共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
构建起双向耦合的液固两相流动旋涡动力学模型与数值方法;应用离散涡方法,计算非定常不稳定水流场;采用Lagrange方法模拟颗粒运动,颗粒对流体的反作用通过修正涡泡运动速度来实现。利用所建模型,计算了两种St数的泥沙粒子在圆柱绕流场中的运动。结果证明了液固两相流动中颗粒运动与旋涡存在着明确的相关结构:(1)当水沙混合物中的泥沙颗粒碰上旋涡时,泥沙颗粒被卷入旋涡中,被卷入旋涡中的泥沙颗粒在运动过程中始终分布于旋涡区;(2)均匀水沙混合物绕圆柱流动,由于流体流过圆柱时产生剧烈分离流动,使得在尾迹流内中等St数 (St～o (1))的泥沙颗粒从均匀水沙混合物中分离出来而往旋涡区聚集。 相似文献
2.
Amy L. Rechenmacher Sara Abedi Olivier Chupin Andr��s D. Orlando 《Acta Geotechnica》2011,6(4):205-217
Within shear bands in sands, deformation is largely non-affine, stemming primarily from buckling of well-known force chains
and also from vortex-like structures. In the spirit of current trends toward multiscale modeling, understanding the links
between these mesoscale deformational entities and corresponding macroscale response will form the basis for the next generation
of sand behavioral models and may also aid in efforts to understand jamming–unjamming transitions in dense granular flows
in general. Experimental methods to quantify and characterize such subscale kinematics, in particular in real sands, will
play critical roles in these efforts. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is a fast growing experimental technique to nondestructively
measure surface displacements from digital images. Here, DIC has been employed to identify and characterize the development
of vortex structures inside shear bands formed in dense sands during plane strain compression. A rigorous assessment of the
DIC method has been performed, in particular for subscale behavioral characterization in unbonded granular solids, and guidelines
are offered for accurate implementation. While DIC systematically overestimates shear band thickness, a methodology has been
devised to compensate for this overestimation. Shear band thickness for four different uniform sands were found to range between
6 and 9 grain diameters, and for a well-graded sand between 8 and 9.5 grain diameters. These determinations agree with visual
inspections of grain kinematics from the image data, as well as recent theoretical predictions. 相似文献
3.
The Dalongtan Reservoir Project is located in Jingxi County of Guangxi Autonomous Region; of which the masonry dam, is 249 meters long; it was completed and impounded in 1963. The dam foundation occurred a large number of water leakage; a number of vortex of leakage appeared; water flows under the dam into lower reaches. When emptying the reservoir, it is found that some karst collapses in the reservoir bottom. The past used conventional methods can only understand a single exploration drilling vertical direction of the geological conditions, not conducive to identify foundation for the development of horizontal and cave with broken spatial distribution. CT-between electromagnetic detection with drilling technology integration, it can make up for this deficiency. CT-between electromagnetic detection Dalongtan Reservoir dam foundation in the exploration of karst results show that this approach is feasible and effective. 相似文献
4.
Behaviour of particle-laden flows into the ocean: experimental simulation and geological implications 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The behaviour of subaerial particle-laden gravity currents (e.g. pyroclastic flows, lahars, debris flows, sediment-bearing floods and jökulhlaups) flowing into the sea has been simulated with analogue experiments. Flows of either saline solution, simple suspensions of silicon carbide (SiC) in water or complex suspensions of SiC and plastic particles in methanol were released down a slope into a tank of water. The excess momentum between subaerial and subaqueous flow is dissipated by a surface wave. At relatively low density contrasts between the tank water and the saline or simple suspensions, the flow mixture enters the water and forms a turbulent cloud involving extensive entrainment of water. The cloud then collapses gravitationally to form an underwater gravity current, which progresses along the tank floor. At higher density contrasts, the subaerial flow develops directly into a subaqueous flow. The flow slows and thickens in response to the reduced density contrast, which is driving motion, and then continues in the typical gravity current manner. Complex suspensions become dense flows along the tank floor or buoyant flows along the water surface, if the mixtures are sufficiently denser or lighter than water respectively. Flows of initially intermediate density are strongly influenced by the internal stratification of the subaerial flow. Material from the particulate-depleted upper sections of the subaerial flow becomes a buoyant gravity current along the water surface, whereas material from the particulate-enriched lower sections forms a dense flow along the tank floor. Sedimentation from the dense flow results in a reduction in bulk density until the mixture attains buoyancy, lifts off and becomes a secondary buoyant flow along the water surface. Jökulhlaups, lahars and debris flows are typically much denser than seawater and, thus, will usually form dense flows along the seabed. After sufficient sedimentation, the freshwater particulate mixture can lift off to form a buoyant flow at the sea surface, leading to a decoupling of the fine and coarse particles. Flood waters with low particulate concentrations (<2%) may form buoyant flows immediately upon entering the ocean. Subaerial pyroclastic flows develop a pronounced internal stratification during subaerial run-out and, thus, a flow-splitting behaviour is probable, which agrees with evidence for sea surface and underwater flows from historic eruptions of Krakatau and Mont Pelée. A pyroclastic flow with a bulk density closer to that of sea water may form a turbulent cloud, resulting in the deposition of much of the pyroclasts close to the shore. Dense subaqueous pyroclastic flows will eventually lift off and form secondary buoyant flows, either before or after the transformation to a water-supported nature. 相似文献
5.
As one of the most important mesoscale ocean features, the mesoscale eddies are omnipresent and have significant impact on the overlying atmosphere. Based on the comprehensive review of the influence of mesoscale eddies on the atmospheric boundary layer and the local circulation, the corresponding physical mechanisms and their impacts on weather systems were presented systematically. ①Eddy-induced SST anomalies may modify the surface wind speed, horizontal divergence, cloud and precipitation through turbulence heat flux anomalies. Meanwhile, additional secondary circulations arise over the eddies. What is more, there are obvious regional and seasonal differences for atmospheric responses. ② Studies in the South China Sea, the Kuroshio Extension region and the Southern Ocean indicate that atmospheric responses to mesoscale eddies can be explained by the changes of sea level pressure or the vertical momentum transport. These two mechanisms can be distinguished by the phase relationship between the atmospheric anomaly center and the eddy core. Diagnosis on the inner dynamical processes may draw better conclusions. ③The energy conversions are affected by mesoscale eddies, which may affect storm tracks and jet streams, and finally result in distant influences on weather patterns. Moreover, sea temperature anomalies from sea surface to the thermocline associated with mesoscale eddies have significant impacts on the intensification and the maintenance of tropical cyclones. 相似文献
6.
本文充分利用地表及地下井巷揭露资料，配合物探成果推测深部水文地质条件。利用同位素 18O分析结果量化各种水体补给量，然后利用数值模型检验、校正上述成果，优选水文地质参数并进一步预测深部中段涌水量。考虑到模拟过程中某些未知因素，或未来开拓过程中工程措施的影响，本文对预测结果进行了必要的讨论和修订。 相似文献
7.
V. A. Drozdov Dr. O. B. Glezer Dr. T. G. Nefedova Dr. I. V. Shabdurasulov Dr. 《GeoJournal》1992,27(2):169-178
The coastal zone of the Black Sea is viewed as marine terrestrial geosystem. Its sea and land parts are interconnected by intensive flows of matter, such as water run-off, aerial transfer of water vapour and salts, ingressions of sea water, mining of mineral resources and extraction of biotic resources, transportation of goods, etc. The zone includes the shelf and a belt of land within the boundaries of small coastal river basins. Specific combinations of various branches of the economy are typical for the coastal area in the whole and for its regional sections as well.This article largely treats the terrestrial part of the coastal zone of the Black Sea and provides information on the landscapes, the structure of land use and the ecological situation. The state of the coastal sea water and the entire water reservoir are dealt with in other articles of this issue ofGeoJournal. 相似文献
8.
在地下水扩散方程中,压力传导系数是描述地下水运动的重要参数。传统的方法是通过抽水或注水给地下水系统一个扰动,监测地下水水位的响应,由此计算含水层的压力传导系数。文章提出用潮汐衰减率方法识别含水层压力传导系数,其适用于滨海区承压含水层的参数识别。在推导出解析解的基础上,通过数值拟合、最小二乘法、牛顿迭代法求得含水层的压力传导系数,提出潮汐衰减率的概念,建立余切函数与潮汐衰减率的线性关系,用线性关系中的斜率和截距识别压力传导系数。用潮汐衰减率方法识别出的压力传导系数与其实际值相等,说明该方法是正确有效的。潮汐信号衰减率与海水振荡的余切函数线性相关。数值仿真表明,该方法可以准确地估算出含水层的压力传导系数。潮汐衰减率方法具有少打井,经济高效等优点。潮汐衰减率方法为实际工程应用提供了可靠的理论基础,它可以用于部分实际工程中。该方法的局限性在于需要提供含水层的部分参数,如含水层的长度、海水波动振幅、频率等。 相似文献
9.
基于粒子图像测速技术（Particle Image Velocimetry,PIV）对新型开孔桥墩周围的水流结构进行试验研究。通过分析开孔桥墩中轴面（y/b=0）处的立面流场和桥墩周围不同水深位置处的平面流场,探究开孔桥墩周围水流动力结构。试验结果表明,矩形开孔桥墩周围水流呈明显的三维结构特点。在桥墩上设置方孔,能有效地抑制墩前部分下降流的形成、降低墩前壅水的高度和改善墩侧水流流态,同时明显改变墩后尾流结构。方孔所在水深位置处（z/h=0.45）,墩侧低速区最大相对宽度以及墩后尾流区最大相对宽度与相对孔宽比（w/b）呈二次曲线关系,且相关关系密切。近水面处（z/h=0.75）,w/b=0.5条件下墩后旋涡对的相对长度为无孔时的70%;相反,近床面处（z/h=0.15）旋涡对的相对长度略有增加,但旋涡对的相对宽度一直保持在1左右。 相似文献
10.
A. P. Lisitzin Yu. K. Vasil’chuk V. P. Shevchenko N. A. Budantseva E. D. Krasnova A. N. Pantyulin A. S. Filippov Ju. N. Chizhova 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2013,449(2):406-412
This study aimed to analyze the oxygen isotope composition of water, ice, and snow in water bodies isolated from the White Sea and to identify the structural peculiarities of these pools during the winter period. The studies were performed during early spring in Kandalaksha Bay of the White Sea, in Velikaya Salma Strait and in Rugoserskaya Inlet. The studied water bodies differ in their degree of isolation from the sea. In particular, Ermolinskaya Inlet has normal water exchange with the sea; the Lake on Zelenyi Cape represents the first stage of isolation; i. e., it has permanent water exchange with the sea by the tide. Kislo-Sladkoe Lake receives sea water from time to time. Trekhtsvetnoe Lake is totally isolated from the sea and is a typical meromictic lake. Finally, Nizhnee Ershovskoe Lake exhibits some features of a saline water body. The oxygen isotope profile of the water column in Trekhtsvetnoe Lake allows defining three layers; this lake may be called typically meromictic. The oxygen isotope profile of the water column in Kislo-Sladkoe Lake is even from the surface to the bottom. The variability of δ18O is minor in Lake on Zelenyi Cape. A surface layer (0–1 m) exists in Nizhnee Ershovskoe Lake, and the oxygen isotope variability is well pronounced. Deeper, where the freshwater dominates, the values of ?18Îvary insignificantly disregarding the water depth and temperature. This fresh water lake is not affected by the seawater and is not stratified according to the isotope profile. It is found that applying the values of ?18Î and profiles of temperature and salinity may appear as an effective method in defining the water sources feeding the water bodies isolated from the sea environment. 相似文献
11.
孔间电磁波CT探测揭示水库坝基岩溶形态特征——以广西靖西大龙潭水库帷幕灌浆为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
广西靖西大龙潭水库枢纽,为浆砌石重力坝,坝轴线长249 工程于1963年竣工蓄水,同年坝基大量漏水,库内出现多处漏水漩涡,水从坝下穿流而过在下游涌出,当水库泄空后,发现库内有岩溶塌陷(落水洞)多处.以往采用常规的勘探方法仅能了解单个钻孔竖直方向的地质情况,不利于查清坝基横向连续发育的破碎带和溶洞空间分布.孔间电磁波CT探测技术与钻探相结合,正好可以弥补这方面的不足.孔间电磁波CT探测在大龙潭水库坝基的岩溶探测结果说明,这种方法可行有效,溶洞和破碎带探测结果还经过灌浆钻孔的验证. 相似文献
12.
中国沿海地区海水入侵机理及防治措施研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
早在1964年,中国大连市就发生了过量开采地下水引发的海水入侵现象。目前有十几座沿海城市发生了不同程度的海水入侵。海水入侵不仅恶化了滨海地区的生态环境,而且阻碍了沿海地区的经济发展。中国沿海地区海水入侵面积经历了20世纪80年代的快速增长后,近些年来呈缓慢增长态势,甚至有些地区海水入侵面积不再增加。为了深入了解海水入侵的机制,从20世纪70年代后期开始,有关学者相继开展了一系列研究,如通过水-岩间阳离子交换实验来了解海水入侵的地球化学作用,建立三维有限元变密度的过渡带数值模型模拟与预报海水入侵过程及发展趋势。为了预防和治理海水入侵,除了控制地下水开采量及开采布局外,沿海地区还园地制宜采取了相应的防治措施,包括人工补给、地下防渗帷幕、节水灌溉以及远距离调水等工程措施。 相似文献
13.
大气波导是对流层中具有异常大气折射率梯度的大气层,对于评估和预测电磁波传播和海上探测通信系统等具有重要的科学意义和应用价值.以海上发生的大气波导类型为线索总结了与大气波导相关的研究方法.在蒸发波导研究中以相似理论为基础,开发蒸发波导诊断模型为重点,开展区域海域适应性研究;海上悬空波导和表面波导从早期的定性分析到目前精确定量研究过程中,中尺度数值模式逐渐成为极其重要的研究手段,不仅提高了特定天气过程中大气波导模拟预测精度,而且在此基础上开展区域大气波导环境研究,分析其出现规律、气候原因等.针对海上大气波导研究现状,借鉴气象上的手段和技术,开展海上水文气象调查和电波传播实验,结合中尺度数值模式和海气耦合模式,采用同化技术和集合预报等手段,提高海上低空大气波导量化精度. 相似文献
14.
Desalination alters a basic premise of water geography – fresh water flows from the sea inward, rather than the other way around. But, is this observation important? To address this question it is necessary to identify the potential ramifications of the changes in the water geography brought about by desalination. Israel is used as a basis for identifying these ramifications as it has recently embarked on a large-scale desalination program. The direct readily observable implications of the three main attributes of desalination, the reversal of flow direction, the continuity of water production, regardless of weather and climate vagrancies, and its cost are first spelled out. Then the potential ramifications for internal power structures, pricing and transboundary water agreements are discussed for the Israeli and Israeli–Arab scene. It is shown that the spatial flexibility introduced by desalination may undermine existing power relations within the water sector, which were based on the previous water geography. In the Israeli case these changes may be used to undermine the monopoly power of the national water company and of its organized labor, thereby advancing a neoliberal agenda. Desalination may have also significant distributional implications, as a function of the pricing effects it may have. Finally, the new water geography raises new issues in the Israeli–Arab water scene. The general insights gained from the Israeli case are then spelled out. 相似文献
15.
16.
Joseph L. Graf 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1978,42(12):1845-1850
Iron formations probably formed as chemical sediments when an Fe-rich solution entered the sedimentary environment. The REE patterns of such sediments are affected by the amount and type of precipitating and detrital phases, the REE pattern of the iron source solution, the REE pattern of the sea water into which the solution flows, and the mixing which takes place between input solution and sea water. What is known about the different types of iron formation suggests that all of these factors may vary from one type to another. Therefore, variations in REE patterns cannot be attributed solely to changes in sea water REE patterns. Comparison of the REE patterns of Archean and Ordovician iron formations of the Algoma type shows that similar iron formations have similar REE patterns regardless of age. This implies similar genetic histories. 相似文献
17.
主要讨论宇宙射线成因核素10Be（T 1/2＝ 1．5Ma）在大洋边缘海洋学尤其是中国近海海洋研究中的应用。在过去的近20年中，在中国开展的10Be研究在黄土堆积年龄及地层对比方面获得了诸多成果，但在海洋方面的应用研究距国际水平仍有一定的差距，尚需进一步加强。综述了海洋环境中10Be作为一个地球化学示踪剂的研究现状，着重介绍10Be在中国东部海域的收支平衡模式以及讨论10Be在太平洋西部边缘海及岛弧地区的应用前景。 相似文献
18.
Tkachenko A. N. Tkachenko O. V. Lychagin M. Yu. Kasimov N. S. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2017,474(1):587-590
This paper presents the calculated heavy metal (Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr, Co, Cd, and Pb) flows in suspended and dissolved forms in the main navigable branches of the Don and Kuban river deltas during the low-water period of 2013–2014. This work is based on the data of field studies in which water and suspended matter samples were collected and the turbidity and water discharge in deltas were measured. A quantitative estimate of heavy metal inflows into the deltas of the Don and Kuban rivers is provided. Transformation of flows of suspended and dissolved metal forms from the delta top to the sea edge is discussed. The influence of localities (Rostov-on-Don, Temryuk) on the increase in heavy metal flows downstream is shown, and the heavy metal flows in the deltas of the Don and Kuban rivers are compared.
相似文献19.
楚科奇海融冰过程中的海水结构研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
楚科奇海是北冰洋的陆架海,中部凸起的Herald浅滩对海水流动和海冰融化过程有显著影响。利用我国1999年夏季北冰洋考察数据,讨论了楚科奇海海冰融化过程中的海水结构。结果表明,海区内存在2个相继进入的水团,一个是海冰覆盖期进入的阿纳德尔水(AW),具有低温、高盐、高硅酸盐的特点;另一个是海冰融化后进入的白令海陆架水(BSW),具有高温、低盐、低硅酸盐的特点。在开阔水域,表层水温度达到7℃以上,高于当地气温,是当地太阳辐射的加热作用形成的。开阔海域的水体向冰下扩展,表层水温在1℃以上,形成冰下暖水区,加速了海冰的融化;Her-ald浅滩阻挡了海水的流动形成绕流,其北部处于绕流的死角,表层水温在-1℃以下,形成冰下冷水区。在开阔海域,上层海水的混合深度达到15~20 m,而渗入冰下的暖水深度小于5 m,体现了海冰对暖水渗入的阻滞作用。所有海冰覆盖站位10 m层的叶绿素-a含量都很高,表明冰下海水处于浮游植物大量繁殖的状态,有可能对海水吸收热量和海冰融化产生显著的影响。 相似文献
20.
路基冻胀问题严重影响寒区高速铁路的安全服役,而成冰相变过程是解释冻胀机制的关键。基于介观尺度的格子Boltzmann方法,将修正的孔隙水冻结温度算法与焓法固液相变格子Boltzmann模型相结合,模拟了悬浮液滴冻结和冻土孔隙水成冰两个过程,分别揭示了液态水在自由状态和孔隙束缚状态下冰水相变的细观机制。计算结果表明：土体孔隙中冰晶由中心向外生长的过程与悬浮在空气中的液滴冻结过程截然不同,并且孔隙水越接近颗粒表面,其冻结温度越低。相同粒径颗粒按照不同排列方式得到的冻结特征曲线（soil freezing characteristic curves,简称SFCC）具有明显差异;不同粒径的SFCC随着颗粒增大残余水含量逐渐变少,形态更加陡峭。通过与文献试验结果对比,验证了格子Boltzmann方法的有效性,表明该方法能够为研究多孔介质水气迁移与相变过程提供介观尺度的新手段。 相似文献