N，47°~64°E，且海表温度在29.3~30.8℃的海域。 相似文献
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大眼金枪鱼是世界最重要的渔业资源之一,经济价值较高,捕捞压力的加大使中部太平洋大眼金枪鱼过度捕捞程度愈发严重。开展种群遗传结构研究将为大眼金枪鱼资源的可持续利用与开发提供科学依据。本文以取自中西太平洋和中东太平洋共182尾大眼金枪鱼个体为研究对象,分析研究其线粒体DNA控制区第一个高变区（the first hypervariable region,HVR-1）457bp的序列,共发现115个变异位点,定义了178种单倍型。序列多样性分析结果显示8个采样点核苷酸多样性在0.03074-0.04362间,单倍型多样性在各个采样点都较高,变动范围在0.996-1.000之间;分子方差分析显示99.97%的遗传变异性来自于种群内;群体间的高基因交流值Nm和低分化指数Fst揭示中东太平洋与中西太平洋群体间基因交流频繁,不存在显著的遗传分化。 相似文献
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根据收集到的太平洋延绳钓大眼金枪鱼捕捞产量、海水表层温度(SST)数据等,研究了太平洋延绳钓大眼金枪鱼捕捞产量及渔场区 SST 的统计特征.结果表明:太平洋延绳钓大眼金枪鱼渔场主要分布在较高温度的热带海域,整个太平洋渔场区平均 SST 为 26.56 ℃,中位数为27.28 ℃,高产渔区SST相对较高,其主要渔场区平均表层水温主要位于23.8 ℃～29.3 ℃.渔场区 SST 数据分布为负偏,而产量数据分布为正偏.平均CPUE分布呈双峰分布,但主要捕捞产量多数在大于25 ℃海域捕捞.时间序列分析结果显示:太平洋大眼金枪鱼CPUE呈下降趋势,SSTA自1970年代末开始增加,表明太平洋热带海域处于变暖阶段,CPUE和MEI指数与SSTA 的周期变化具有较好的一致性. 相似文献
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The modern fishery stock assessment could be conducted by various models, such as Stock Synthesis model with high data requirement and complicated model structure, and the basic surplus production model, which fails to incorporate individual growth, maturity, and fishery selectivity, etc. In this study, the Just Another Bayesian Biomass Assessment (JABBA) Select which is relatively balanced between complex and simple models, was used to conduct stock assessment for yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in the Atlantic Ocean. Its population dynamics was evaluated, considering the influence of selectivity patterns and different catch per unit effort (CPUE) indices on the stock assessment results. The model with three joint longline standardized CPUE indices and logistic selectivity pattern performed well, without significant retrospective pattern. The results indicated that the stock is not overfished and not subject to overfishing in 2018. Sensitivity analyses indicated that stock assessment results are robust to natural mortality but sensitive to steepness of the stock-recruitment relationship and fishing selectivity. High steepness was revealed to be more appropriate for this stock, while the fishing selectivity has greater influence to the assessment results than life history parameters. Overall, JABBA-Select is suitable for the stock assessment of Atlantic yellowfin tuna with different selectivity patterns, and the assumptions of natural mortality and selectivity pattern should be improved to reduce uncertainties. 相似文献
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基于贝叶斯状态空间产量模型的大西洋黄鳍金枪鱼资源评估 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)是全球远洋渔业的重要目标鱼种,要实现有效的管理,对其进行科学的资源评估是必不可少的。本文以大西洋黄鳍金枪鱼为研究对象,根据国际大西洋金枪鱼养护委员会的渔获量和单位捕捞努力量渔获量数据,使用贝叶斯状态空间模型进行资源评估,并探讨不同剩余产量函数和单位捕捞努力量渔获量数据对评估的影响。结果表明,使用美国、委内瑞拉、日本和中国台北4个船队的单位捕捞努力量渔获量数据及Fox剩余产量函数时模型拟合效果最佳。关键参数环境容纳量和内禀增长率的估计中值和95%置信区间分别为178 (140,229)×104 t和0.210(0.159,0.274);当前资源量为72.5×104 t,最大可持续产量为13.7×104 t时,种群既没有遭受资源型过度捕捞,也没有捕捞型过度捕捞发生。敏感性分析表明,当渔获量数据存在误报率(70%、80%、90%、110%、120%和130%)时,生物量的评估结果偏高,而捕捞死亡率的结果偏低,但种群均处于健康状态;预测分析显示,当总允许可捕量设为11×104 t时,资源在2024年前仍基本保持健康状态。本研究与国际大西洋金枪鱼养护委员会现有的评估结果基本一致,且模型较稳健,可以为管理决策提供建议。根据模型结果,建议总允许可捕量为11×104 t或更低,以使资源达到可持续开发水平。 相似文献
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剩余产量模型在不同渔业中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
剩余产量模型因其简单和所需数据较少的特点为渔业资源评估广泛采用.本文应用目前常用的四种剩余产量模型对五种渔业下的渔业生物种群及北大西洋箭鱼种群xiphias gladius评估效果作了比较.四种剩余产量模型在渔业1中的评估效果较好,而在渔业2中的效果较差;Schnute模型在充分捕捞的渔业,如渔业3、4、5,尤其是在低生物量的渔业3中评估效果较好,但不适合评估未充分捕捞的渔业.Walters-Hilborn模型(W-H模型)适用于各种渔业,尤其是渔业1、4、5.在过度捕捞渔业中如渔业3、4,模型对参数q的估计较其它参数接近真值.在北大西洋箭鱼(xiphias gladius)渔业的评估中,W-H模型对MSY的估计约为14000吨,接近于Prager(1996)的结果. 相似文献
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为应对渔业资源的日益衰退,增殖放流成为了目前补充资源、维持资源可持续利用的主要手段之一。增殖放流实施后,渔业资源的可持续特征是学者们普遍关心,却又无法使用传统剩余产量模型有效解决的问题。本研究基于传统的Schaefer剩余产量模型,提出了一个适用于增殖放流情况下的剩余产量模型(增殖剩余产量模型),模拟分析了不同增殖放流和捕捞策略对模型的影响。该模型的形式与Schaefer剩余产量模型相似,但加入了描述增殖群体增长特征的参数—有效增殖率,以此来表示增殖放流的群体对产量产生的影响。结果显示,合理的增殖放流可以起到增加最大可持续产量的效果,使用增殖剩余产量模型能够得到合理的最大可持续产量等关键指标的估算结果。与无增殖放流情况相比,在增殖放流影响下,海域原存资源(海域原本存在的群体)达到最大可持续产量时所需的生物量较小,而可承受的捕捞努力量则有所增加。增殖剩余产量模型所反映的原存群体和增殖群体之间会产生抑制作用。在该作用影响下,不同增殖放流和捕捞策略会对模型的评估结果产生影响。与传统模型相比,该模型将增殖放流纳入最大可持续产量的评估过程,提高了增殖放流影响下最大可持续产量评估的准确性,可用于诸如海洋牧场等边界较清晰的海域内增殖定栖性种类最大可持续产量的估算。 相似文献
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Nephrops norvegicus is an essentially sedentary species of lobster that forms the basis of valuable fisheries in the northwest Atlantic and western Mediterranean. Fishers exploiting a sedentary stock are likely to visit the most profitable (highest catch rate) areas first. Such spatial targeting of fishing effort is likely to have important consequences for stock monitoring and assessment. We used underwater television surveys of Nephrops burrow densities on the Farn Deeps grounds, northeast England, to describe changes in abundance and distribution between the beginning and end of a winter fishing season. Above a threshold of c. 0.6 burrows m–2, overwinter depletion increased with burrow density, consistent with fishing effort being targeted at the highest densities. A simple simulation model showed that this pattern of mortality is an expected consequence of spatially targeted fishing behaviour. The model also predicted that there is decreased spatial variability in density after fishing. An overall decrease in variability was not evident from the survey data, but geostatistical analysis indicated that there was “flattening” of the density profile along a north‐south axis, consistent with the dominant direction of commercial trawling. We concluded that Nephrops fishers are able to find and exploit the highest densities of their target species. A potential consequence is that catch per unit effort (CPUE) data used to monitor trends in this stock potentially could mask declines in stock abundance. CPUE might be more effective if analysed at finer spatial scales, but this is not currently possible. In the absence of these fine scale commercial data, fishery‐independent surveys (e.g., underwater television) are an important source of information on trends in stock abundance. 相似文献
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The feeding and spawning habitats of the overfished Atlantic bluefin tuna (BFT) are mapped in the Mediterranean Sea and used in the present proposal for selecting restricted fishing grounds. The feeding habitat is mainly traced by oceanic fronts of satellite-derived temperature and chlorophyll while the spawning habitat is mostly characterized by an important heating of surface waters. The proposal recommends opening the fishery in feeding areas in case the BFT stock is low (current situation). Only spawning areas at its latest stage could be opened once the stock has recovered to its optimum yield. Due to the possible concentration of fishing vessels if fishing areas are restricted (e.g. four-fold increase with a 1/16th restriction of the Mediterranean Sea) the inspection activities could be better targeted. Identified spawning grounds, opened or closed to fishing, could also be particularly monitored by control operations. Within the authorized areas, the habitat maps would guide fishermen to the favourable habitat reducing their costs. The habitat guided management could be able to adapt the spatial and temporal distribution of the effort to the requirements of both the fisheries’ control and the resource. Its implementation is likely to protect the stock (a) by apparently decreasing illegal fishing which accounts in the recent years for more than 1/3rd of total catches, (b) by protecting the spawners to ensure a suitable recruitment and (c) by distributing the effort to respect the population structure. The first species studied is the emblematic bluefin tuna which is at high risk of collapse due to overfishing. The approach is a priori transposable to other epipelagic species of commercial importance. 相似文献
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F Salmerón JC Báez D Macías L Fernandez-Peralta A Ramos 《African Journal of Marine Science》2015,37(3):405-409
Fish stocks associated with seamounts may be particularly susceptible to overexploitation. From January to July 2001, the Spanish Oceanographic Institute (IEO) conducted an experimental fishing survey entitled ‘Palguinea-2001’ on the seamounts of the Sierra Leone Rise. Beryx splendens (commonly called alfonsino) is the main commercial demersal fish associated with this area. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a demersal longline fishery targeting B. splendens on the previously unexploited small Machucambo Seamount over a short time-scale, and also to consider trends in pooled catch rate at another four seamounts. During 110 fishing days at Machucambo, a total catch of 207 tonnes of B. splendens was taken with a fishing effort of 1 309 070 hooks. A spectral analysis and red-noise spectra procedure (REDFIT) algorithm was used to identify the red-noise spectrum from the gaps in the observed time-series of catch per unit effort by weight. Our results show the potential impact of longline fishing pressure on an unexploited ecosystem – after approximately 50 fishing days, the stock appeared to decline substantially, as reflected by a marked drop in catch per unit effort. The apparent rapid decline of the stock might be related to the small size and the virgin state of the Sierra Leone seamounts. The results could be extrapolated to similar small seamounts elsewhere. 相似文献
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不同环境因子权重对东海鲐鱼栖息地模型的影响研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
鲐鱼（Scomber japonicus）是栖息在西太平洋沿岸的中上层鱼类,了解其栖息地分布及其与海洋环境因子的关系有助于合理开发和管理该资源。本文根据2003-2011年7-9月中国东海鲐鱼的生产数据,采用正态分布函数分别构建海表面温度（sea surface temperature,SST）、海表温梯度（gradient of sea surface temperature,GSST）和海表面高度（sea surface height,SSH）与作业次数的适应性指数（suitability index,SI）,基于不同权重的算术平均法（arithmetic weighted model,AWM）分别建立栖息地指数（habitat suitability index,HSI）模型,并用2012年7-9月生产数据进行验证。结果显示,7、8、9月各月最佳HSI模型的SST、STG和SSH的权重分别为0.5、0.25、0.25,0.8、0.1、0.1和0、1.0、0,利用2012年7-9月生产数据与环境数据对各月份最佳权重HSI模型进行验证,在HSI>0.6的海域,7、8、9月各月作业次数比重和产量比重分别为85.87%和92.55%,76.74%和86.69%,51.83%和56.11%。研究表明,不同月份的环境因子对鲐鱼渔场分布的影响程度不同,本研究为更好地预测鲐鱼栖息地奠定了基础。 相似文献
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This paper analyses the perceptions of Spanish fishermen working in Atlantic fishing grounds on current fishery regulation measures and the possibility of introducing transferable rights as is established in the EC's latest proposal to reform the Common Fisheries Policy. A survey was conducted through face-to-face interviews and ordered logistic and multiple regression models to identify which characteristics influence fishermen's perceptions and attitudes. The results show that the fleet segments most in favour of implementing ITQs correspond to industrial fishing, while the smaller-scale fisheries (artisanal, gillnets, longline and coastal trawl) are more in favour of a system involving individual effort (fishing days or kW days), transferable or otherwise. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
The Shark Bay trawl fishery is Western Australia's most valuable prawn fishery (worth AUD$25 million in 2014). The 18-vessel fleet targets western king prawns (Penaeus latisulcatus), brown tiger prawns (P. esculentus) and also retains saucer scallops (Ylistrum balloti) and blue swimmer crabs (Portunus armatus). Increased fuel prices, falling prawn prices and lower catches of other species, following extreme environmental events, have impacted fishery profits. A biomass dynamics model with an economic component indicated that total revenue levels start to decline when annual effort increases beyond ~ 200 fishing days per boat. Annual effort required to achieve MEY, when based solely on prawn fishing, is 115–150 days per boat after accounting for fixed and variable fishing costs and annual fishing efficiency increases of 1–2%. From 2007–2014, the adjusted effort was 188–192 days per boat. Fishing occurred between March and November during 7–8 fishing periods, separated by 5–8 day (low catchability) moon closure periods. An empirical daily profit assessment (2007–2015), accounting for recruitment variation, daily prawn size compositions, monthly market prices for different prawn species and sizes, and daily fishing costs, showed vessels made profits on ~ 115–160 days and losses on ~ 15–55 days per year, when fishing occurred near the full moon. The fishery benefitted in 2013–2015 by starting later in the year and better targeting within-season effort. This management strategy within the effort-control framework, which improved profitability, maintained higher spawning stocks and reduced ecosystem fishing impacts, has wider application in prawn fishery management. 相似文献