共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
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为探究深度学习的雷达降雨临近预报在流域洪水预报中的适用性,采用U-Net、嵌入注意力门的Attention-Unet和添加转换器的多级注意力TransAtt-Unet开展雷达降雨临近预报,将预报降雨作为HEC-HMS水文模型的输入,对柳林实验流域进行洪水预报。结果表明：1 h预见期时,Attention-Unet对短时强降雨预报结果较好,TransAtt-Unet预报降雨模拟的洪峰流量和径流量相对误差小于20%,各深度学习模型对量级较大的降雨和洪水预报精度较高;2 h预见期的预报降雨强度、降雨总量、洪峰流量和径流量存在显著低估,U-Net能取得相对较好的降雨预报结果。基于深度学习的1 h预见期雷达降雨临近预报及洪水预报可为流域防洪减灾提供科学依据。 相似文献
2.
以延长洪水预见期、提高预报精度为目标,研究气象水文耦合机制,利用数值天气预报模式WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)驱动分布式VIC(Variable Infiltration Capacity)水文模型,构建三峡库区陆气耦合洪水预报系统,并对2007~2008年期间四场暴雨洪水进行日滚动预报试验。结果表明,WRF模式在三峡库区内有着良好的短期降水预报精度,基于数值天气预报模式和分布式水文模型的陆气耦合洪水预报系统能有效延长三峡入库洪水预见期、提高洪水预报精度,具有较大的应用潜力。 相似文献
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中小河流洪水预报研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中小河流洪水预报是当前国际水文科学中亟待研究的重大科学问题之一。由于中小河流存在分布广、降水及下垫面空间异致性强、产汇流时间短、突发性强、水文资料欠缺等特点,因此预报精度较低,预见期短,预报难度大。目前国内外学者对中小河流洪水预报开展了一定的研究,主要集中在中小河流洪水形成机理、洪水预报模型、缺资料中小河流水文模型参数确定方法、洪水预报耦合降水预报等方面。对中小河流洪水预报相关研究进展和存在的问题进行了总结,并指出未来在多源信息高效融合、精细化洪水模拟、高精度降水预报等方面还应进行更深入的研究。 相似文献
4.
黄河源区水文预报对龙羊峡、刘家峡等黄河上游梯级水库群的洪水资源化调度乃至整个黄河流域的水旱灾害防御都起着举足轻重的作用。然而,由于降水的地面观测严重匮乏、且缺少适用于高寒山区的专用水文模型,源区水文预报成为长期困扰黄河洪水/径流业务预报的难题。在回顾国内外相关研究的基础上,从高海拔缺资料地区的降水观测与降水预报、寒区水文模型构建与气象水文耦合系统集成、高原降水发生的气象成因与形成机制3个方面,评价了黄河源区水文预报的当前现状与技术水平,提出了黄河源区水文预报面临的关键科学问题;指出新一代多源降水信息融合与同化、高寒区特殊产汇流模型构建、无缝隙气象水文集合预报、强降水与连阴雨的多影响天气系统解析等,是当前黄河源区水文预报的研究重点与发展方向。 相似文献
5.
基于数值大气模式WRF、三维变分数据同化WRF-3DVar、河北雨洪模型以及实时校正模型ARMA,在北方半湿润半干旱地区的大清河流域构建了陆气耦合洪水预报系统,并利用2012、2013年发生的3场降雨洪水,对系统的降雨洪水预报结果进行分析。结果表明:雷达反射率与GTS数据的同时同化,可有效改善数值大气模式对中小尺度流域的降雨预报效果,从而降低系统的洪水预报误差,ARMA模型的应用,能够进一步提升系统的洪水预报精度,随着预见期的延长,系统的预报精度下降,但系统在6h预见期内仍表现出较好的应用效果。因此,在数据同化和实时校正的"双校正"模式下,陆气耦合洪水预报系统在延长洪水预报预见期的同时,具有较高的洪水预报精度,具有一定的应用前景。 相似文献
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7.
随着全国中小河流水文监测工程项目的实施以及国家、广西水情预警发布管理办法的出台,在洪涝频繁、中小河流站点点多面广的新形势下,如何实现广西河流预报任务由传统的预报增加至预警、预报双重要求成为近年来工作中迫切要解决的问题。基于水量平衡原理及洪水水位涨率变化规律分析研究,根据“预测-预警-预报”河流预报模式,研究开发了适应此模式的河流预报方法和技术。2015年以来,此模式及方法技术广泛应用于广西河流预报中,实现大江大河、中小河流洪水科学预测预警预报,水文预报合格率均超过90%。同时有效延长洪水预见期,大江大河洪水预见期平均提前24h,中小河流洪水预见期平均提前5h。 相似文献
8.
为了考虑预见期内降水预报的不确定性对洪水预报的影响,采用中国气象局、美国环境预测中心和欧洲中期天气预报中心的TIGGE(THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble)降水预报数据驱动GR4J水文模型,开展三峡入库洪水集合概率预报,分析比较BMA、Copula-BMA、EMOS、M-BMA 4种统计后处理方法的有效性。结果表明:4种统计后处理方法均能提供一个合理可靠的预报置信区间;其期望值预报精度相较于确定性预报有所提高,尤其是水量误差显著减小;M-BMA方法概率预报效果最佳,它能够考虑预报分布的异方差性,不需要进行正态变换,结构简单,应用灵活。 相似文献
9.
全球气象模型及新兴人工智能模型为流域水文预报提供了日、次季节、季节等不同时间尺度的海量气象预报数据。与此同时,基于气象预报开展水文预报,涉及到数据获取、模型构建、评估检验等技术问题。本文以全球气象预报相关的研究计划为切入点,调研现有的1 d至2周小时尺度中短期天气预报、1～60 d次季节尺度气象预报、1～12个月季节尺度气象预报以及新兴的人工智能气象预报;梳理气象预报驱动下流域水文预报模型方法,阐述气象预报订正、水文模型设置和预报评估检验等技术环节。基于全球气象预报生成实时和回顾性流域水文预报,定量检验不同预见期下预报精度以评估相关模型方法的预报性能,为水利工程预报-调度实践应用打下坚实的基础。 相似文献
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强对流天气系统发展剧烈,常造成严重的暴雨、雷电、大风和冰雹等灾害。对强对流天气的准确预报一直是国际气象领域研究的难点和瓶颈问题,也是大城市防灾减灾关注的重点。强对流预报技术的发展已经从单纯依赖于雷达的图像识别,发展到雷达、卫星、高分辨率数值模式以及人工智能大数据预测融合应用的新阶段。在回顾国际强对流预报技术进展的基础上,介绍了上海气象业务部门近年来攻关研发的雷达自适应组网观测、雷达外推短临预测和数值预报误差机器学习订正等关键新技术及集成建立的上海强对流智能监测预报系统。这些技术成果的业务应用,在城市防灾减灾和精细化治理中已发挥了重要作用,可供相关研究人员参考。 相似文献
11.
Progress in Researches on Ensemble Forecasting of Extreme Weather Based on Numerical Models 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Under the background of climate change, extreme weather events (e.g., heavy rainfall, heat wave, and cold damage) in China have been occurring more frequently with an increasing trend of induced meteorological disasters. Therefore, it is of great importance to carry out research on forecasting of extreme weather. This paper systematically reviewed the primary methodology of extreme weather forecast, current status in development of ensemble weather forecasting based on numerical models and their applications to forecast of extreme weather, as well as progress in approaches for correcting ensemble probabilistic forecast. Nowadays, the forecasting of extreme weather has been generally dominated by methodology using dynamical models. That is to say, the dynamical forecasting methods based on ensemble probabilistic forecast information have become prevailing in current operational extreme weather forecast worldwide. It can be clearly found that the current major directions of research and development in this field are the application of ensemble forecasts based on numerical models to forecasting of extreme weather, and its improvement through bias correction of ensemble probabilistic forecast. Based on a relatively comprehensive review in this paper, some suggestions with respect to development of extreme weather forecast in future were further given in terms of the issues of how to propose effective approaches on improving level of identification and forecasting of extreme events. 相似文献
12.
Weather radars in investigating physical characteristics of precipitation are becoming essential instruments in the field of short term meteorological investigation and forecasting. To analyze the radar signal impact in hydrological forecasting, precipitation input fields, generated through a statistical mathematical model, are supplied to a distributed hydrological model. Such a model would allow the control of the basin response to precipitation measurements obtained by a meteorological radar and, in the meanwhile, to evaluate the influence of distributed input. The distributed model describes the basin hydrological behavior, subdividing it into distinct geometrical cells and increasing the physical significance by reproducing the distributed hydrographic basins characteristics, such as infiltration capacity, runoff concentration time, network propagation speed, soil moisture influence. Each basin cell is characterized by its geological, pedological and morphological status, and may be considered a unitary hydrological system, linked to the others by geomorphological and hydraulic relationships. To evaluate the dynamics of the flood event a synthetic representation of the channel network is introduced, where each stream branch is modeled as a linear reservoir. Finally, the discharge in the outlet section is derived, taking into account the hydraulic characteristics of the upstream branches. 相似文献
13.
Flood forecasts based on multi-model ensemble precipitation forecasting using a coupled atmospheric-hydrological modeling system 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The recent improvement of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models has a strong potential for extending the lead time of precipitation and subsequent flooding. However, uncertainties inherent in precipitation outputs from NWP models are propagated into hydrological forecasts and can also be magnified by the scaling process, contributing considerable uncertainties to flood forecasts. In order to address uncertainties in flood forecasting based on single-model precipitation forecasting, a coupled atmospheric-hydrological modeling system based on multi-model ensemble precipitation forecasting is implemented in a configuration for two episodes of intense precipitation affecting the Wangjiaba sub-region in Huaihe River Basin, China. The present study aimed at comparing high-resolution limited-area meteorological model Canadian regional mesoscale compressible community model (MC2) with the multiple linear regression integrated forecast (MLRF), covering short and medium range. The former is a single-model approach; while the latter one is based on NWP models [(MC2, global environmental multiscale model (GEM), T213L31 global spectral model (T213)] integrating by a multiple linear regression method. Both MC2 and MLRF are coupled with Chinese National Flood Forecasting System (NFFS), MC2-NFFS and MLRF-NFFS, to simulate the discharge of the Wangjiaba sub-basin. The evaluation of the flood forecasts is performed both from a meteorological perspective and in terms of discharge prediction. The encouraging results obtained in this study demonstrate that the coupled system based on multi-model ensemble precipitation forecasting has a promising potential of increasing discharge accuracy and modeling stability in terms of precipitation amount and timing, along with reducing uncertainties in flood forecasts and models. Moreover, the precipitation distribution of MC2 is more problematic in finer temporal and spatial scales, even for the high resolution simulation, which requests further research on storm-scale data assimilation, sub-grid-scale parameterization of clouds and other small-scale atmospheric dynamics. 相似文献
14.
R K Giri Jagabandhu Panda Sudhansu S Rath Ravindra Kumar 《Journal of Earth System Science》2016,125(4):709-723
In order to issue an accurate warning for flood, a better or appropriate quantitative forecasting of precipitation is required. In view of this, the present study intends to validate the quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) issued during southwest monsoon season for six river catchments (basin) under the flood meteorological office, Patna region. The forecast is analysed statistically by computing various skill scores of six different precipitation ranges during the years 2011–2014. The analysis of QPF validation indicates that the multi-model ensemble (MME) based forecasting is more reliable in the precipitation ranges of 1–10 and 11–25 mm. However, the reliability decreases for higher ranges of rainfall and also for the lowest range, i.e., below 1 mm. In order to testify synoptic analogue method based MME forecasting for QPF during an extreme weather event, a case study of tropical cyclone Phailin is performed. It is realized that in case of extreme events like cyclonic storms, the MME forecasting is qualitatively useful for issue of warning for the occurrence of floods, though it may not be reliable for the QPF. However, QPF may be improved using satellite and radar products. 相似文献
15.
《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2005,337(1-2):203-217
Advances in flood forecasting have been constrained by the difficulty of estimating rainfall continuously over space, for catchment-, national- and continental-scale areas. This has had a concomitant impact on the choice of appropriate model formulations for given flood-forecasting applications. Whilst weather radar used in combination with raingauges – and extended to utilise satellite remote-sensing and numerical weather prediction models – have offered the prospect of progress, there have been significant problems to be overcome. These problems have curtailed the development and adoption of more complete distributed model formulations that aim to increase forecast accuracy. Advanced systems for weather radar display and processing, and for flood forecast construction, are now available to ease the task of implementation. Applications requiring complex networks of models to make forecasts at many locations can be undertaken without new code development and be readily revised to take account of changing requirements. These systems make use of forecast-updating procedures that assimilate data from telemetry networks to improve flood forecast performance, at the same time coping with the possibility of data loss. Flood forecasting systems that integrate rainfall monitoring and forecasting with flood forecasting and warning are now operational in many areas. Present practice in flood modelling and forecast updating is outlined from a UK perspective. Challenges for improvement are identified, particularly against a background of greater access to spatial datasets on terrain, soils, geology, land-cover, and weather variables. Representing the effective runoff production and translation processes operating at a given grid or catchment scale may prove key to improved flood simulation, and robust application to ungauged basins through physics-based linkages with these spatial datasets. The need to embrace uncertainty in flood-warning decision-making is seen as a major challenge for the future. To cite this article: R.J. Moore et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005). 相似文献
16.
我国水文情报预报工作的主要成就及展望 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
新中国成立５０年来,水文情报预报工作取得了成就,在水情信息采集和传输方面,全国已有水文报汛站８０００余处,在２５处重点防洪河段和１５０座大型水库上建立了水文自动测报系统,共计有遥测站近２０００个,已有２２个省（市,区）和７个流域管理机构的水情部门通过计算机广域网互传水情信息。在水文预报技术方面,开发研制了适合中国特色的许多水文模型。随着计算机的广泛应用,水利信息中心初步建立了水雨情信息服务系统,包 相似文献
17.
耦合SWAT与RIEMS模拟黑河干流山区径流 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
以黑河干流山区为研究区,采用1：100 000植被类型图、1：1 000 000土壤类型图和气象水文观测数据,耦合SWAT水文模型与RIEMS高分辨率区域气候模式,模拟1995-2010年月径流变化过程,探讨水文模型气象驱动数据的优化方法和气候水文模型耦合的区域适宜性。RIEMS气候模式输出精度较高,降水、温度、湿度、风速的相关系数均在0.80以上,均通过了0.01显著性水平检验,时空分辨率达到6 h和3 km。构建虚拟气象站点,弥补气象观测站点稀少且分布不均匀的不足,对水文模型气象驱动数据进行优化;遵循多时间尺度、多变量和多站点的原则来校准模型。结果表明,径流模拟值与观测值的过程趋势拟合程度较好,NSE均在0.60以上,PBIAS介于±20%之间,R2达到0.70以上。径流模拟在枯水期表现较好,在丰水期存在一定的误差,主要是受降水驱动数据偏高的影响,气候模式模拟能力需要提高,水文模型空间插值方法和气候水文模型耦合方案需进一步完善。总体来看,耦合SWAT模型与RIEMS模式能够较好地模拟黑河干流山区水文过程,可为流域水资源的预测和管理提供科学依据。 相似文献
18.
Convection often produces severe weather which causes a great loss to human lives and properties. Precisely predicting the convection initiation process is crucial but challenging in operational convection nowcasting (0~2 h forecasting). Before the radar-defined CI occurring (e.g., the first occurrence of ≥35 dBZ echoes), observations at high spatial and temporal resolutions from weather radars and geostationary meteorological satellites can reveal precursor information such as the boundary-layer convergence lines and the rapid growth of newborn cumulus clouds. These radar- and satellite-observed precursor information are helpful for evaluating the pre-CI conditions and thus nowcasting the accurate CI timing and location. This paper reviewed the current status of radar- and satellite-based CI research and nowcasting techniques. The milestone works and the following studies in the last four decades were summarized to demonstrate how radar and satellite observations can be related to CI occurrence. The objectives and approaches of the CI research advance as the improvement in the capability of radars and were explained satellites. The research progress aids in the development of various CI nowcasting techniques. This paper introduced three well-established techniques that have been put into operational application, namely, ANC system, SATCAST algorithm, and UWCI algorithm. Some scientific issues with respect to radar- and satellite-based CI research and nowcasting were also presented. 相似文献
19.
不同时间尺度的中长期水文预报研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究中长期水文预报时间尺度对预报精度的影响,选取最近邻抽样回归模型与基于小波分析的组合模型对长江干流典型断面不同时间尺度的径流序列进行中长期径流预报。将1980~2012年的逐日径流资料经过时间聚集方法转换成三天、周、旬、半月、月、双月、季、半年、九月、年等10个不同时间尺度,对高场、寸滩、宜昌、螺山、汉口、大通6个典型断面的径流进行拟合和预报。结果表明:随着预报时间尺度增加,预报精度呈现先降低后提高的趋势,其中,在月时间尺度上预报效果最差,三天和年尺度上预报效果相对较好。 相似文献