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1.
俯冲洋壳的折返及其相关问题讨论   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
陈意  叶凯 《岩石学报》2013,29(5):1461-1478
大洋俯冲带中高压(HP)和超高压(UHP)岩石的折返机制一直以来都是俯冲工厂中最不为人知的问题之一.本文根据搜集全球折返到地表的洋壳榴辉岩基础数据(包括岩石学特征、峰期温压条件和折返P-T轨迹),初步探讨了洋壳榴辉岩的折返机制.根据峰期矿物组合、温压条件和对应的地温梯度,典型大洋俯冲带中的榴辉岩可以分为三类:含柯石英的UHP硬柱石榴辉岩(2.7~ 3.2GPa,470 ~ 610℃,5~7℃/km)、HP硬柱石榴辉岩(1.7~2.6GPa,360~ 620℃,5~8℃/km)和HP绿帘石榴辉岩(1.5 ~2.3 GPa,540 ~ 630℃,7~12℃/km).与大陆俯冲碰撞造山带中的HP-UHP榴辉岩相比,洋壳榴辉岩具有较低的峰期温压条件和较高的低密度含水矿物的含量,但是普遍缺失高密度的蓝晶石.已有的俯冲洋壳的折返模式都基于一个假设:洋壳榴辉岩密度比周围地幔大.因此,洋壳榴辉岩的折返必须借助于低密度的蛇纹岩或者变沉积岩.MORB体系的热力学模拟研究表明,俯冲洋壳的矿物组合、矿物含量和密度主要受低密度含水矿物(如硬柱石、绿泥石、蓝闪石和滑石等)的稳定性控制,并且在同等深度条件下,冷俯冲洋壳的密度低于热俯冲洋壳的密度.经历冷俯冲(~6℃/km)洋壳的密度在< 110~ 120km(P <3.3 ~ 3.6GPa)的深度仍小于周围地幔,但是经历热俯冲(~ 1O℃/km)洋壳的密度在>60km(P>1.8GPa)的深度就已经超过周围地幔.结合高温高压实验资料和地球物理观察数据,我们认为在>120km的深度,俯冲基性洋壳本身密度大于周围地幔,不存在低密度的地幔楔蛇纹岩(蛇纹石已发生分解),并且大洋板块的俯冲角度突然增大可能阻碍了更深部的低密度变沉积岩的折返.以上这三个方面的原因可能导致现今折返到地表的洋壳榴辉岩和变沉积岩的形成深度普遍小于120km.折返过程中硬柱石脱水分解会导致洋壳密度增大,退变形成的蓝晶石榴辉岩的密度大于周围地幔,无法折返,这可能是全球洋壳榴辉岩中普遍缺失蓝晶石的主要原因.  相似文献   

2.
北山造山带地处塔里木-中朝板块与哈萨克斯坦板块的交汇部分,主造山时期被认为是早古生代。榴辉岩产在北山造山带的南带,带中榴辉岩与大量基性超基性洋壳岩石和俯冲碰撞有关的花岗岩等伴生,反映该带有可能代表板块的边界。北山榴辉岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb同位素定年表明,榴辉岩相的变质年龄为(819±21)Ma,原岩年龄为(1007±20)Ma,表明北山地区存在新元古代一次重要的板块裂解和俯冲碰撞事件。与北山相邻的祁连山南部柴北缘地区近年也报道存在新元古代板块裂解和蛇绿岩洋壳形成事件,表明中国西部存在区域上的新元古代洋盆裂解事件,或称之为罗德尼亚大陆裂解事件。需强调的是,北山榴辉岩相变质事件发生在新元古代,柴北缘榴辉岩的原岩虽为新元古代洋壳岩石,但榴辉岩相变质作用则发生在早古生代,反映北山新元古代俯冲碰撞事件之后的又一次俯冲碰撞事件。  相似文献   

3.
蛇纹石脱水与大洋俯冲带中源地震(70~300km)的关系   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4  
余日东  金振民 《地学前缘》2006,13(2):191-204
蛇纹石脱水致裂作用是诱发大洋俯冲带中源地震(70~300km)的一种重要成因机制,它与中等深度双地震带的形成有很密切的关系。双地震带在冷俯冲带中是一种常见现象,它由上下相距20~40km的两个平行地震层组成。上地震层位于俯冲洋壳中,可能是洋壳蓝片岩脱水形成榴辉岩的系列脱水反应诱发了地震;下地震层位于大洋俯冲地幔中,可能是部分交代的地幔橄榄岩脱水控制着中源地震的分布。蛇纹岩在高温高压条件下的变形实验证实蛇纹石在脱水过程中引起岩石弱化和脆性破裂,这已经得到了对蛇纹石脱水过程中岩石物理性质和变形后样品的显微构造等理论研究上的支持。在蛇纹石脱水过程中,产生的流体与固体残留物分离,形成了大量的I型(张性)微裂隙,最终导致岩石破裂和形成断层。根据叶蛇纹石脱水反应相图,理论上在大洋俯冲带中蛇纹石脱水位置会出现双层结构,但只有平行于俯冲板块顶层等温线的一支才可能脱水诱发地震,并对应于双地震带的下地震层。下地震层所处的位置具有低的vp/vs值,暗示岩石圈大洋地幔顶层发生了部分交代。但它的交代机制尚不清楚,可能是海水通过洋底转换断层和/或沿着在外海沟隆起中形成的断层渗入大洋地幔顶层,并发生了洋壳和大洋地幔交代。双地震带在120~200km深度合一以后,冷俯冲带中所发生的中源地震可能与蛇纹石脱水有关,在热俯冲带中更可能与“湿”榴辉岩脱水有关。  相似文献   

4.
日本列岛下太平洋俯冲板块的精细结构   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
尽管许多学者对日本列岛下的太平洋俯冲板块做了大量的研究,但板块内部的结构(比如板块厚度,板块内地震波速度随深度的变化以及洋壳的俯冲情况等)仍然不太清楚。利用日本地区密集台网收集到的中深和深发地震到时数据来探讨上述问题。采用三维射线追踪正演模拟法,首先利用333个远震计算得到了日本地区太平洋板块的厚度为85km;然后利用3283个地震(震源深度大于40km)的130227条P波到时进一步研究板块内部的精细结构。结果显示,沿深度方向6个地层段(间隔100km)内的速度扰动值分别为5.5%,4.0%,3.5%,2.5%,2.0%和6.0%,在40~500km范围内速度扰动随深度的增加而减小,这与温度随深度的变化情况相一致。当深度大于500km时,速度扰动突然增大到6.0%,分析认为该异常可能由发生在东亚大陆边缘下方的深发地震无法精确定位导致的。最后利用40~500km深度范围内的近震测试得到日本东北和北海道地区下方洋壳俯冲的深度均为110km,平均厚度分别为7.5km和5km,相对于一维模型的速度扰动分别为1%和-3%。这说明洋壳在俯冲到110km以深时,由于受温度和压力的影响,逐渐脱水、变质,直至与板块融合。通过分析震源与洋壳的位置关系,本研究认为北海道地区比东北地区下方的俯冲洋壳可能含有更多的流体(比如水),导致两地区洋壳内的速度相差如此之大。此外,因为日本南部与洋壳对应的区域多为海洋,观测台站较少,所以本研究无法测试得到该区域内的洋壳俯冲情况。  相似文献   

5.
大别山超高压变质带的构造背景   总被引:8,自引:4,他引:8  
江来利  徐树桐 《地质论评》1995,41(3):229-237
大别山南部的超高压变质带具有特征的榴辉岩相矿物组合,榴辉岩的岩石化学及稀土元素特征及其伴生的岩石组合,表明这个带是以陆壳成分为主混有少量上地幔及洋壳成分的混杂岩,榴辉岩相围岩和大别群具有不同的变质和变形特征。超高压变质带形成于扬子和中朝板块大陆碰撞的构造环境,是扬子板块陆壳向北俯冲到一定深度的变质产物。  相似文献   

6.
 2011 年3 月11 日日本东北地区太平洋海域发生Mw 9.0 级地震。日本海沟板块俯冲速率高,地震活动性强,因此研究 程度高,到目前为止已获得了覆盖日本海沟弧前区域的地震波剖面数据。本文利用8 条岩石圈结构剖面建立了日本海沟的 三维岩石圈结构模型。日本海沟岛弧地壳由上到下包含5 层:古近系-新近系-第四系海相沉积岩、白垩系海相沉积岩、 岛弧上地壳俯冲杂岩、岛弧下地壳和地幔楔;日本海沟北部还存在中地壳;洋壳是一个双层构造,上层为熔岩和席状岩墙群, 下层为堆晶辉长岩;陆壳和洋壳之间存在一个低速的板间层。本文在三维模型基础上讨论了俯冲板块的弯曲点和弯曲轴等 几何学特征,分析了日本海沟俯冲带的历史地震和日本东北Mw 9.0 级地震主震和余震的震源分布,日本东北地区的地震活 动与太平洋板块向日本岛弧下方的俯冲活动关系密切。  相似文献   

7.
《地学前缘》2017,(4):341-351
全球汇聚板块边缘是产生8级以上大地震和破坏性海啸的地方,一直以来是全球科学家关注的焦点和热点区域。马尼拉俯冲带位于南海东部,也是许多地震、海啸和活火山活跃的区域。本文依据以往穿过马尼拉俯冲带的多条多道反射地震测线和海底地震仪剖面数据,分析了马尼拉俯冲带海沟沉积物充填厚度变化、增生楔宽度变化、海底变形特征以及地壳速度结构变化,提出马尼拉俯冲带具有明显的分段特征,分为北吕宋区段、海山链区段和南部西吕宋区段。不同区段的俯冲过程明显不同,提出俯冲增生和俯冲剥蚀(构造剥蚀)两种机制分别控制了该俯冲带的南、北区段。北段主要受到俯冲增生机制的控制,在海沟和弧前盆地之间形成巨大的增生楔构造,在南海北部大陆边缘10~15km厚的减薄陆壳不断俯冲作用下,引起许多与俯冲有关的地震活动和构造变形。南段海山链区段海底地形复杂和粗糙,在俯冲增生、剥蚀或构造剥蚀的联合控制下,5~6km厚大洋板块不断俯冲形成较小的增生楔结构,部分沉积物可能随着板块的俯冲被拖曳到板块边界的深部。  相似文献   

8.
张泽明  丁慧霞  董昕  田作林  杜瑾雪 《岩石学报》2021,37(11):3377-3398
形成在汇聚板块边缘的俯冲带由俯冲岩石圈板块和上部岩石圈板块组成,具有不对称的热结构。俯冲岩石圈板块具有冷的地温梯度,而上部岩石圈板块具有热的地温梯度。俯冲板块的变质作用发生在5~15℃/km地温梯度下,可进一步划分为冷俯冲板块型(5~10℃/km)和热俯冲板块型(10~15℃/km),即西阿尔卑斯型和古巴型。俯冲带上板块的变质作用发生15~50℃/km地温梯度下,可进一步划为冷地壳型(15~25℃/km)和热地壳型(25~50℃/km),统称为科迪勒拉型。冷俯冲板块的变质作用是以大洋和大陆地壳岩石深俯冲到地幔,发生低温/高压及超高压变质作用为特征。所形成的低温/高压和超高压变质岩具有顺时针型P-T轨迹,其折返过程是以近等温或升温降压和部分熔融为特征。热俯冲板块型变质作用发生在年轻板块的正常俯冲和古老板块的平缓俯冲过程中。从大洋岩石圈初始俯冲到成熟俯冲,俯冲板块的地温梯度由热到冷,从热俯冲型转变成冷俯冲型。热俯冲板块的变质岩可具有顺时针型,也可具有逆时针型P-T轨迹,可以发生高温和高压下的部分熔融,形成埃达克质岩浆岩。俯冲带上板块的冷地壳型变质作用发生在构造挤压导致的加厚地壳环境,加厚的下地壳发生高温、高压麻粒岩相和榴辉岩相变质作用,可具有顺时针和逆时针型P-T轨迹。加厚新生下地壳的部分熔融形成埃达克质岩浆和高密度的基性残留体(弧榴辉岩)。热地壳型变质作用发生在构造伸展导致的减薄地壳环境。由于强烈的幔源岩浆增生和软流圈上涌,下地壳发生高温或超高温麻粒岩相变质作用和部分熔融,所形成的变质岩可具有顺时针型或逆时针型P-T轨迹。在岩浆弧加厚地壳的伸展过程中,早先形成的高温和高压变质岩可以叠加超高温变质作用。俯冲带上板块的岩浆弧可能是超高温变质岩形成的最主要构造环境。上板块下地壳的部分熔融可以形成大体积的花岗岩,由此导致新生地壳组成和成分的分异,是大陆地壳生长和成熟的重要机制。大陆碰撞造山带的加厚下地壳具有冷的地温梯度,可以发生高压麻粒岩和榴辉岩相变质作用。这些高级变质岩具有顺时针型P-T轨迹,在其折返过程中叠加中压、高温,甚至超高温变质作用。碰撞造山带下地壳的长期部分熔融可以形成不同成分的壳源花岗岩。  相似文献   

9.
大陆深俯冲的动力学机制:观测和模拟结果   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
兴都库什-帕米尔-中国西部1975~2003年期间的地震活动记录、地表地质构造和地壳速度结构数据证明,沿特提斯陆-陆碰撞带正在进行大陆深俯冲作用。帕米尔地区大陆地壳的下部物质与上地幔一起俯冲到200km 以下,而中、上地壳在不同深度上被反冲断层所剥离。帕米尔地区向南的大陆深俯冲作用限于西部恰曼左行走滑断裂和东部喀喇昆仑右行走滑断裂之间。沿深俯冲带存在上、中、下3个地震群。上地震群出现在30~50km 附近,对应于中、上地壳的反冲剥离构造作用,地震成因与长英质地壳的脆-韧转换和“二相变形”机制有关。中地震群大体出现在90~120km 深度上,与帕米尔深俯冲岩板向下由缓倾变陡的深度大体相当。下地震群的主体出现在180~220km,代表深俯冲岩板的最前端。帕米尔大陆深俯冲岩板为上宽下窄、上缓(20~30°)下陡(60~70°),转变深度在80~120km 的楔形体,深度超过200km 的走向宽度只有500~600km。在探讨大陆深俯冲的动力学过程中采用了2种模拟方法。利用考虑温度场和负浮力的二维数值模拟表明:(1)地幔对流拖曳力对俯冲深度和俯冲速度有重要控制作用,从100MPa 到20MPa 的变化将导致俯冲深度由231km 减到151km,速率由10.79mm/a 减到5.46mm/a。(2)俯冲角30°与45°相比,前者的俯冲深度要深约25~50km。(3)俯冲板块厚度越大,则俯冲深度越浅。(4)在俯冲板块的负浮力、洋脊推力为10~30MPa 及地幔对流拖曳力为100MPa 的综合作用下,陆壳俯冲实际垂向位移可达120km,最终俯冲深度达到150km,而洋壳实际垂向位移约170km,最终俯冲深度达到230km。在考虑岩石圈和软流圈相互耦合的俯冲模拟中,块体间的接触判断采用了 LDDA 方法的接触判断准则和区域分解方法求解。其特点是边界条件比较简单,并能自动实现俯冲过程中岩石圈和软流圈之间的相互作用,但需要确定研究区域不同深度和不同板块的力学参数,且计算量很大。  相似文献   

10.
俯冲带热结构的影响因素及其研究意义宋茂双,谢鸿森,徐有生(中国科学院地球化学研究所,贵阳550002)关键词俯冲带,热结构,消减参数,挥发性流体俯冲带是冷的洋壳向上覆大洋板块或大陆板块之下消减的区域,在火山活动、地震活动性、变质作用、大地热流、地震波...  相似文献   

11.
TTG岩石构造组合(或岩类)表征洋壳俯冲作用。本文提出TTG岩类的4个亚类:(1)镁安山岩系列(MA)低压型TTG亚类,形成于非常年轻和很热的洋壳俯冲,压力≤1 500~1 600 MPa,深度≤50~60 km,例如活动洋中脊俯冲的板片窗的边缘;(2)镁安山岩系列(MA)高压型TTG亚类,形成于比较年轻和较热的洋壳俯冲,压力≥1 500~1 600 MPa,深度≥50~60 km;(3)低镁(或非镁)安山岩系列(LMA)低压型TTG亚类,形成于洋内弧下地壳,压力≤1 500~1 600 MPa,深度≤50~60 km;(4)低镁(或非镁)安山岩系列(LMA)高压型TTG亚类,形成了大陆边缘弧山根带,压力≥1 500~1 600 MPa,深度≥50~60 km。对TTG岩类4个亚类的研究,并结合对无TTG形成的老的冷的俯冲带洋壳和冷的弧地壳以及幔楔有无岩浆产生等方面的研究,可以重建岩浆弧的壳幔结构和热结构,进而可为与洋俯冲有关的成矿作用提供地质背景。  相似文献   

12.
N. L. Dobretsov 《Petrology》2010,18(1):84-106
Geological-petrological and geochemical data on subduction-related magmatism (including the volumes and compositions of the corresponding magmatic series) are compared to the results of experiments and numerical simulation. The subduction zone is subdivided into five depth sectors and volcanic zones I, II, and III: 1 is the accretionary wedge that controls the geodynamic stability of subduction; 2 is the sector of dehydration and fluid filtration; 3 is the zone of eclogitization and initial partial melting in the slab above which boninite volcanic zone I is formed during early stages; 4 is the main zone of melting of the sedimentary-basite layer and the development of volcanic zone II with the predominance of andesites; and 5 is the zone of higher degree melting, above which volcanic zone III (basaltic andesite and alkali basalt) is formed. The criterion of volcanism intensity, which was obtained within the scope of the melting model, is proportional to the subduction velocity and the thickness of the melting zone, and the distance between the groups of volcanics along the subduction zone is 75–100 km, at a thickness of the melting zone of 15–20 km. The calculated isotherm of 600°C, which controls the stability of serpentine and chlorite, is not identified at depth above 150 km, and this is confirmed by the composition and P-T conditions of the high-pressure rocks (containing diamond and coesite), which were brought from depths of 150–200 km in subduction zones. Seismic sections constructed with regard for the amplitude characteristics of seismic waves show two melting zones (“wet” melting at a depth of 100–200 km and “dry” melting at a depth of 150–200 km) and a complicated thermal structure of the suprasthenospheric wedge, which can include slant magma conduits. The mineralogical and geochemical features of arc magmatic series are formed at a decisive role of an H2O-CO2 fluid and an elevated oxidation potential. The predominant buffer minerals are as follows: garnet in the slab melting zone; magnetite, Ca-pyroxene, and amphibole in intermediate magmatic chambers; and amphibole, protoenstatite-bronzite (in place of olivine), and Cr-spinel (in place of magnetite) for boninite series generated in a “hot” asthenospheric wedge at interaction with fluids or water-rich melts. Actively disputable problems are the interactions scale of melts and fluids generated in a subduction zone with a “hot” mantle wedge, the possibility of transporting water-rich minerals deep into the mantle (to depths greater than 150 km), and the evolution of the scale at which young continental crust is generated by subduction melts.  相似文献   

13.
A tomographic travel-time inversion has been applied to trace the subducted slab of the South China Sea (SCS) beneath the Manila Trench. The dataset, taken from the International Seismological Centre (1960–2008), is composed of 13,087 P-wave arrival times from 1401 regional earthquakes and 8834 from 1350 teleseismic events. The results image the different morphology of the subducted SCS slab as a high-velocity zone. The subducting angle of the slab varies along the trench: at 16° N and 16.5° N, the slab dips at a low angle (24° ~ 32°) for 20–250 km depth and at a moderate angle (50°) for ~250–400 km depth. At 17° N, the slab dips at a low angle (32°) to near 400 km depth, and at 17.5° N and 18° N the slabs are near vertical from 70 ~ 700 km depth, while at 20° N the high-velocity anomalies exhibit features from horizontal abruptly to near vertical, extending to 500 km depth. The dramatic steepening of the slab between 17° N and 17.5° N may indicate a slab tear, which is coincident with the axis of a fossil ridge within the SCS slab at around 17° N. In addition, low-velocity zones in the three profiles above 300 km depth may represent the formation of the slab window, induced by ridge subduction and slab tear, initiating upward mantle flow and resulting in the partial melting of the edge of the slab. The slab tear could explain the volcanic gap and geochemical difference between the extinct Miocene and Quaternary volcanoes in the Luzon Arc, the much higher heat flow around the fossil ridge, and the distribution of most of the adakites and the related porphyry Cu-Au deposits in the Luzon area. Based on the geometry and morphology of the subducted slab and certain assumptions, we calculate the initial time of ridge subduction, which implies that ridge subduction and slab tear possibly started at ~8 Ma.  相似文献   

14.
获取深部速度结构是认识南海形成演化模式的基础.海底地震仪(OBS)二维与三维深地震探测技术是获取深部速度结构最成功的方法之一.OBS三维探测结果揭示:西南次海盆横跨残留扩张脊两侧洋壳不对称增生的速度结构特征;东部次海盆具有4种不同洋壳类型的速度结构;珍贝-黄岩海山链是在海盆停止扩张后6~10 Ma岩浆活动形成的;东沙隆起区显示了张裂期后的岩浆活动及其上涌通道;南海东北部马尼拉俯冲带前缘是受到张裂期后岩浆活动影响的减薄陆壳.IODP367-368钻探区实施的OBS三维探测将以建立南海洋陆转换带(COT)张裂-破裂机制模型为科学目标.OBS三维探测方法在南海各向异性、岩浆活动、形成演化等方面将继续发挥着不可替代的作用.   相似文献   

15.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987112001065   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
It has been thought that granitic crust,having been formed on the surface,must have survived through the Earth’s evolution because of its buoyancy.At subduction zones continental crust is predominantly created by arc magmatism and is returned to the mantle via sediment subduction,subduction erosion, and continental subduction.Granitic rocks,the major constituent of the continental crust,are lighter than the mantle at depths shallower than 270 km,but we show here,based on first principles calculations, that beneath 270 km they have negative buoyancy compared to the surrounding material in the upper mantle and transition zone,and thus can be subducted in the depth range of 270-660 km.This suggests that there can be two reservoirs of granitic material in the Earth,one on the surface and the other at the base of the mantle transition zone(MTZ).The accumulated volume of subducted granitic material at the base of the MTZ might amount to about six times the present volume of the continental crust.Our calculations also show that the seismic velocities of granitic material in the depth range from 270 to 660 km are faster than those of the surrounding mantle.This could explain the anomalous seismic-wave velocities observed around 660 km depth.The observed seismic scatterers and reported splitting of the 660 km discontinuity could be due to jadeite dissociation,chemical discontinuities between granitic material and the surrounding mantle,or a combination thereof.  相似文献   

16.
We present the P-wave seismic tomography image of the mantle to a depth of 1200 km beneath the Indonesian region. The inversion method is applied to a dataset of 118,203 P-wave travel times of local and teleseismic events taken from ISC bulletins. Although the resolution is sufficient for detailed discussion in only a limited part of the study region, the results clarify the general tectonic framework in this region and indicate a possible remnant seismic slab in the lower mantle.

Structures beneath the Philippine Islands and the Molucca Sea region are well resolved and high-velocity zones corresponding to the slabs of the Molucca Sea and Philippine Sea plates are well delineated. Seismic zones beneath the Manila, Negros and Cotabato trenches are characterized by high-velocity anomalies, although shallow structures were not resolved. The Molucca Sea collision zone and volcanic zones of the Sangihe and Philippine arcs are dominated by low-velocity anomalies. The Philippine Sea slab subducts beneath the Philippine Islands at least to a depth of 200 km and may reach depths of 450 km. The southern end of the slab extends at least to about 6°N near southern Mindanao. In the south, the two opposing subducting slabs of the Molucca Sea plate are clearly defined by the two opposing high-velocity zones. The eastward dipping slab can be traced about 400 km beneath the Halmahera arc and may extend as far north as about 5°N. Unfortunately, resolution is not sufficient to reveal detailed structures at the boundary region between the Halmahera and Philippine Sea slabs. The westward dipping slab may subduct to the lower mantle although its extent at depth is not well resolved. This slab trends N-S from about 10°N in the Philippine Islands to northern Sulawesi. A NE-SW-trending high-velocity zone is found in the lower mantle beneath the Molucca Sea region. This high-velocity zone may represent a remnant of the former subduction zone which formed the Sulawesi arc during the Miocene.

The blocks along the Sunda and Banda arcs are less well resolved than those in the Philippine Islands and the Molucca Sea region. Nevertheless, overall structures can be inferred. The bowl-shaped distribution of the seismicity of the Banda arc is clearly defined by a horseshoe-shaped high-velocity zone. The tomographic image shows that the Indian oceanic slab subducts to a depth deeper than 300 km i.e., deeper than its seismicity, beneath Andaman Islands and Sumatra and may be discontinuous in northern Sumatra. Along southern Sumatra, Java and the islands to the east, the slab appears to be continuous and can be traced down to at least a depth of the deepest seismicity, where it appears to penetrate into the lower mantle.  相似文献   


17.
南海东北部海域水深、沉积厚度大、沉积速率高和有机质含量丰富,为马尼拉增生楔中天然气水合物成藏提供了必要的气源,且相应适宜的温压条件以及构造背景也有利于天然气水合物的形成与赋存,其中马尼拉俯冲带俯冲前缘以及增生楔中的断裂系统成为天然气水合物成藏的非常重要的运移通道。通过对地震剖面中断裂系统和三维地貌图的精细解释,分析了马尼拉海沟俯冲带存在的海沟前缘正断层、海沟轴部的盲断层以及增生楔中的盲冲断层或逆冲断层,直到最后发育成隔断叠瓦状岩片的逆冲断层组,这些断裂系统反映出增生楔上天然气水合物的含气流体的形成、运移及聚集过程,成为天然气水合物成藏的运移通道。  相似文献   

18.
浊流是远距离沉积物运输的一种重要方式,海底浊流广泛存在于海底峡谷或海沟。马尼拉海沟位于南海东北部,是一条正在活动的板块汇聚边界。独特的地理位置(亚热带—热带)和气候条件(台风频发),使得马尼拉海沟浊流频发,然而,现今对马尼拉海沟的浊流研究甚少。本研究通过对马尼拉海沟北部水深3747 m处重力柱岩心(GEO6)进行高精度的粒度及沉积学特征分析,探讨马尼拉海沟浊流沉积规律。GEO6岩心底部细颗粒沉积物中浮游有孔虫的14C的AMS年龄为1405 a B.P.。高精度的粒度分析(0.25 cm)和沉积学特征显示: GEO6岩心记录有至少11次浊流沉积(T1-T11),且这些浊流都有明显的底部粒度最粗(砂质粉砂或砂)、向上粒度逐渐变细的正粒序特征,只有T8沉积体为反粒序特征,可能为异重流沉积。结合区域地质资料,本研究认为1.4 ka B.P.以来,研究区频繁的台风带来了大量陆源松散沉积物堆积在马尼拉海沟上游(高屏峡谷),不稳定的构造环境及地震频发导致这些松散沉积物垮塌并向下游马尼拉海沟输送,在海沟内形成频繁发育的浊流沉积体。  相似文献   

19.
浊流是远距离沉积物运输的一种重要方式,海底浊流广泛存在于海底峡谷或海沟。马尼拉海沟位于南海东北部,是一条正在活动的板块汇聚边界。独特的地理位置(亚热带—热带)和气候条件(台风频发),使得马尼拉海沟浊流频发,然而,现今对马尼拉海沟的浊流研究甚少。本研究通过对马尼拉海沟北部水深3747 m处重力柱岩心(GEO6)进行高精度的粒度及沉积学特征分析,探讨马尼拉海沟浊流沉积规律。GEO6岩心底部细颗粒沉积物中浮游有孔虫的14C的AMS年龄为1405 a B.P.。高精度的粒度分析(0.25 cm)和沉积学特征显示: GEO6岩心记录有至少11次浊流沉积(T1-T11),且这些浊流都有明显的底部粒度最粗(砂质粉砂或砂)、向上粒度逐渐变细的正粒序特征,只有T8沉积体为反粒序特征,可能为异重流沉积。结合区域地质资料,本研究认为1.4 ka B.P.以来,研究区频繁的台风带来了大量陆源松散沉积物堆积在马尼拉海沟上游(高屏峡谷),不稳定的构造环境及地震频发导致这些松散沉积物垮塌并向下游马尼拉海沟输送,在海沟内形成频繁发育的浊流沉积体。  相似文献   

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