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1.
基于垂直带谱的南北过渡带1:5万植被类型图遥感制图研究——以太白山为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
The compilation of 1:250,000 vegetation type map in the North-South transitional zone and 1:50,000 vegetation type maps in typical mountainous areas is one of the main tasks of Integrated Scientific Investigation of the North-South Transitional Zone of China.In the past,vegetation type maps were compiled by a large number of ground field surveys.Although the field survey method is accurate,it is not only time-consuming,but also only covers a small area due to the limitations of physical environment conditions.Remote sensing data can make up for the limitation of field survey because of its full coverage.However,there are still some difficulties and bottlenecks in the extraction of remote sensing information of vegetation types,especially in the automatic extraction.As an example of the compilation of 1:50,000 vegetation type map,this paper explores and studies the remote sensing extraction and mapping methods of vegetation type with medium and large scales based on mountain altitudinal belts of Taibai Mountain,using multi-temporal high resolution remote sensing data,ground survey data,previous vegetation type map and forest survey data.The results show that:1)mountain altitudinal belts can effectively support remote sensing classification and mapping of 1:50,000 vegetation type map in mountain areas.Terrain constraint factors with mountain altitudinal belt information can be generated by mountain altitudinal belts and 1:10,000 Digital Surface Model(DSM)data of Taibai Mountain.Combining the terrain constraint factors with multi-temporal and high-resolution remote sensing data,ground survey data and previous small-scale vegetation type map data,the vegetation types at all levels can be extracted effectively.2)The basic remote sensing interpretation and mapping process for typical mountains is interpretation of vegetation type-groups→interpretation of vegetation formation groups,formations and subformations→interpretation and classification of vegetation types&subtypes,which is a combination method of top-down method and bottom-up method,not the top-down or the bottom-up classification according to the level of mapping units.The results of this study provide a demonstration and scientific basis for the compilation of large and medium scale vegetation type maps. 相似文献
2.
Demand for food plays an important role in the adjustment of prices for agricultural products and for adjusting agricultural structure.By using the extended linear expenditure system(ELES),we analyzed the food consumption structure of rural residents in the Ganzhou district of Zhangye city,and determined the basic food-consumption demand,the marginal propensity of consumption,the income elasticities of demand,and the own-price and cross-price elasticities of local rural residents,all of which illustrate the influencing factors on food consumption of rural residents and for forecasting the food-consumption structure.Those analyses show the following:the rural residents’ expenditure on household basic food consumption reaches about 7,050.35 Yuan;the marginal propensities of consumption of fruits and vegetables are relatively high(0.062 and 0.106,respectively),followed by meat(0.044);the demands for various foods are increasing as income increases,with the largest income elasticity of demand corresponding to fruits(1.354) and the lowest to cereal(0.310);fruits and vegetables have relatively high own-price elasticities(respectively-0.879 and-0.442),with the cereal having the lowest one(-0.184).An increase in cereal prices would greatly affect demand for other products;with the rising size of rural households,the consumption for meat is decreasing whereas it is increasing for cereal.The improvement of household education levels will lead to the increase of fruit consumption(E = 0.297),which indicates that people will pay more attention to diet and nutrition structure with the improvement of education.Further,although the amount of cereal expenditure is continually growing,the share will be declining with the increase of household income in 2006-2012.For all these reasons,therefore,the government should encourage the cultivation of economic crops and guide the development of stockbreeding to ensure the stability of cereal output.In order to attain the balance between supply and demand,it is important to rationally a 相似文献
3.
Urban resilience is an emerging research topic of urban studies, and its essence is described by the ability of cities to resist, recover, and adapt to uncertain disturbances. This paper constructs a "Size-Density-Morphology" urban ecological resilience evaluation system, uses a coupling coordination degree model to measure the degree of coupling coordination between urbanization and ecological resilience in the Pearl River Delta from 2000 to 2015, and conducts an in-depth discussion on its spatiotemporal characteristics. The results show the following.(1) From 2000 to 2015, the urbanization level of cities in the study area generally increased while the level of ecological resilience declined. The coupling coordination degree between the two systems decreased from basic coordination to basic imbalance.(2) In terms of spatial distribution, the coupling coordination degree between urbanization and ecological resilience of cities presented a circular pattern that centered on the cities at the estuary of the Pearl River and increased toward the periphery.(3) Ecological resilience sub-systems played variable roles in the coupling coordination between urbanization and ecological resilience. Specifically, size resilience mainly played a reverse blocking role;the influence of morphology resilience was generally positive and continued to increase over time;the effect of density resilience was positive and continued to decline and further became negative after falling below zero. The main pathways for achieving coordinated and sustainable development of future urbanization and ecological resilience in the Pearl River Delta include: leading the coordinated development of regions with new urbanization, improving ecological resilience by strictly observing the three areas and three lines, adapting to ecological carrying capacity, and rationally arranging urban green spaces. 相似文献
4.
Climate change resulting from CO_2 emissions has become an important global environmental issue in recent years.Improving carbon emission performance is one way to reduce carbon emissions.Although carbon emission performance has been discussed at the national and industrial levels,city-level studies are lacking due to the limited availability of statistics on energy consumption.In this study,based on city-level remote sensing data on carbon emissions in China from 1992–2013,we used the slacks-based measure of super-efficiency to evaluate urban carbon emission performance.The traditional Markov probability transfer matrix and spatial Markov probability transfer matrix were constructed to explore the spatiotemporal evolution of urban carbon emission performance in China for the first time and predict long-term trends in carbon emission performance.The results show that urban carbon emission performance in China steadily increased during the study period with some fluctuations.However,the overall level of carbon emission performance remains low,indicating great potential for improvements in energy conservation and emission reduction.The spatial pattern of urban carbon emission performance in China can be described as"high in the south and low in the north,"and significant differences in carbon emission performance were found between cities.The spatial Markov probabilistic transfer matrix results indicate that the transfer of carbon emission performance in Chinese cities is stable,resulting in a"club convergence"phenomenon.Furthermore,neighborhood backgrounds play an important role in the transfer between carbon emission performance types.Based on the prediction of long-term trends in carbon emission performance,carbon emission performance is expected to improve gradually over time.Therefore,China should continue to strengthen research and development aimed at improving urban carbon emission performance and achieving the national energy conservation and emission reduction goals.Meanwhile,neighboring cities with different neighborhood backgrounds should pursue cooperative economic strategies that balance economic growth,energy conservation,and emission reductions to realize low-carbon construction and sustainable development. 相似文献
5.
The Yangtze River Delta(YRD) is a region in China with a serious contradiction between economic growth and environmental pollution. Exploring the spatiotemporal effects and influencing factors of air pollution in the region is highly important for formulating policies to promote the high-quality development of urban industries. This study uses the spatial Durbin model(SDM) to analyze the local direct and spatial spillover effects of industrial transformation on air pollution and quantifies the contribution of each factor. From 2008 to 2018, there was a significant spatial agglomeration of industrial sulfur dioxide emissions(ISDE) in the YRD, and every 1% increase in ISDE led to a synchronous increase of 0.603% in the ISDE in adjacent cities. The industrial scale index(ISCI) and industrial structure index(ISTI), as the core factors of industrial transformation, significantly affect the emissions of sulfur dioxide in the YRD, and the elastic coefficients are 0.677 and-0.368, respectively. The order of the direct effect of the explanatory variables on local ISDE is ISCI>ISTI>foreign direct investment(FDI)>enterprise technological innovation(ETI)>environmental regulation(ER)> per capita GDP(PGDP). Similarly, the order of the spatial spillover effect of all variables on ISDE in adjacent cities is ISCI>PGDP>FDI>ETI>ISTI>ER, and the coefficients of the ISCI and ISTI are 1.531 and 0.113, respectively. This study contributes to the existing research that verifies the environmental Kuznets curve in the YRD, denies the pollution heaven hypothesis, indicates the Porter hypothesis, and provides empirical evidence for the formation mechanism of regional environmental pollution from a spatial spillover perspective. 相似文献
6.
The Yangtze River Watershed in China is a climate change hotspot featuring strong spatial and temporal variability;hence, it poses a certain threat to social development. Identifying the characteristics of and regions vulnerable to climate change is significantly important for formulating adaptive countermeasures. However, with regard to the Yangtze River Watershed, there is currently a lack of research on these aspects from the perspective of natural and anthropogenic factors. To address this issue, in this study, based on the temperature and precipitation records from 717 meteorological stations, the RClim Dex and random forest models were used to assess the spatiotemporal characteristics of climate change and identify mainly the natural and anthropogenic factors influencing climate change hotspots in the Yangtze River Watershed for the period 1958-2017. The results indicated a significant increasing trend in temperature, a trend of wet and dry polarization in the annual precipitation, and that the number of temperature indices with significant variations was 2.8 times greater than that of precipitation indices. Significant differences were also noted in the responses of the climate change characteristics of the sub-basins to anthropogenic and natural factors;the delta plain of the Yangtze River estuary exhibited the most significant climate changes, where 88.89% of the extreme climate indices varied considerably. Furthermore, the characteristics that were similar among the identified hotpots, including human activities(higher Gross Domestic Product and construction land proportions) and natural factors(high altitudes and large proportions of grassland and water bodies), were positively correlated with the rapid climate warming. 相似文献
7.
《地理学报》1947,(Z1)
1. Location and Historical Development Chengtu, the capital city of western Szechwan, is located on the lower part of the Min and Tu alluvial fan (Fig.1) which has an area of about 6,000 sq.km., and is the most fertile irrigated fields of the western China. The autbor discusses the location and site of the city to compare with other cities on the alluvial fan, and finds that the selection and development of Chengtu as a capital city is due chiefly to the reason that it is situated at the terminus point o... 相似文献
8.
中国山地范围界定的初步意见 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
中国山地的范围一直缺乏可操作的、准确的量化方法,从而导致对山地及其内部资源、环境、人口和发展问题认识的不全面.同时,准确界定山地范围是实施数字山地战略的一项基础性工作.在前人研究的基础上,采用两种方案确定中国山地范围.方案一:将满足以下两种情况的国土界定为山地,1)海拔≥3 000 m;2)海拔≥1300～3 000 m,同时相对高差>200 m或坡度>25°.根据此标准计算,中国山地面积为4 000 265 km2,占中国陆地面积的41.67%.方案二:根据UNEP-WCMC的标准,将满足下述情况的国土定义为山地,1)海拔≥2 500 m;2)海拔≥1 500～2 500 m,坡度≥2°;3)海拔≥1 000～1 500 m,坡度≥5°或相对高差≥300 m;4)海拔≥300～1 000 m,相对高差≥300 m.根据此标准计算,中国山地面积为4 426 130 km2占中国陆地面积的46.11%.按两种方法计算所得的分省山地面积中,前5名都是西藏、青海、新疆、四川和云南.将两种方案计算的山地面积按高程划分为六级:①300～1 000 m(含300 m),②1 000～1 500 m(含1 000 m),③1 500～2 500 m(含1 500 m),④2 500～3 500 m(含2 500 m),⑤3 500～4 500 m(含3 500 m),⑥≥4 500 m.根据两种方案的定义,海拔3 500 m以上的山地面积相等;除了方案-在300～1 000 m间山地较方案二多324 508 km2外,其余几个级别山地的面积均为方案二大于方案-的山地面积,其中2 500～3 500 m间多133 432 km2,1 500～2 500 m间多336 186 km2,1 000～1 500 m间多282 273 km2. 相似文献
9.
The concept of‘Beautiful China'is a new goal of ecological construction in the new era of socialism and aims to meet the needs of people as they strive for a better life.National land spatial planning is one major component of the Chinese state's overall planning for various spatial types.The concept of‘Beautiful China'is thus a leading goal of Chinese development in the second centenary.The background of this concept aims for‘ecological beauty'as well as the combined beauty of‘economy-politics-culture-society-ecology.'The construction of‘Beautiful China'therefore necessitates a differentiated evaluation index system that is built on the basis of local conditions.This concept is intimately related to land spatial planning and the idea of Beautiful China guides an important direction for this planning which itself provides an important mechanism and spatial guarantee for construction.The establishment of land spatial planning nevertheless needs to strengthen further discussion of the regional system of human-land relationship,point axis system,main functional division,sustainable development,resources and environmental carrying capacity as well as new urbanization,and the rural multi-system.The aim of this paper is to summarize current thinking in land spatial planning,scientifically analyze the natural geographical conditions,the socioeconomic development,the interrelationship of the land space,plan the goal,vision and path of land space,encourage the public to participate in and carry out dynamic evaluation,build an intelligent system platform for land and spatial planning to realize the goal of‘Beautiful China'from a geographical perspective.And they can also present key ideas relating to the compilation and implementation of land spatial planning. 相似文献
10.
中国欠发达地区可持续减贫与绿色发展研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
In 2020, the decisive victory of building a moderately well-off society in all aspects means that absolute poverty in rural China has been completely eliminated. Consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and establishing a long-term mechanism to solve relative poverty have become key issues in high-quality development of underdeveloped areas. In this study, human-earth system is employed to analyze the element composition, structural organization and functional state of underdeveloped areas. The results show that poverty in underdeveloped areas stems from the lack of the coupling and coordinating mechanism among human, economic, resource and environmental elements, which is not conducive to transforming the ecological advantages into the advantages of regional development. In the antipoverty stage, underdeveloped areas innovate the human-earth coupling and coordinating mechanism through a series of targeted measures, promote the organic combination of poverty alleviation, ecological conservation and sustainable development, and boost the transformation of regional development and the increase of farmers’ incomes. Focusing on the 14 th Five-year Plan(2021–2025) and the long-term goal of 2035, governments in underdeveloped areas should make full use of the policy support to explore scientific methods of modern governance and sustainable development. In particular, it is necessary to practice the concept that "clear waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" and take the road of the ecologicalization of industry and the industrialization of ecology by establishing a policy system of "green land", "green people", "green industry" and "green right", thus building an endogenous growth mechanism of sustainable poverty alleviation and green development in China’s underdeveloped areas. 相似文献
11.
中国县域城镇化水平的综合评价及类型区划分 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：12
以县为基本单元,从人口、经济和社会三方面构建中国县域城镇化水平的综合评价体系;利用熵值法对县级单元的综合城镇化水平及其子系统水平进行评价,构建城镇化类型区;基于偏相关系数测度各类型区的城镇化驱动力;结合空间自相关方法对综合城镇化水平进行分区。结果表明:人口和经济是反映中国县域城镇化水平的两大子类型;综合城镇化水平的空间分布呈明显的行政等级性;划分全国为人口城镇化滞后型、经济社会城镇化滞后型、人口—经济社会城镇化滞后型和综合城镇化非滞后型四大城镇化类型区;不同类型区的驱动力不同,市场力和行政力是全国层面的两大驱动因素;采用空间自相关方法对人文地理领域进行分区研究,中国人口城镇化分区模式为北高南低,经济城镇化分区模式为东高西低。 相似文献
12.
This paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system for the urbanization level in China in terms of four aspects of urbanization connotation: population, economy, society, and land. A comprehensive measurement is carried out for the Chinese urbanization between 1981 and 2006 based on the Entropy method. The results show that the comprehensive level of urbanization in China has a continuous increase with the major features of economic growth and a rapid evolution of the geographical landscape, followed by population urbanization and then social urbanization of health care standard; the distinguished evolutional characteristics can also be found in each of the subsystems. The integrated evolution of urbanization has a profound effect on the resources, energy and the environment, making the land resources and energy security situation under severe pressure. The environment pressure is also increased further. 相似文献
13.
The comprehensive evaluation of China＇s urbanization and effects on resources and environment 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
This paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system for the urbanization level in China in terms of four aspects
of urbanization connotation: population, economy, society, and land. A comprehensive measurement is carried out for the Chinese
urbanization between 1981 and 2006 based on the Entropy method. The results show that the comprehensive level of urbanization
in China has a continuous increase with the major features of economic growth and a rapid evolution of the geographical landscape,
followed by population urbanization and then social urbanization of health care standard; the distinguished evolutional characteristics
can also be found in each of the subsystems. The integrated evolution of urbanization has a profound effect on the resources,
energy and the environment, making the land resources and energy security situation under severe pressure. The environment
pressure is also increased further. 相似文献
14.
近30 a新疆城市化与生态环境互动关系的动态计量分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以新疆为例,首先运用熵值法对1978—2009年间的城市化综合水平与生态环境综合质量进行测度与分析,然后利用协整检验、Granger因果检验、脉冲响应函数及方差分解模型对两者之间的关系进行动态计量分析。研究发现,改革开放以来,新疆的城市化水平逐步提高,并以经济增长和土地非农化演进为主要特征,而生态环境综合质量及其分量指标则呈现出各自的变化特征。城市化水平与生态环境质量互为格兰杰因果关系,城市化综合水平指数是生态环境状态指数、生态环境响应指数的格兰杰原因。随着城市化水平的提升,生态环境综合质量指数和生态环境响应指数呈现先下降后不断上升的变化趋势。预测期内城市化对生态环境响应趋于低水平的稳定状态,现行的能源资源利用效率以及环保投资水平还没有起到有效改善生态环境质量的作用。从长期预测来看,城市化对生态环境的解释能力正在逐步提升,但是更应理性看待以城市化发展推动生态环境建设的措施。 相似文献
15.
以中国31个省域单元为例（未涉及港、澳、台地区）,从城市投入和产出2个基本维度上建立效率指标体系,应用改进DEA模型计算2000―2012年的省际城市化效率;并通过空间自相关分析模型、效率重心模型等方法对转型期中国省际城市化效率格局演变及成因展开实证探讨。研究表明：1）2000年以来中国省际城市化效率区域不均衡性显著,东部地区主要表现为技术效率驱动模式,而中西部地区表现为规模效率驱动模式;2）2000―2012年省际城市化综合效率、技术效率及规模效率全局上均呈现出正的空间自相关性,而局部上综合效率及规模效率具有相似集聚演化特征;城市化综合效率与技术效率的重心主要向东南方向偏移,而规模效率的重心主要向西南方向偏移;3）区位条件及禀赋、产业结构差异、区域发展政策及其市场化水平是影响转型期省际城市化效率空间格局演变的主要成因。 相似文献
16.
基于2010年第六次全国人口普查微观数据和夜间灯光数据等,运用多层级logistic回归模型估计中国城镇化水平和速度与老年人自评健康的关联,分析城镇化健康效应在不同老年人群体间的差异,并运用倾向得分匹配方法,控制“自选择”机制对分析结果的干扰。结果表明：1）中国县区城镇化水平和速度与老年人自评健康呈显著正相关关系,居住于城镇化水平中等和城镇化速度较快县区的老年人更可能自评为健康;2）城镇化水平和速度与老年人自评健康的关系在不同受教育程度和户口状态的老年人群体间存在显著差异,城镇化水平和速度对受教育程度较低、持有本地户口老年人健康水平的提升效益更大;3）控制了老年人居住“自选择”的干扰后,县区城镇化水平和速度与老年人自评健康的正向关联依然稳健,表明“自选择偏误”对中国县区城镇化水平和速度与老年人自评健康的关系没有显著的影响。 相似文献
17.
中国城市化发展质量的综合测度与提升路径 总被引：18，自引：4，他引：14
城市化质量是经济城市化质量、社会城市化质量和空间城市化质量的有机统一,城市化发展质量的提升是加快推进我国城市化进程健康发展的关键。本文借助象限图法,通过对城市化质量、速度与城市化水平互动协调关系的分析,从经济、社会、空间三方面提出了由三类指标、12项具体指标组成的城市化发展质量综合测度的三维指标球及判别标准值,引进阿特... 相似文献
18.
19.
构建由41个三级指标组成的城镇化与经济发展的综合评价指标体系,通过熵值法计算城镇化与经济发展各子系统指标的权重以及两大系统的综合发展水平指数,并使用耦合协调度模型分析新疆经济发展与城镇化系统耦合协调度在1990—2014年间的演变情况。研究结果表明:经济发展系统中经济规模和经济质量的权重高于经济结构;城镇化系统中土地城镇化和人口城镇化的权重明显高于产业城镇化、生活城镇化和生态城镇化。1990—2014年新疆经济发展和城镇化关系经历了从低度耦合到中度耦合再到高度耦合3个阶段。 相似文献
20.
对新疆县域城镇化发展水平进行综合测度及空间分异格局进行分析,能够更好地促进新疆县域城镇化的发展,从而更好地带动新疆社会经济的发展。依据城镇化的丰富内涵,选取复合指标体系,运用熵值法对新疆县域城镇化水平进行综合测度;结合GIS自然断裂点分类法,运用SPSS中的系统聚类对新疆县域城镇化水平进行了分类。结果表明：新疆县域城镇化水平空间差异明显,北疆县域综合城镇化水平高于南疆县域综合城镇化水平,综合城镇化水平的高值区呈现出“东北-西南”一线方位上,呈倒“U”型分布,而西北、东南方位则成为城镇化发展水平的“洼地”;从城镇化所包含的四个方面来看,北疆的人口城镇化、经济城镇化、地域景观城镇化均高于南疆同类城镇化水平,而在社会城镇化方面南疆则高于北疆。新疆县域综合城镇化水平并没有表现出集聚的特征,随机分布明显。把新疆县域城镇化水平划分为五类,这五种类型分别是：高城镇化水平类型区、中高城镇化水平类型区、中等城镇化水平类型区、中低城镇化水平类型区和低城镇化水平类型区。最后对影响县域城镇化发展水平的因素进行了分析。 相似文献