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1.
华北地区主要构造带的现代运动和应变 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据网络工程在华北地区1999—2001—2004年的GPS观测资料,计算求解了垂直于断裂构造带走向的线应变率(即断层正应变率)和平行于断裂构造带走向的剪应变率,求解了断裂带的水平错动速率,研究了断裂带的位移和应变状态。断层正应变率表明北东、北北东向断裂带为北段挤压,南段拉张,东西向断裂带和北西向断裂带在华北东部地段为挤压,西部地带为拉张。1999年至2004年的断裂带的正应变率和剪应变率量值都在37×10-9/a以内。断层在水平方向上的活动表明,东西向断裂带和北西向断裂带以左旋运动为主,不同地段兼有拉张或挤压,北东、北北东向断裂带挤压或拉张活动较显著,不同地段兼有右旋或左旋运动。 相似文献
2.
长江中下游成矿带位于大别造山带、长江中下游凹陷、江南隆起带等大地构造单元结合部位,通过在研究区内布设两条首尾相接共计150km长的大地电磁剖面,获得了50km以浅岩石圈尺度的电性分布.长江中下游地区中段地下电性结构显示出在地下10km和30km处分别存在明显的圈层结构,以此认为现今横向稳定的"电莫霍"反映了研究区经历燕山期陆内构造-岩浆活动后已基本上完成壳幔重新平衡;而分隔大地构造单元的郯庐断裂带、长江断裂带以及江南断裂带在电性上具有特征的梯度显现,在印支造山期后的引张背景下,断裂带成为强伸展活动带与控制了燕山期大范围的陆内岩浆活动;高导地幔的局域性存在以及从北向南地幔导电性的变化反映了在经受深部动力学过程中处于不同大地构造部位的地幔所遭受的不同类型的改造以及地幔深部的构造极性. 相似文献
3.
本文是根据Landsat卫星影像概括分析了台湾岛的活动断裂及其与地震的关系。在卫星影像上,活动断裂的特点是影像清晰,多成带出现,活动性明显。北北东向活动断裂带构成本区的基本轮廓,多数具有左旋平移性质;北西向活动断裂带的规模虽不如前者,但有可能是台湾岛北部最新的活动断裂,并具有右旋平移性质。通过综合分析表明,本区大致承受北北西—南南东方向的挤压作用,即菲律宾海板块与欧亚板块碰撞挤压的结果 相似文献
4.
大凉山次级块体内强震发生的构造特征与2014年鲁甸6.5级地震对周边断层的影响 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
2014年8月3日,在云南鲁甸发生MS6.5地震.该地震位于巴颜喀拉块体、川滇块体与华南块体三者之间的以挤压和左旋走滑为主要活动特征的大凉山次级块体内部.该次级块体吸收了来自川滇块体和巴颜喀拉块体的挤压作用,主要以各边界断裂带的挤压作用和内部大凉山断裂带、峨边断裂带等NNW向的左旋走滑次级断裂为主要特征;在历史上大凉山次级块体边界上以7级以上强震活动为主要特征,而在次级块体内部则以5级地震频繁活动为主.2014年鲁甸MS6.5地震发生在逆冲走滑断裂带内部的NNW向左旋走滑断裂上,该地震主要受到了发生在小江断裂带上的1733年M73/4和则木河断裂带上的1850年M71/2强震的影响,这两次地震对2014年鲁甸MS6.5地震有促进作用,而2014年鲁甸6.5级地震促进了2014年10月1日越西5.0级地震的发生,此外鲁甸地震对大凉山断裂带北段、峨边断裂带、昭通-鲁甸断裂带东段以及则木河断裂带南段有一定的库仑应力增强作用. 相似文献
5.
青海拉脊山断裂带新活动特征的初步研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
拉脊山断裂带由拉脊山北缘断裂和拉脊山南缘断裂两条向NE凸出的弧形断裂所组成，分别长约230km和220km。它们是介于NNW向的热水一日月山右旋走滑断裂带和NWW向的西秦岭北缘左旋走滑断裂带之间的一个大型挤压构造区和构造转换带，也是分隔拉脊山南北两侧的西宁一民和盆地和循化一化隆盆地的重要边界断裂。沿断裂带的追踪考察，发现了其新活动的部分地质地貌证据。其最新活动时代为晚更新世晚期(仅局部为全新世早期)，性质以挤压逆冲为主稍具左旋特征。该断裂的新活动可能导致了该区20余次5级左右中等地震的发生。可以说，拉脊山地区既是反映构造活动，又是反映地震活动的地震构造窗。 相似文献
6.
韩城断裂带NE段构造应力特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
断裂带的区域构造应力特征是研究其活动性的重要依据。在应变指示计较少的弱应变地区,磁组构是有效可选的手段。在韩城断裂带1/5万活动断层填图工作的基础上,对断裂带NE段的上峪口、渚北庄与邵家岭剖面进行了系统的岩石磁组构研究。结果表明,该区域三叠纪岩石样品磁化率椭球体以"扁球型"为主,表现出弱变形组构的典型特征。磁化率椭球体最大轴Kmax沿NWSE向与最小轴Kmin沿NE-SW向的分布趋势,以及断层两盘明显的差异性垂直运动、断层划痕与河流扭曲等野外证据,反映出韩城断裂带NE段受控于NW-SE向的拉张应力,兼有相对较弱的NESW向的水平挤压应力作用。断裂带不同地方的应力状态也存在一定的差异,研究区的上峪口与渚北庄剖面受到的水平挤压应力相对较弱;邵家岭则表现出较强的挤压应力作用。但邵家岭剖面大多数样品仍然落于"扁球型"区域内,可能说明在拉张应力控制的构造单元,即使挤压应力较为明显,沉积岩中的"拉长型"磁组构仍难以形成。 相似文献
7.
阿尔泰构造带的活动断裂主要为NW—NNW向。按构造位置可分为阿尔泰西缘活动断裂带、阿尔泰中央活动断裂带和阿尔泰东缘活动断裂带。阿尔泰东缘活动构造带由科布多(Hovd)活动断裂带、哈尔乌苏湖(Har Us)活动断裂带2条大型右旋走滑活动断裂和中间的挤压盆地带构成。在2条走滑断裂带上,前人发现多处地震地表破裂带。通过对阿尔泰东缘构造带中南段地区的野外调查,在哈尔乌苏湖断裂带中段的Jargalant断裂、科布多断裂带南段的Tugen gol断裂上新发现地震地表破裂带。其中,沿Jargalant断裂地震地表破裂带长约50km,右旋位错量约4~5m,是一次规模大、活动较新的破裂事件。可见,在阿尔泰东缘活动断裂带的不同断裂段上均有保存较好的地震地表破裂,显示阿尔泰东缘是活动强烈的地震构造带 相似文献
8.
《中国科学:地球科学》2016,(5)
汶川地震发生于巴颜喀拉、华南和川滇菱形块体"三联点"附近,对周边块体和川滇地区主要断裂带也即块体边界带的影响不容忽视.本文基于最新得到的1999~2007、2009~2011和2011~2013年GPS复测结果,利用二维有限元接触模型和"块体加载"方法,模拟强震前后断裂带的运动与受力变化.结果显示汶川地震前龙门山断裂带为低速运动但挤压应力快速积累,汶川地震后巴颜喀拉、滇西南、菱形块体向E-SSE逃逸增强,龙门山断裂带右旋、挤压运动速率和压应力年积累量最高值分别为震前的4.5、2.1和2.5倍.鲜水河南段、安宁河、则木河、大凉山和丽江-小金河断裂带挤压应力快速积累,并形成横跨川滇中部沿NE向展布的挤压应力增强带.鲜水河断裂带中部拉张增强并出现短暂反向.上述变化与该区同期中强地震分布关系密切,揭示出地震活动空间迁移与块体运动变化有关. 相似文献
9.
10.
基于震源机制解和地应力测量资料,研究分析郯庐断裂带南段及其周边地区的应力场分布特征,并结合大地构造特征将该区域应力场分为3个子区域:郯庐断裂带西侧应力区、苏北断陷应力区和苏南隆起应力区。分区反演构造应力场结果显示:(1)郯庐断裂带以西区域和苏北断陷区水平方向受到NEE向的挤压作用,苏南隆起区水平方向受到近EW向的挤压作用;(2)郯庐断裂带以西区域水平方向受到的挤压作用方向介于苏北断陷区NEE向与苏南隆起区近EW向之间;(3)郯庐断裂带以东区域构造应力场为正断兼走滑机制,以西区域为走滑机制;(4)整个研究区域水平方向挤压应力自西向东呈放射状分布。 相似文献
11.
《Acta Geochimica》2017,(1)
Harrat Al-Birk volcanics are products of the Red Sea rift in southwest Saudi Arabia that started in the Tertiary and reached its climax at ~ 5 Ma.This volcanic field is almost monotonous and is dominated by basalts that include mafic-ultramafic mantle xenoliths(gabbro,websterite,and garnet-clinopyroxenite).The present work presents the first detailed petrographic and geochemical notes about the basalts.They comprise vesicular basalt,porphyritic basalt,and flow-textured basalt,in addition to red and black scoria.Geochemically,the volcanic rock varieties of the Harrat Al-Birk are low- to medium-Ti,sodic-alkaline olivine basalts with an enriched oceanic island signature but extruded in a within-plate environment.There is evidence of formation by partial melting with a sort of crystal fractionation dominated by clinopyroxene and Fe-Ti oxides.The latter have abundant titanomagnetite and lesser ilmenite.There is a remarkable enrichment of light rare earth elements and depletion in Ba,Th and K,Ta,and Ti.The geochemical data in this work suggest Harrat Al-Birk basalts represent products of watersaturated melt that was silica undersaturated.This melt was brought to the surface through partial melting of asthenospheric upper mantle that produced enriched oceanic island basalts.Such partial melting is the result of subducted continental mantle lithosphere with considerable mantle metasomatism of subducted oceanic lithosphere that might contain hydrous phases in its peridotites.The fractional crystallization process was controlled by significant separation of clinopyroxene followed by amphiboles and Fe-Ti oxides,particularly ilmenite.Accordingly,the Harrat Al-Birk alkali basalts underwent crystal fractionation that is completely absent in the exotic mantle xenoliths(e.g.Nemeth et al.in The Pleistocene Jabal Akwa A1 Yamaniah maar/tuff ring-scoria cone complex as an analogy for future phreatomagmatic to magmatic explosive eruption scenarios in the Jizan Region,SW Saudi Arabia 2014). 相似文献
12.
The water contents of minerals and whole-rock in mantle-derived xenoliths from eastern China exhibit large variations and are generally lower than those from other on- and off-craton lithotectonic units. Nevertheless, the water contents of mineral and whole-rock in Junan peridotite xenoliths, which sourced from the juvenile lithospheric mantle, are generally higher than those elsewhere in eastern China. This suggests that the initial water content of juvenile lithospheric mantle is not low. There is no obvious correlation between the water contents and Mg# values of minerals in the mantle xenoliths and no occurrence of diffusion profile in pyroxene, suggesting no relationship between the low water content of mantle xenolith and the diffusion loss of water during xenolith ascent with host basaltic magmas. If the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) base is heated by the asthenospheric mantle, the diffusion loss of water is expected to occur. On the other hand, extraction of basaltic melts from the SCLM is a more efficient mechanism to reduce the water content of xenoliths. The primary melts of Mesozoic and Cenozoic basalts in eastern China have water contents, as calculated from the water contents of phenocrysts, higher than those of normal mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB). The Mesozoic basalts exhibit similar water contents to those of island arc basalts, whereas the Cenozoic basalts exhibit comparable water contents to oceanic island basalts and backarc basin basalts with some of them resembling island arc basalts. These observations suggest the water enrichment in the mantle source of continental basalts due to metasomatism by aqueous fluids and hydrous melts derived from dehydration and melting of deeply subducted crust. Mantle-derived megacrysts, minerals in xenoliths and phenocrysts in basalts from eastern China also exhibit largely variable hydrogen isotope compositions, indicating a large isotopic heterogeneity for the Cenozoic SCLM in eastern China. The water content that is higher than that of depleted MORB mantle and the hydrogen isotope composition that is deviated from that of depleted MORB mantle suggest that the Cenozoic continental lithospheric mantle suffered the metasomatism by hydrous melts derived from partial melting of the subducted Pacific slab below eastern China continent. The metasomatism would lead to the increase of water content in the SCLM base and then to the decrease of its viscosity. As a consequence, the SCLM base would be weakened and thus susceptible to tectonic erosion and delamination. As such, the crust-mantle interaction in oceanic subduction channel is the major cause for thinning of the craton lithosphere in North China. 相似文献
13.
(二)由新变晶大小估计地幔应力近些年来,据天然橄榄石的变形结构、显微亚构造及实验研究的结果,提出了多种估计上地幔应力的方法。Nicolas(1978)曾对此进行过综合评述。归纳起来有两类方法,一类是建立在位错显微构造基础上的方法,如根据橄榄石的位错密度和位错曲率与应力之间的经验关系或亚颗粒大小与应力之间的关系来估算应力值;另一类方法是由动力重结晶的橄榄石晶粒(新变晶)的大小来估计上地幔应力的方法。对同一样品采用上述诸方法常不能得到相 相似文献
14.
Deep xenoliths in alkalic porphyry, Liuhe, Yunnan, and implications to petrogenesis of alkalic porphyry and associated mineralizations 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Xianfan Liu Xinzhi Zhan Zhenmin Gao Jiajun Liu Chaoyang Li Wenchao Su 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1999,42(6):627-635
Na-rich microlite-glass is first discovered in deep-source xenoliths in alkali-rich porphyry, Liuhe village, Heqing County,
Yunnan Province. It is shown that the ultramafic xenoliths originated from partial melting of primary mantle and the glass
resulted from metasomatism between the xenoliths and mantle fluid derived from mantle degassing. Mantle metasomatism not only
resulted in the enrichment of alkaline, large-ion elements, ore metals and volatiles but also created a favorable condition
for the generation of alkaline magmas. The mantle xenoliths and their characteristics of mantle metasomatism provide important
evidence for a better understanding of the petrogenesis and mineralization of the Cenozoic alkali-rich porphyry in western
Yunnan. 相似文献
15.
16.
Gautam Sen 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1983,62(2):215-228
A petrological model for the uppermost upper mantle and crust under the Koolau shield to a depth of about 60 km has been derived on the basis of petrology of the upper mantle and crustal xenoliths in nephelinites of the Honolulu Volcanic Series. Three main xenolith suites exist in the Koolau shield: dunites, spinel lherzolites, and garnet-bearing pyroxenites. On the basis of mineralogy, it is inferred that the dunites represent cumulates in shallow crustal tholeiitic magma chambers, the spinel lherzolites form a thick (～ 40 km) layer in the upper mantle, and the garnet pyroxenite suite occurs as veins and stringers in the spinel lherzolites at about 60 km depth.The eruption sequence in a Hawaiian volcano, i.e., tholeiite → transitional basalt → alkali basalt, is generated by partial melting of a volatile-bearing garnet-lherzolite part of a lithospheric plate as it rides over a hot spot. If the tholeiite, transitional, and alkali basalts of Hawaiian volcanoes are generated at the same depth, then the observed sequence of lavas requires replenishment of the source area with volatiles and gradual decrease of the degree of partial melting with time. Post-erosional olivine nephelinites are produced from isotopically distinct, deeper source area, which may be the asthenosphere. 相似文献
17.
18.
In the Late Cenozoic West Carpatian alkali olivine basalts spinel peridotite xenoliths have been found. Their mineral composition corresponds to those found in this type of xenoliths in alkali basalts throughout the world (Mg-rich olivine, Cr-diopside, clinopyroxene, spinel). For the studied West Carpathian alkali olivine basalts kaersutite amphibole and clinopyroxene magacrysts are characteristic. The presence of the xenoliths under consideration in the boundary zone between Tatra and Pannonian blocks is the consequence of tectonic conditions (thickness of the Crust) in the area mentioned as distinct from the other West Carpathian areas of alkali olivine basalt occurrences. 相似文献
19.
Clinopyroxenes separated from two hydrous and four anhydrous ultramafic nodules, selected from a suit of xenoliths from Dreiser Weiher (DW), West Germany, have been studied for Nd and Sr isotopic composition. Nd exhibits a range of εJUV(T) from 0 to +12.4 and 87Sr/86Sr varies between 0.70185 and 0.70400. TICE model ages for anhydrous nodules indicate that the mantle underlying DW was originally depleted ?2 AE ago. Correlation of 143Nd/144Nd with Sm/Nd in this group of samples suggests that a second partial melting event occurred about 560 m.y. ago resulting in LREE enrichment of at least part of the anhydrous mantle. During a later episode, probably contemporaneous with the eruption of the host basalt in Quaternary times, most of the spinel peridotitic upper mantle below DW was modified. This metasomatism led to hydration and incompatible element enrichment of originally anhydrous mantle. The isotopic data for the anhydrous nodules again demonstrate that oceanic-type mantle underlies at least some continental areas. It is apparent that the separation of subcontinental mantle regions from an initially chondritic reservoir may occur in several discrete episodes. However, differing histories of depletion and/or enrichment will produce isotopically distinct mantle reservoirs. Therefore, basalts extracted from these mantle reservoirs will scatter about an average Nd-Sr trend line reflecting the nature of the differentiation in their source regions. 相似文献
20.
Abstract Geochemical data on Baegryeong Island spinel peridotites found in Miocene alkali basalt provide the information for lithosphere composition, chemical processes, equilibrium pressure and temperature conditions. Spinel peridotite xenoliths, showing transitional textures between protogranular and porpyroclastic textures, were accidentally trapped by the ascending alkali basalt magma. The xenoliths originate at depths from 50 to 70 km with a temperature range from 800 to 1100°C. The variations of modal and mineral compositions of the spinel peridotite xenoliths indicate that the xenoliths have undergone 1–10% fractional melting. The spinel peridotites from Baegryeong Island have undergone cryptic mantle metasomatism subsequent to melt extraction. Metasomatic agent of enriched spinel peridotite xenoliths was carbonatite melt. 相似文献