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1.
以海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯粗多糖为原料,采用Cu2+-H2O2自由基氧化体系结合超滤技术制备低分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯.通过比较粗糖质量和H2O2浓度对产物的分子量和化学组成的影响,确定制备高硫酸根高岩藻糖的低分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的最佳条件是:4.5％ H2O2与0.026 7 mol/L Cu2+降解4.5g岩藻聚糖硫酸酯,得到Fa3(Mw7.68kDa)和Fb3(Mw 3.89kDa)2个组分,其硫酸根含量较高,为30.32％和32.48％.Fa3组分主要由岩藻糖(64.25％)和半乳糖(30.74％)组成,而Fb3的硫酸根和半乳糖含量高于Fa3,但岩藻糖含量下降.比较发现,H2O2浓度由4.5％上升为9％时,制备的低分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的分子量、岩藻糖含量和硫酸根含量都下降.研究发现Fa3和Fb3对流感病毒神经氨酸酶具有较强的抑制作用,尤其是Fa3组分活性较高.说明分子量对岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的神经氨酸酶抑制活性影响要大于硫酸根含量,而且Fa3组分对流感病毒神经氨酸酶的抑制活性也可能与其单糖组成较均一有关. 相似文献
2.
岩藻聚糖硫酸酯寡糖-Ce(Ⅳ)配合物水解胶原蛋白的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对岩藻聚糖硫酸酯寡糖-铈配合物的制备及其对胶原蛋白的水解活性进行了研究。通过酸水解得到不同分子量的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯寡糖F1(MW>5 000),F2(MW 1 000~5 000),F3(MW<1 000),小分子的F3与Ce(Ⅳ)的配合效果最好,且水解胶原蛋白的活性高。通过实验确定了岩藻聚糖硫酸酯寡糖F3与Ce(Ⅳ)的配合条件以及F3-Ce(Ⅳ)配合物对胶原蛋白的最佳水解条件。 相似文献
3.
岩藻聚糖硫酸酯体外抗氧化特性的研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
采用化学发光分析法研究岩藻聚糖硫酸酯清除超氧阴离子自由基 (O· -2 )及羟基自由基(· OH)的作用 ,并以高效液相色谱法研究对卵磷脂 (PC)过氧化的抑制能力。结果显示 :(1)三种岩藻聚糖硫酸酯组分均有清除活性氧自由基的能力 ,但清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力高于清除羟基自由基的能力。其中糖醛酸含量高和硫酸酯含量低的组分 清除自由基的能力最强 ,它对 O· -2 的IC50 为 0 .0 4 4 mg/m L,对· OH的 IC50 为 0 .0 6 2 mg/m L。 (2 )岩藻聚糖硫酯具有抑制 PC过氧化的能力。岩藻聚糖硫酸酯组分受活性氧损伤后 ,它们的抗氧化能力均降低。研究表明 ,岩藻聚糖硫酸酯具有较强的体外抗氧化的功能。 相似文献
4.
采用人肠道微生物体外厌氧发酵技术,研究人肠道微生物对不同分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的降解利用。分别将五个志愿者的肠道微生物接种到以高分子量和低分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯为唯一碳源的培养基中,酵解48h后,采用TLC和PAGE分析分子量变化,PMP-HPLC分析单糖组成变化,GC分析短链脂肪酸的生成情况。结果发现:在人肠道微生物体外降解岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的体系中,岩藻聚糖硫酸酯寡糖和低分子量组分(10—20k Da)含量显著降低,而且酵解产物的单糖组成没有变化,说明被人肠道微生物彻底降解利用;而人肠道微生物对高分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯(20k Da)的降解和利用度很低,产物的半乳糖和甘露糖的比例明显下降。低分子量和高分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯在酵解后均生成短链脂肪酸乙酸、丙酸和丁酸,但在高分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯发酵液中还生成了支链脂肪酸(异丁酸、异戊酸)和戊酸。研究结果表明,人肠道微生物能够彻底降解利用复杂的海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯寡糖和低分子量组分,但是对高分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的降解率很低。单糖分析说明人肠道微生物能够降解和利用多糖中的所有单糖,产生有利于肠道健康的短链脂肪酸,但是只有低分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯能够抑制支链脂肪酸生成。 相似文献
5.
测定褐藻羊栖菜中的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯 (F 2 )的中性单糖组成和硫酸基含量 ,发现F 2主要由岩藻糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖和少量的木糖、鼠李糖等组成 ,硫酸基含量为 3 4.6%。采用温和的溶剂法将F 2脱硫 ,比较其脱硫前后硫酸基含量和中性单糖组成的差异 ,其脱硫产物F 2d的硫酸基含量为 5 .6% ,除岩藻糖含量略有降低外 ,其他中性单糖组成相似 ,测定结果表明脱硫基本完全且效果较好。另外 ,本文选用改良的甲基化方法 ,并通过红外光谱扫描验证了甲基化反应完全。对F 2脱硫前后部分甲基化糖醇乙酸酯的GC MS进行分析比较 ,得出F 2的结构信息 ,包括其主链和支链的构成、连接方式和硫酸基取代位置等。 相似文献
6.
褐藻多糖硫酸酯是一种含有硫酸基的水溶性杂聚糖,其化学组成对抗氧化活性有较大的影响。本文对三种褐藻来源的褐藻多糖硫酸酯及其降解产物化学组成和抗氧化活性进行了研究,阐明了不同来源褐藻多糖硫酸酯体外抗氧化活性的构效关系。实验结果表明:1)分子量对抗氧化活性有较大影响,但是对不同褐藻来源的褐藻多糖硫酸酯的影响趋势并不一致。2)岩藻糖、硫酸基和糖醛酸含量对清除超氧阴离子自由基的影响与分子量有一定的关系。对于低分子量样品,岩藻糖和硫酸基含量与抗氧化活性成正相关。3)岩藻糖和硫酸根的比值对羟基自由基的清除能力有一定影响,比值越大,羟基自由基的清除能力越强。分子量、岩藻糖、硫酸基和糖醛酸的含量对褐藻多糖硫酸酯的抗氧化活性的影响依次减小。本研究为褐藻多糖硫酸酯在抗氧化剂保健品和功能食品中的应用提供了基础数据,也为裙带菜、羊栖菜和铜藻的高值化利用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
7.
以κ-卡拉胶(硫酸基含量25.1％,分子质量83.1 kD)为原料,研究了二甲基亚砜-甲醇法(DMSO法)、三甲基氯硅烷法(CTMS法)以及苯并四甲酸-三氧化二锑法(PMA法)对其脱硫后多糖样品的得率、硫酸基含量及分子质量的影响.结果表明,κ-卡拉胶经三种方法脱硫后,样品得率分别为45.3％、50.6％和62.0％,脱硫率分别为42.2％、48.6％和82.8％,分子质量分别为15.7、22.3和4.75 kD.通过红外光谱和硫酸基含量分析表明,PMA法脱硫效果优于DMSO和CTMS法.PMA法不仅对κ-卡拉胶有效,而且适合于l-卡拉胶、λ-卡拉胶和岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的脱硫. 相似文献
8.
《海洋科学集刊》2017,(0)
褐藻多糖硫酸酯(fucoidan,FPS)是所有褐藻中所固有的细胞间多糖,存在于细胞壁基质中。生长于潮间带、长时间与空气接触的褐藻种类中,如多年生的墨角藻(Fucus vesiculosus)类,其褐藻多糖硫酸酯的含量可高达20%;生长在较深处的海带(Saccharina japonica)类中含量较低,约为1%~2%。褐藻多糖硫酸酯是一类独特的结合有硫酸基的水溶性杂聚糖,其化学组成和结构非常复杂,以岩藻糖和硫酸基为主,随着褐藻的种类不同还含有半乳糖、木糖、糖醛酸等其他成分。褐藻多糖硫酸酯具有多种生物活性,目前针对墨角藻、泡叶藻(Ascophyllum nodosum)、鼠尾藻(Sargassum thunbergii)等褐藻中的褐藻多糖硫酸酯研究较多,发现其具有免疫调节、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗凝血、抗氧化等生物活性。本文主要就褐藻多糖硫酸酯的提取、纯化、结构及生物活性等方面研究进行综述。 相似文献
9.
岩藻聚糖硫酸酯低聚糖降压作用的初步研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
采用两肾—夹型建立肾血管性高血压大鼠模型。探讨岩藻聚糖硫酸酯低聚糖对肾血管性高血压大鼠的血压、呼吸及血浆中血管紧张素Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)含量的影响。用GY-6088型多道生理参数分析记录仪和张力传感器测定、记录血压和呼吸；用均相竞争法测定Ang Ⅱ的含量。实验表明，12．5，25，50mg／kg的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯低聚糖均能显著地降低肾血管性高血压大鼠的动脉血压。其中，高剂量(50mg／kg)的降压效果与14mg／kg的卡托普利相当；给药大鼠的呼吸频率随血压的变化呈正相关变化；12．5，25，50mg／kg剂量的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯低聚糖均能降低高血压大鼠血浆中Ang Ⅱ的含量。其中，高剂量(25，50mg／kg)组的Ang Ⅱ水平同卡托普利组(14mg／kg)相当。岩藻聚糖硫酸酯低聚糖对肾血管性高血压大鼠有显著的降压作用，抑制AngⅡ生成可能是其降压机制之一。 相似文献
10.
采用均匀设计从海带中热水提取岩藻聚糖硫酸酯,以粗多糖提取率(Yw)、岩藻糖提取率(Yf)和硫酸根提取率(Ys)为评价指标,并采用综合加权评分法综合考虑各试验因素对以上三个指标的影响.利用Minitab软件分析加权值Y与各因素的相关性,再通过回归方程优化岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的工艺参数.建立了加权值Y与提取温度(X1)、提取时间(X2)和液料比(X3)之间的二次回归模型,即Y=65.2+0.555x1+1.73x2+0.587x3+0.0236x12+0.0939x32-0.110x1x2.优化后获得最佳提取工艺参数. 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
13.
G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
14.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
15.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
16.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
17.
The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
18.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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