共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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以一系列轮烯衍生物为目标分子,运用MP2和TD-DFT方法在6-31G(d)基组水平上计算了分子一阶超极化率β和紫外吸收光谱, 研究了分子结构和非线性光学性能的关系. 研究发现, 本文中的二维电荷转移(2DCT)分子2—6均具有较大的β值, 且紫外吸收光谱最大吸收峰和相对应的一维电荷转移(1DCT)分子8和9相比发生蓝移, 这对解决"非线性效率-透光性的矛盾"给予了很大启示. 对于2DCT分子2—7, 分子一阶超极化率的大小和分子构型关系密切, 随着键长交替(BLA)的增加,分 相似文献
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G型溶菌酶(G-type lysozyme,G.lys)是一种富含半胱氨酸的天然免疫因子,在无脊椎动物的免疫防御过程中起重要作用。本研究旨在通过揭示法螺(Charonia tritonis)G型溶菌酶(CtG.lys)重组蛋白的抑菌功能,为进一步认识法螺的分子免疫机理及病害防治提供新思路。首先对CtG.lys序列进行了分析,利用实时荧光定量PCR检测CtG.lys的组织分布,然后以pGEX-4T-1为表达载体,构建重组质粒pGEX-4T-1-CtG.lys,进行重组蛋白表达,并检测了重组蛋白的抑菌活性。结果显示:1)CtG.lys cDNA的5''非翻译区(UTR)为66bp,3''UTR为186bp,开放阅读框为789bp,编码262个氨基酸,有1个可溶性转糖苷酶(SLT)结构域(72~255aa),包含6个半胱氨酸残基和3个酶活性催化位点(Glu72、Asp85、Asp96);2)多序列比对及系统发育分析表明,CtG.lys与亲缘关系较近的福寿螺G型溶菌酶氨基酸的同源性最高;3)CtG.lys在所有被检测组织中均表达,其中在肝脏、外套膜表达量较高;4)16℃,0.5mmol/L IPTG诱导表达10h后,重组蛋白在上清液和包涵体均表达分子量约为51.91kDa,纯化后得到浓度为1.2mg/mL的重组蛋白;5)抑菌实验表明,重组蛋白pGEX-4T-1-CtG.lys具有抗金黄色葡萄球菌Staphyloccocus aureus、藤黄微球菌Micrococcus luteus、施罗氏弧菌Vibrio shilonii的活性,对革兰氏阳性细菌的抑菌作用大于革兰氏阴性细菌。研究结果为进一步解析法螺免疫防御的分子机理提供了参考数据和科学依据。 相似文献
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于1990年6月在哈尔滨市东北林业大学实验林场一水池中采到微齿喜马拉雅低额溞，根据实验结果应用生物统计学方法对它的生长和种群增长进行研究。结果表明，在不同温度条件下性成熟时间与水温的关系为，雌性（10-30°C）：h=8072t-1.313（r=0.985, P＜0.01）；雄性（5-25°C）：h=1074t-0.855（r=0.9844，P＜0.01）。在20±1°C条件下，其体长增长模型为：lt=3.334-2.7345e-0.1117t。龄期（x）与年龄（t，d）的关系为：雌体：t=0.07169x2＋1.3808x-1.7361；雄体：t=0.8425x2＋2.534x-1.8600。内禀增长率（rm）为0.4076。种群增长呈“logistic”型，其方程式为：y=3625/[1+e(3.848-0.164t)]。 相似文献
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内壳是头足类重要的硬组织器官之一,鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)内壳的生长具有不可逆性,是记录鸢乌贼整个生活史信息的良好载体。根据2019年3~5月中国灯光罩网渔船在西北印度洋生产调查期间采集的鸢乌贼样本,利用碳氮稳定同位素技术,研究了个体间的营养生态位关系、摄食习性等。结果表明,雌、雄鸢乌贼个体的内壳δ13C不存在显著性差异(P>0.05),而δ15N存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。营养生态位结果显示,雄性群体的生态位宽幅比雌性群体的要大。雌、雄个体的内壳生长对δ13C均没有显著影响(P>0.05),但雌、雄个体的内壳生长对δ15N均有显著影响(P<0.05), δ13C (1.28‰)和δ15N (3.46‰)值的变化表明鸢乌贼在生长过程中存在洄游现象,营养等级发生改变,且同时期的雌性个体较雄性个体捕食营养层级更高的食物。 相似文献
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底边界层中沉积物的再悬浮和沉降是控制陆架海悬浮沉积物的输运的关键过程。沉积物输运过程的数值*模拟也依赖于沉积物侵蚀和沉降的关键参数的研究。本文根据济州岛西南泥质区的坐底观测估算了此处临界应力。通过底边界层声学仪器ADV和PC-ADP的流速和悬浮物浓度同步观测,基于湍生成与耗散平衡假设,使用惯性耗散法计算沉降速度。这种方法得到的沉降速度ws平均值为0.91 mm s-1,标准差为0.20 mm s-1,此结果远大于Soulbsy（1997）和LISST-ST现场观测粒径分析仪等经验方法的结果。这主要是由于两种方法的本质不同,惯性耗散法形象的刻画了底边界层的水动力,并且更加合理的现场估计沉降速度ws,然而Soulsby的方法通常适用于静水环境。我们提出了一种估计临界应力的新方法,根据悬浮颗粒物浓度时空变化的统计分析（深度平均的悬浮颗粒物浓度对时间求导数）和对应的底应力估算侵蚀临界应力τce和沉降临界应力τcd。侵蚀临界应力τce和沉降临界应力τce的变化范围为0.11-0.25 Pa,对应的中值分别为0.20 Pa和0.16 Pa,这也证实了侵蚀临界应力略大于沉降临界应力。除此之外,我们还使用了另一种方法估算临界应力,通过沉降速度间接估算的临界应力范围为0.06-0.17 Pa。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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