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上海区域要素客观预报方法效果检验 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
数值模式的客观释用是数值模式在业务工作中发挥效能的重要环节。在对上海区域数值模式近5年的模式直接输出(DMO)进行检验的基础上,分别采用卡尔曼滤波释用(KLM)和最优化集成释用(OCF)的方法进行要素客观释用,总结出区域数值模式的预报性能,客观释用也取得令人鼓舞的结果:(1)近几年,上海区域数值模式的直接输出结果(DMO)对温度、湿度以及风向的预报改善不明显,甚至还有变差现象,风速的预报自2005年起有改善,但主要体现在预报的稳定性方面。(2)KLM方法较DMO在温度、相对湿度和风速的预报上均有明显提高,但是风向的预报无明显提高,预报准确率甚至略有下降。(3)OCF方法的预报性能较KLM方法略有提高。温度、相对湿度以及风向的预报准确率提高约2%,风速预报与KLM方法相当。在春季和冬季,OCF的预报水平已经与主观综合预报相当,如果主观综合预报能充分参考OCF的预报结果,主观综合预报"春季和冬季预报误差相对偏大"这一弱点能得到改善。检验结果能为数值模式的开发和调试者提供有益的参考,而最优化集成方法的成功业务尝试也佐证了集成预报在数值模式客观释用中的美好前景。 相似文献
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采用面雨量模糊评分方法，对三峡库区流域面雨量预报中3种客观预报(相似预报、T213降水预报、MM5模式预报)和面雨量综合集成预报结果进行综合评定。检验结果表明，3种预报模式对流域面雨量预报水平相差不大，冬半年的预报评分高于夏半年。在业务中采用动态权重系数法对3种预报方法预报结果进行集成，其集成预报的评定质量高于每种单独预报质量。在流域面雨量预报质量检验中采用了模糊评分法，该方法能够较为客观地反映预报和实况之间的差距，也可以用于降水定量预报评定中。 相似文献
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为评价用于公众气象服务的精细化多模式客观集成预报服务产品(refined multi-model objective consensus forecasting service products,以下简称OCF)多模式集成气温预报效果,分析其误差成因,以中国区域OCF日最高气温和日最低气温预报检验为切入点,对服务影响较大的大误差日及其典型特例——降温日开展检验分析,并与参与OCF集成的ECMWF和NCEP气温预报进行对比。结果表明:OCF日最高气温和日最低气温总体上预报性能优于参与集成的模式预报,准确率夏季高冬季低,拉开了气温变化范围,也有效减小了误差。OCF的大误差日较少,但2~3 d时效及冬半年的大误差日较ECMWF多,与集成的模式预报性能、降温天气相关。针对降温日的检验分析发现:OCF、ECMWF和NCEP在降温日的预报性能有所下降,OCF日最高气温预报误差增长尤其快;OCF对降温日的日最低气温、非降温区域的日最高气温进行了有效订正,但在降温日的降温区域里,其日最高气温预报有明显的正误差特征。基于以上分析,提出了OCF气温集成订正技术改进方向,说明针对性的检验更利于发现客观模式预报及集成订正的问题。 相似文献
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本文依托气象行业专项GYHY200906011“华北、东北暴雨发生发展特点及预报技术研究”项目及相关课题研制的“多模式变权集成预报业务系统”和“吉林省暴雨物理量诊断客观集成预报业务系统”,对2010年-2012年6—8月、2013年6—7月的区域暴雨过程预报进行了检验分析,结果表明：两系统对暴雨预报均有较好的指示意义,其中“多模式变权集成预报业务系统”空报率较低,“吉林省暴雨物理量诊断及客观集成预报业务系统”漏报率较低。从暴雨的影响系统来看,两种客观的暴雨预报方法对台风暴雨预报效果最好,副高后部暴雨次之,冷涡暴雨预报误差与前两系统相比稍差些。 相似文献
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《广东气象》2020,(4)
结合2019年全球和区域业务模式最新调整,对广东省气象台研发的温度多模式集成释用产品在网格预报业务中的表现,从整体预报性能、误差空间分布和分类适用性等方面进行了系统评估,结果表明:(1)同参与集成的模式相比,多模式集成释用气温预报的误差最小、准确率(误差2℃以内)最高,且无明显季节性波动,是具有较高业务参考价值的客观产品;(2)因加入了真实地形订正方案,多模式集成释用对模式地形偏差造成的山区温度误差偏大现象改善明显;(3)多模式集成在持续性高温、缓慢回温、无明显降水配合的弱冷空气以及持续性无降水过程中表现较优,在中等强度以上冷空气造成的持续性降温过程易表现不稳定,在预报中需留意形势场预报中低层温度梯度是否有明显疏散。 相似文献
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张峻 《高原山地气象研究》2005,25(1)
综合集成是提高预报产品应用效能的一种有效的方法,将集对分析中的联系度概念用于西昌发射场大-暴雨过程预报综合集成,首先对大-暴雨天气过程进行分型,确定国家气象中心T213模式预报、西昌发射场降水模式的客观预报、预报员经验预报与西昌发射场大-暴雨过程的联系度,用权重法将大-暴雨预报进行集成,从而给出集不同预报于一体的西昌发射场大-暴雨过程预报集成方法. 相似文献
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集对分析在云南强降水预报集成方法中的应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
将集对分析中的联系度概念用于云南省强降水过程预报集成 ,首先对强降水天气过程进行分型 ,确定MM5模式预报、省台客观指导预报、预报员经验预报与云南强降水过程的联系度 ,用权重法将强降水预报进行集成 ,从而给出集不同预报于一体的云南全省性强降水过程预报集成方法 相似文献
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采用均一化订正的北京南郊地面日平均气温资料,分析了北京地区1951—2008年气温变化趋势。结果表明,年平均最高和最低气温的升高呈明显的不对称性,其中年平均最低气温升高较为明显,升温趋势为0.46℃/10a。根据1951—2008年日平均气温计算北京春、夏、秋、冬四季的季节长度和起始日期,发现北京地区冬季最长,秋季最短;夏季在逐渐延长,冬季在逐渐缩短,夏、冬两季长度变化的线性速率分别为4.4d/10a和-4.7d/10a。春、夏两季逐渐提前,趋势分别为3.0d/10a和2.5d/10a;而秋、冬两季在逐渐推迟,趋势分别为2.0d/10a和1.7d/10a。将季节起始日期与年平均气温进行相关性分析发现,春、夏两季的起始时间与年平均气温存在显著负相关,而秋、冬两季起始时间与年平均气温存在显著正相关。 相似文献
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Zhaoyang CHAI He ZHANG Mulan ZHANG Xiao TANG Weipeng ZHENG Jiang ZHU Guangqing ZHOU Junji CAO Qingcun ZENG 《大气科学进展》2021,38(10):1611-1620
This article introduces "EarthLab ", a major new Earth system numerical simulation facility developed in China.EarthLab is a numerical simulation system for a physical climate system, an environmental system, an ecological system, a solid earth system, and a space weather system as a whole with a high-performance scientific computing platform.EarthLab consists of five key elements—namely: a global earth numerical simulation system, a regional high-precision simulation system, a supercomputing support and management system, a database, data assimilation and visualization system, and a high-performance computing system for earth sciences. EarthLab helps to study the atmosphere, hydrosphere,cryosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere, as well as their interactions, to improve the accuracy of predictions by integrating simulations and observations, and to provide a scientific foundation for major issues such as national disaster prevention and mitigation. The construction and operation of EarthLab will involve close cooperation with joint contributions and shared benefits. 相似文献
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The horizontal and vertical wind velocity fluctuations were measured using two sonic anemometers at a height of 135 cm above
a snow surface under a transverse snow wave-forming condition. A snow-wave was formed when the wind at a height of 1 m blew
at a speed of more than 7 m s−1 after an approximate accumulation of from 10 to 20 cm of new snow on a snowfield. For example, when a snow-wave had a wavelength
of 10 m and a wave height of 15 to 20 cm, the measured horizontal and vertical velocity components showed that they had a
frequency peak of 0.7 Hz in coherence and co-spectrum corresponding to this wavelength. The results suggest that wind turbulence
and snow-wave formation interact with each other. 相似文献
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The horizontal and vertical wind velocity fluctuations were measured using two sonic anemometers at a height of 135 cm above a snow surface under a transverse snow wave-forming condition. A snow-wave was formed when the wind at a height of 1 m blew at a speed of more than 7 m s–1 after an approximate accumulation of from 10 to 20 cm of new snow on a snowfield. For example, when a snow-wave had a wavelength of 10 m and a wave height of 15 to 20 cm, the measured horizontal and vertical velocity components showed that they had a frequency peak of 0.7 Hz in coherence and co-spectrum corresponding to this wavelength. The results suggest that wind turbulence and snow-wave formation interact with each other. 相似文献
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建立清代1644—1911年广东的旱涝指数序列,采用滑动t检验、完备总体经验模态函数分析了清代广东旱涝的突变特征和多时间尺度周期性特征。结果表明,清代广东旱涝指数整体较平稳,呈现先明显增加后减少、后略微增加的趋势。旱涝指数序列具有多个跃变点,且有年际尺度4.2 a和7.8 a,年代际尺度11.6 a、15.2 a、36.5 a和70.1 a,世纪尺度130.3 a左右的周期。发现广东旱涝有多个周期与太阳黑子相对数序列及东亚季风指数序列周期接近,故用交叉小波分析发现广东旱涝指数序列与太阳黑子相对数序列在0~6 a、7~8 a和11~16 a等多个时间尺度具有强凝聚性共振周期,与东亚夏季风指数序列在4~8 a和25~45 a等多个时间尺度具有强凝聚性共振周期。 相似文献
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Knowledge on climate change impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability is fragmented, because it is found in disparate case studies which use inconsistent terminology and focus on distinct aspects relevant to adaptation. While large-scale syntheses such as the Assessment Reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change provide a high level overview and are useful for international decision-making, there is a need for systematic and flexible access to this research-based knowledge in order to aid future adaptation research and decision-making. Against this background, we present a ‘conceptual’ meta-analysis, a novel approach to meta-analyse studies on climate change impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability in Europe. The meta-analysis results in a classification scheme for relating the diverse studies. This scheme consists of (i) a classification of studies according to the type of adaptation-relevant results they produce and (ii) a hierarchical classification of the regional and thematic context of studies. The implementation of this scheme, for example in the form of a database, overcomes some of the identified gaps of current adaptation knowledge representation. We furthermore present a quantitative analysis of the classified studies that exemplifies how the developed classification scheme can be applied to get a systematic and quantitative overview of the knowledge they contain. Thus, the conceptual meta-analysis and the classification scheme represent a first step towards a systematisation of knowledge on climate change impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability and may be seen as a useful complement to qualitative literature reviews. 相似文献
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A key question for climate mitigation and adaptation decisions is how quickly significant changes in temperature extremes will emerge as greenhouse gas concentrations increase, and whether that emergence will be uniform between hot and cold extremes and across different geographic areas. We use a high-resolution, multi-member ensemble climate model experiment over the United States (U.S.) to investigate the transient response of the annual frequency, duration and magnitude of 8 daily-scale extreme temperature indices during the twenty-first century of the A1B emissions scenario. We evaluate the time of emergence of a permanent exceedance (PE) above the colder part of the historical (1980–2009) extremes distribution, and the time of emergence of a new norm (NN) centered on the historical maxima (for hot extremes) or minima (for cold extremes). We find that during the twenty-first century, hot extremes permanently exceed the historical distribution’s colder half over large areas of the U.S., and that the hot extremes distribution also becomes centered on or above the historical distribution’s maxima. The changes are particularly robust for the exceedance of the annual 95th percentile of daily maximum temperature over the West and the Northeast (with the earliest emergence of a PE by 2030 and of a NN by 2040), for warm days over the Southwest (with the earliest emergence of a PE by 2020 and of a NN by 2030), and tropical nights over the eastern U.S. (with the earliest emergence of a PE by 2020 and of a NN by 2030). Conversely, no widespread emergence of a PE or a NN is found for most cold extremes. Exceptions include frost day frequency (with a widespread emergence of a PE below the historical median frequency by 2030 and of a NN by 2040 over the western U.S.), and cold night frequency (with an emergence of a PE below the historical median frequency by 2040 and of a NN by 2060 in virtually the entire U.S.). Our analysis implies a transition over the next half century to a climate of recently unprecedented heat stress in many parts of the U.S., along with cold extremes that, although less frequent, remain at times as long and as severe as are found in the current climate. 相似文献
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F. W. Dobson 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1971,1(4):399-410
The signals from a wave probe, a buoy-mounted sensor at the water surface, and a three-component sonic anemometer were recorded during the passage of a discrete group of waves which were travelling against a light wind. Cross spectra between the wave signals and the pressure and sonic anemometer signals were obtained and are interpreted.Bedford Institute contribution No. 226.This work forms part of a Ph.D. dissertation at the Institute of Oceanography, University of British Columbia. 相似文献