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1.
《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2016,(2)
为了探讨冬季香梨园覆盖棚内外的温、湿度变化规律,于2014—2015年库尔勒市上户镇哈拉苏村香梨园进行小气候观测试验,对2015年1月彩条布覆盖棚内部、外部气温、相对湿度的变化规律进行分析。结果表明:彩条布覆盖棚棚内气温高于棚外,日最低气温出现在09:00,棚内外气温变化主要受太阳辐射影响;棚内外低于-15℃的天数均15 d,低于-20℃的平均时长为5 h,最大持续时长为7 h;棚内日较差高于棚外,棚内外气温日较差变化趋势一致,棚内外0.4 m高度的降温幅度分别为0.30℃/d(P=0.001)、0.23℃/d(P=0.006),棚内外3 m高度的降温幅度分别为0.28℃/d(P=0.006)、0.23℃/d(P0.001);棚内日平均相对湿度高于棚外,在两个高度下,棚内外日平均相对湿度变化趋势相似,随着高度的增加日平均相对湿度逐渐减小,棚内外月平均相对湿度70%,除了棚内3 m高度外,棚内外的日平均相对湿度呈显著的增湿趋势。 相似文献
2.
天山中段雪岭云杉森林冬春季小气候变化特征分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用天山中段雪岭云杉林区连续气象观测资料,初步分析了林内外冬、春季小气候特征的变化规律。结果表明,雪岭云杉林对小气候特征存在明显影响,冬、春季林内平均气温、地表温度相对林外均明显偏低,相对湿度均显著大于林外;林内同林外比,冬季、春季气温偏低分别在1.3~1.7℃、0.5~1.2℃之间,且林内气温日较差和相对湿度变化幅度明显小于林外。林内风速小,日变化不明显,静风的频率最大;冬、春季林外平均风速分别为2.0 m/s、2.5 m/s,而林内分别为0.2、0.3 m/s。 相似文献
3.
桂南地区春季三连栋塑料大棚小气候特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对桂南地区春季三连栋塑料大棚内外的光、温、湿特征进行观测分析,结果表明:棚内透光率很低,仅为40%～48%,多云天气相对最高,阴天最低,棚内透光率低对降低地温影响明显,使晴天及多云天气在温度较高的10～16时前后地温出现"温度逆转"现象,最大降幅超过7℃,但对气温影响不明显;棚内日平均气温增温0.9～2.1℃,晴天最大,阴天最小;棚内各土层平均增温值随土深而增大,20cm处增温最大,达3.0～4.4℃,但晴天与多云天气棚内地表0cm出现负增温,晴天高达2.4℃,多云天为0.2℃,10～16时最大降幅达6～12℃;多云天与阴天日平均相对湿度棚内均高于棚外4%～6%,晴天无差异,但增湿效果在各时次分布极不均匀.文章还通过数理分析,建立了棚内外150cm光照与气温相关方程. 相似文献
4.
大棚小气候特征及其与大气候的关系 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
为了提高大棚揭闭膜气象服务的针对性,对武汉城郊冬春季棚内外气温、地温进行了逐时对比观测试验,利用相关分析及逐步回归分析方法,分3种天气类型对棚内气温、地温观测数据进行了计算分析.结果表明,在晴好天气下大棚、双层膜最高气温分别比棚外大气最高气温高20、24℃左右,夜间温度分别比棚外大气高0.8～3.5℃、3.5～6.5℃,棚内温度日较差在晴好天气下高达30～35℃,气温变化剧烈,一天内可能既要防范高温热害,又要防御低温危害.白天棚内气温与大气温度、太阳高度角关系密切,夜间气温以及10cm地温与大气温度相关显著,并由此建立了棚内气温、地温统计数学模型.利用该模型可以准确地推算或预测大棚内逐时气温、地温变化,为菜农提供大棚揭闭膜气象服务. 相似文献
5.
采用西南地区巫溪大官山同一坡面10个不同海拔高度梯度观测站2019~2020年逐小时温湿观测资料,分析了气温、气温直减率、日较差和相对湿度的梯度变化特征。结果表明:观测期间,气温随海拔升高而降低,海拔2000 m以上区域秋、冬季常出现逆温或同温现象;年平均气温递减率为0.57℃/100 m,最大值出现在3月和9月,分别为0.63℃/100 m和0.62℃/100 m,2月最低为0.49℃/100 m;日较差总体随海拔升高而减小,但在海拔1065~1222 m,出现了日较差随海拔升高而快速下降的突变区;年、春季在海拔1222~2180 m,秋季在海拔1222~2550 m,出现了日较差相对稳定层,其它季节不太明显。在海拔1670 m以下区域,年相对湿度为78.5%,夏季最大（85.3%）,秋季次之（82%）,冬季再次（74.3%）,春季最低（72.3%）;随着海拔升高云雾出现频率增大,年和各季相对湿度均随之增大;海拔1670~1930 m为突变区间,相对湿度迅速增加,在海拔1930~2550 m,年、春、夏、秋季处于云中的时间较多,相对湿度变化不大;冬季由于云层低,海拔较高的区域常处于云的上方,相对湿度随海拔升高反而有所减小。 相似文献
6.
库车站和新建机场气象要素特征对比分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对新建机场观测站和库车测站2006—2008年资料对比分析,结果表明：（1）库车站与新建机场平均、最高、最低气温的平均差值分别为-0.5℃、-0.9℃、0.1℃,且达到0.01显著性相关水平,最高气温偏高造成新机场比库车本站日较差要偏大;（2）新建机场风速大于库车站,风大、气温偏高造成新机场蒸发较快,水汽压和相对湿度偏... 相似文献
7.
邢台市气温日较差的变化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用1954—2011年邢台市逐日平均气温、最高气温和最低气温资料,对邢台市气温日较差的变化特征及其影响因子进行了分析。结果表明：（1）近58a来,邢台市年平均气温日较差为10．9℃,呈明显下降趋势,变化速率为-0．683℃／lOa;四季平均气温日较差中,春季最大,夏季最小,且均呈下降趋势,其中冬季下降幅度最大,夏季最小;1—12月气温日较差中,5月最大,8月最小,均呈显著下降趋势,1月气温日较差下降幅度最大。（2）年气温日较差在近58a存在15a的低频振荡周期和4～7a的高频振荡周期,并在1972、1981、1995年发生突变,在突变点前后,年平均气温日较差均表现为增加珲仃减少趋势,且年气温日较差在突变年呈阶梯下降趋势。（3）最低、最高气温非对称的变化是气温日较差下降的直接原因。另外,年气温日较差与日照时数和平均风速呈显著正相关,与总云量、水汽压呈显著负相关,与降水量几乎不相关。邢台市气温日较差显著减小,对各类作物的产量、品质有不利影响,但冬季气温日较差的下降减少了果树冻害发生。 相似文献
8.
珠穆朗玛峰地区由于其独特的自然地理条件、举世无双的高度、脆弱而敏感的环境使其成为气候变化和环境变迁的敏感区.根据2007年5月至2008年8月在珠穆朗玛峰北坡地区7个不同海拔高度观测的逐时气温和空气湿度资料分析了该地区气温和湿度的时空变化特征.结果表明,在海拔5207、5792和5955m高度处的年平均气温分别为0.2、-4.4和-5.4℃,最高气温分别为14.6、9.1和18,6℃,最低气温分别为-24.2、-28.8和- 29.3℃;除在冰川表面以外,空气相对湿度随海拔高度的升高没有明显变化.气温和相对湿度的年变化幅度随海拔高度的升高而减小.由于冰面近地层逆温层顶部暖空气与冷空气的混合作用造成其最高气温出现时间晚于其他下垫面.年平均温度递减率为(0.72±0.01)℃/100 m,并且呈现出明显的季节变化特征.同时结合定日气象站1959--2007年的气温和降水资料,探讨了对珠穆朗玛峰北坡绒布冰川变化的影响. 相似文献
9.
采用经验频率分布、趋势分析等统计分析方法,分析了庐山气象站2005-2015年云海时间变化特征及其与气温、相对湿度和风向风速等气象要素的关系。结果表明：（1）庐山云海平均年日数为133.73 d,最多年份为172 d（2005年）,最少年份为106 d（2012年）,云海日数呈递减趋势。（2）庐山云海适宜的气象条件为：平均气温8.7~21.0℃,最高气温12.7~24.7℃,最低气温5.7~18.6℃,相对湿度 ≥ 82%,风速1.9~4.8 m·s-1,风向为SSE和S。和无云海时相比,有云海时气温要素整体偏高,相对湿度条件更好,风速频率分布接近。（3）在2005-2015年的云海日中,有效探空数据共1 840时次,其中500时次出现逆温,占27.2%;平均逆温层底高度为793.1 m,平均逆温层厚度为1 054.4 m,平均逆温强度为0.25℃·（100 m）-1,均大于无云海时的逆温参数。有云海时,逆温层底高度300~2 000 m和逆温强度大于等于0.4℃·（100 m）-1所占百分比较无云海时更大,表明有云海时逆温层底更高,逆温层更厚,逆温强度更强。 相似文献
10.
利用WRF模式对美国NCEP发布的CFS气候预测业务产品在中国区域内进行动力降尺度预报,可得到预报时效为45天的逐6小时、30 km分辨率基础气象要素预测产品。再利用全国气象站观测资料和3个风电场70 m高度风速、温度观测资料对2015年冬季预测结果进行检验评估和分析,最后通过线性方法对地面要素预测结果和70 m高度风速、温度预测结果进行统计订正。结果表明:（1）2 m温度和相对湿度的全国预报平均绝对误差分别为4.71 ℃和18.81%,在华东、华中和华南地区误差较小;（2）10 m风速预报平均绝对误差为2.42 m/s,在东北、华北和西北地区误差较小;（3）线性订正后,2 m气温、相对湿度和10 m风速的预报绝对误差分别减小1.05 ℃、5.29%和1.47 m/s,并且订正后误差随时间变化更平稳;（4）订正后70 m高度风速和温度的预报绝对误差均减小,风速平均误差减小最大可达1.29 m/s（B塔）,气温平均绝对误差减小最大可达3 ℃（C塔）。研究结果表明,基于CFS产品和WRF模式的、与月尺度风电预报关系密切的气象要素预报性能较好,未来可将该方法尝试于风电场的月尺度功率预测产品研发。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献