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1.
以MnSO4为原料,以空气为氧化剂在碱性条件下合成K型水钠锰矿,并进行离子交换实验。能谱结果显示:Ba2+、Pb2+、NH+4和Ag+能够全部置换层间的K;而Li+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Ni2+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Na+和Cd2+离子交换样品仍残留1%～3%的K。XRD和红外光谱结果显示,除Ag离子交换样品外,其它样品均保留了水钠锰矿的层状结构,但是离子交换过程中,矿物结晶度以及锰氧八面体的有序度均有一定程度的变化。差热-热重结果显示,离子交换样品在150～250℃和500～700℃有显著的物相变化和结构调整。层间离子半径和性质决定了高温相变产物。在650℃煅烧后,K+、Ba2+、Na+、Pb2+和Ag+等大半径离子交换样品生成具有(2×2)型或(3×3)型孔道矿物;而小半径离子不足以支撑水钠锰矿的层状结构,高温时发生分解生成低价态锰氧化物,其中Mg2+、Ca2+、Cd2+和Zn2+离子交换样品分解生成黑锰矿,Cu2+、Ni2+、Li+和NH+4离子交换样品则分解生成方铁锰矿。 相似文献
2.
提要：汤泉位于河北省遵化市西北部,为山前丘陵地貌,地热资源丰富。本文通过对该地区地热流体研究发现：Na+、Ca2+、K+、Mg2+与SO2-4、HCO-3、Cl-、NO-3是该地区地下热水的主要成分,水化学类型主要为SO2-4-Na+型,属于未污染的天然弱碱性水;流体中F-含量平均为9.36 mg/l,远高于国家地下水质量标准ⅴ级;可溶性SiO2的含量可作为地热温标;地热流体总矿化度平均为782.33 mg/l,属于淡水;为中等腐蚀型水,不结碳酸钙垢,无CaSO4?2H2O垢和SiO2垢生成的可能;地热流体属于含岩盐地层溶滤的陆相沉积水;根据氢氧稳定同位素可知,河北汤泉地热流体主要来源于大气降水。 相似文献
3.
【研究目的】为查明长春新区地下水特征及演化，支撑东北老工业基地建设。【研究方法】本文在调查取样的基础上，充分利用前人成果资料，应用SPSS分析软件、地下水污染分析软件，通过对长春新区的地质条件、水化学参数空间分布特征、地下水化学类型、地下水化学成因的分析，得出系列结果。【研究结果】长春新区地下水的硬度较高且矿化度较大，HCO3－在地下水的离子中占据主导，Ca2+、Cl-、O42-、Na+在地下水中的绝对质量浓度较高；pH、H2SiO3、Sr、TDS、Mg2+、HCO3－的质量浓度相对稳定；地下水离子以HCO3－和Ca2+为主；Na+和K+同时来自岩盐和硅酸岩的溶解；Ca2+和Mg2+主要来源于碳酸盐的溶解。区内地下水质量可分为四级，其中Ⅴ类水未评出。【结论】总体来看，Ⅰ类水占7.50%，Ⅱ类水占32.10%，Ⅲ类水占20.80%，Ⅳ类水占39.60%。较好以上地下水占60.4%，总体情况较好。创新点：研究了国家级新区的地下水化学、成因和演化，得出地下水的水质特征，有效支撑区域生态健康发展。 相似文献
4.
早子沟金矿地处夏河—合作—岷县区域性深大断裂带南侧,在时空上受断裂和壳幔混合岩浆双重控制。通过对矿床主要控矿因素、矿石稀土地球化学、流体包裹体及S、H、O、Pb同位素的系统研究,在探讨成矿流体来源的基础上,对地幔流体参与金矿成矿作用的可能性进行了探讨。研究表明：矿石稀土元素配分模式表现出轻稀土富集的特征;矿床流体包裹体气相成分主要为H2O和CO2,含少量CH4、N2等,液相成分阳离子以Na+、K+为主,含少量Ca2+ 、Mg2+,阴离子以SO42-、Cl-为主;黄铁矿、辉锑矿矿物的?啄34 Sv-CDT介于-10. 30‰ ~ -4. 9‰之间,平均-8. 33‰,反映成矿作用过程有地层硫的加入;氢、氧同位素显示成矿流体既有岩浆水和地幔初生水的参与,亦有大气降水的加入;矿石铅同位素组成显示铅来源于壳幔的混合。以上说明成矿流体具多源性,暗示地幔流体参与了矿床成矿作用。 相似文献
5.
贵阳市及邻近地区地表和地下水的化学与Sr同位素组成变化反映了典型喀斯特地区地表/地下水文系统的水-岩反应和城市污染特征:水体中的化学溶解物质主要来源于碳酸盐岩(石灰岩和白云岩)的风化作用和膏岩层的溶解,其次为人为污染物的输入;污染物以K+,Na+,Cl-,SO2-4,NO-3为主,枯水期因大气降水补给小而受人为活动影响较大;丰水期和枯水期地表/地下水的化学组成变化说明地表/地下水交换活跃,地下水环境容易受到人为活动影响。 相似文献
6.
[摘 要] 通过对埃子王家-原疃矿区流体包裹体岩相学、测温学及铅、硫同位素等的分析,研究其成矿流体性质和演化,并探讨矿床成矿流体和成矿物质来源,结果表明:①流体包裹体主要为气液两相包裹体;包裹体液相成分阳离子以K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+为主,阴离子以SO24、Cl-、F-为主;气相成分以H2O、CO2、CH4为主;②成矿流体均一温度、盐度分别为120～350℃,4. 26%～8. 66%,为中低温(200℃以下为70%)、低盐度的流体;③206Pb/204Pb 范围为16. 217～18. 034;207Pb/204Pb 范围为15.180～16.889;208Pb/204Pb 范围为36. 586～39. 987。分析认为,本区铅同位素来源应为壳幔混合源。 相似文献
7.
地质流体研究是地球科学领域的研究热点,矿物流体包裹体中成分是认识地质流体的关键。群体包裹体液相成分分析的传统方法大多采用单通道离子色谱分析阴离子,原子吸收光谱或电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析阳离子,分析方法适用矿物种类少,单矿物需要量大（3g以上）。本文使用双通道离子色谱仪,经过大量条件实验,优化了样品爆裂、提取等前处理分析条件,确认了不同矿物可检测的离子,并采用富集方法将样品需要量由常规的3.00g减少到300mg,实现了石英、方解石、萤石、闪锌矿、石榴子石、磁铁矿和黄铁矿等多种矿物流体包裹体液相成分中Li+、Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、F-、Cl-、Br-、NO2-、NO3-、SO42-等阴阳离子的同时分析。所建立的离子色谱同时分析矿物流体包裹体液相微量成分分析方法简便、快速,成本低,用样量少,扩大了矿物种类的分析范围,为成矿流体研究提供了更加直接、有效的信息。 相似文献
8.
根据X射线衍射(XRD)分析发现: A Fe3(SO4)2(OH)6(A=K+、H3O+)系列铁钒的XRD数据十分相近,难以用XRD区别,需通过能谱(EDS)辅助分析,才能区分此类铁矾。另外,此类铁矾的003和107面网间距d随K+含量增大而增大,且呈一元三次方程的关系;而033和220面网间距d随K+含量增大而减小,呈一元二次方程的关系。对该现象从铁矾晶体结构方面进行解释:K+、H3O+离子位于较大空隙中,且沿着Z轴方向排列,当K+、H3O+离子之间相互替换时,会导致该铁矾晶体结构在Z轴方向有较明显的变化。 相似文献
9.
为了研究祁连山大雪山地区大气PM2.5细粒子中可溶性无机离子组分的变化特征, 于2010年7月至2011年7月在祁连山冰川与生态环境综合观测站附近采集46个大气PM2.5的Telfon滤膜样品, 并应用离子色谱对可溶性离子进行了分析.结果显示: 所测样品的阴、 阳离子中, SO42-、 NO-3、 Ca2+和NH+4的质量浓度分别为1.54μg·m-3、 0.38μg·m-3、 0.73μg·m-3和0.22μg·m-3, 累计约占到水溶性离子总量的88%.可溶性离子浓度呈现出春夏季节明显高于秋冬季节的特征, 夏季的浓度最高, 其次是春季、 冬季和秋季. Cl-、 Ca2+、 Na+和Mg2+之间的相关性极高, SO42-和NO-3与大部分阳离子的相关性都很高, 说明大部分硫酸盐是来自于中亚沙尘源区的自然源, 而并非是通过人类活动造成的一次污染物通过二次反应过程得到的. NH+4仅与SO42-通过相关性检验说明, 该地区NH3主要中和了大气中硫酸并生成(NH4)2SO4.该地区的大气环境主要来源于自然源的影响, 但夏季风期间人为污染排放已经不可忽视, 这也得到HYSPLIT后向轨迹模式的计算验证. 相似文献
10.
石榴石是山东蒙阴金伯利岩型金刚石矿区的重要指示矿物之一,为了确定山东蒙阴金刚石矿区颜色复杂的石榴石种类,判断矿区石榴石特征与含矿性关系。项目组对矿区不同含矿程度金伯利岩中的石榴石进行了系统采样,测定了50件单晶石榴石微区化学成分和128个石榴石单晶的晶胞参数,测试结果显示：山东蒙阴金伯利岩中石榴石族矿物化学式A3B2[SiO4]3中的A组阳离子由Mg2+、Ca2+和Fe2+组成,二价阳离子主要为Mg2+,Mg2+占据十二面体空腔中心位置达53%～82%左右,Ca2+占据十二面体空腔中心位置小于7%～17%、Fe2+占据十二面体空腔中心位置5%～31%左右。B组阳离子主要由Al3+、Cr3+和Fe3+组成,三价阳离子主要为Al3+,[AlO6]八面体占位达62%～92%左右,[FeO6]和[CrO6]八面体占位小于38%;按50个石榴石不同阳离子占据十二面体空腔和八面体空腔的位置多少,山东蒙阴石榴石可划分为10个亚种。根据山东蒙阴金伯利岩中石榴石成分,计算出石榴石形成压力为6.0～9.0 GPa,推测山东蒙阴矿区金伯利岩中有来自深源的石榴石。128件石榴石晶胞参数统计结果显示：山东蒙阴无矿、贫矿、中等含矿、富矿金伯利岩岩体中紫色石榴石晶胞参数分别为大于1.162 nm、1.159～1.160 nm、1.156～1.160 nm和1.155～1.157 nm之间,从无矿岩体→贫矿岩体→中等含矿岩体→富矿岩体,紫色石榴石晶胞参数值有明显变小的趋势。 相似文献
11.
Jingbo Zhao Changyan Wang Zhangdong Jin Guizhen Sun Jun Xiao 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(8):1753-1760
Two springs (Cuihua Spring, Shuiqiuchi Spring) in Cuihua Mountain of the Qinling Mountains were observed and sampled monthly
during 2004 and 2005 to trace their physical properties and chemical compositions with seasons. Although both pH values and
cation (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+) contents of Cuihua Spring are higher than those of Shuiqiuchi Spring, seasonal variations in both springs are obvious. The
pH values of both spring waters are between 5.69 and 6.98, lower than that of rainwater during summer and autumn. From January
to November, the pH values of both springs similarly vary from high to low and then to high again. Variations in electric
conductivities of two spring waters are contrary, although their electric conductivities are positively correlative with the
cation content respectively. This can be attributed to different water sources of the two springs or different acidic rocks
they passed. The contents of HCO3
−, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+ are low, indicating a low silicate weathering that the strata in this district are mainly composed of granite and schist
of quartz and mica. Differing from change in spring water in karst regions of South China where abundant precipitation and
dilution of rainwater cause low pH and electric conductivity in summer and autumn, the seasonal variations in the pH values
and the electric conductivities of two springs in Qinling Mountains are attributed to seasonal changes in CO2 produced by microorganisms’ activity in soil within respective year, rather than rainfall. The microorganisms’ activity in
soil produces more CO2 during summer and autumn. Therefore, the water nature of springs in silicate regions chiefly reflects the seasonal changes
of CO2 produced by the microorganisms in soil. 相似文献
12.
本文探讨了灞河流域岩溶特征、CO2估算方法和CO2吸收量。观测资料表明,灞河流 域河水中ｐＨ值在冬春季高,夏秋季低,而ＨＣＯ３含量通常与ｐＨ相反。河水和黄土地下水中 ｐＨ值、ＨＣＯ３等化学成分含量与北方南部石灰岩区岩溶水基本相同,表明该区现代岩溶作用 明显,黄土地层也在不断吸收CO2,并对全球碳循环有重要影响。雨水富含CO2,其中约有 ８２％的CO2被岩溶过程吸收,１８％左右的随河水流失。根据一个流域CO2输入量和输出量,可 以计算岩溶过程中 CO2吸收量。计算表明,灞河流域现代岩溶过程中每年吸收的 CO2约为５６３２．８ｔ。 相似文献
13.
Laura Rosales Lagarde Penelope J. Boston Andrew R. Campbell Louise D. Hose Gary Axen Kevin W. Stafford 《Hydrogeology Journal》2014,22(6):1447-1467
Conspicuous sulfide-rich karst springs flow from Cretaceous carbonates in northern Sierra de Chiapas, Mexico. This is a geologically complex, tropical karst area. The physical, geologic, hydrologic and chemical attributes of these springs were determined and integrated into a conceptual hydrogeologic model. A meteoric source and a recharge elevation below 1,500 m are estimated from the spring-water isotopic signature regardless of their chemical composition. Brackish spring water flows at a maximum depth of 2,000 m, as inferred from similar chemical attributes to the produced water from a nearby oil well. Oil reservoirs may be found at depths below 2,000 m. Three subsurface environments or aquifers are identified based on the B, Li+, K+ and SiO2 concentrations, spring water temperatures, and CO2 pressures. There is mixing between these aquifers. The aquifer designated Local is shallow and contains potable water vulnerable to pollution. The aquifer named Northern receives some brackish produced water. The composition of the Southern aquifer is influenced by halite dissolution enhanced at fault detachment surfaces. Epigenic speleogenesis is associated with the Local springs. In contrast, hypogenic speleogenesis is associated with the brackish sulfidic springs from the Northern and the Southern environments. 相似文献
14.
在2001年秋季对贵州省荔波县茂兰国家喀斯特森林公园林地、草地植被下土壤CO2呼吸释放及岩溶表层泉水HCO3及其δ13C值的变化进行了日动态的野外监测,表明岩溶系统中土-气-水界面间存在着碳交换的日动态变化以及所伴随的同位素交换的变化,这种变化与土温的日动态有密切的关系。林地植被显示了平抑这种日动态幅度的效应,而草地植被则显示响应于温度变化的较灵敏的动态变化。这种短尺度的变化构成了表层岩溶系统对外界条件的灵敏响应,进一步揭示了在生物作用下岩溶地质作用在碳循环过程及其同位素交换上的灵敏性和动态性。其不同植被系统下的日动态差异在解释岩溶沉积记录和讨论岩溶作用与碳循环时值得充分注意 相似文献
15.
Subhajit Roy Balwant Kumar Abbhijit Chowdhury Umesh Kumar Singh Samit Ray 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(12):314
A study was conducted in seven geothermal springs located in Bakreswar, District Birbhum, West Bengal, India, in order to assess numerous geochemical processes which were responsible for chemical composition of thermal and mineralized water. The study area lies over the Sone, Narmada, and Tapti lineament of Precambrian Chotanagpur Gneissic Complex. Water chemistry has been carried out based on reaction stoichiometry and geo-statistical tools to identify geochemical process. Piper and Gibbs diagram suggest that the spring water belongs to Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3??+?CO32? water type and are controlled by rock dominance. Dissolution and precipitation of calcite, dolomite, gypsum, and fluorite minerals were identified as principle source of major ions in seven geothermal spring water. Principle component analyses revealed that major ions of spring water are derived from geogenic processes such as weathering, dissolution, and precipitation of various minerals. Overall results suggest that major ions of the spring’s water are derived from natural origin because no evidence of anthropogenic sources was observed during the study period. This study has also revealed that water quality of spring’s water is not suitable for drinking purposes and quite suitable for irrigation because of high abundance of Na+, K+, Cl?, and HCO3? ions. 相似文献
16.
J.I. Pitman 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1978,42(12):1885-1897
Precipitation, soil and spring waters from an outlier of Chalk were analysed over a one year period for field pH, and contents of Ca+2, Mg+2, HCO3? and other dissolved solids. Measured soil log PCO2 (atm) varied between a minimum of ?2.60 and maximum of ?1.46, and could be predicted from measurements of soil temperature. Soil waters evolved under open system conditions with respect to soil CO2, and were undersaturated with calcite during the winter recharge period.The chemistry of the springs is related to their topographic position. Group 1 springs, located below a feather edge of chalk, had both their minimum and maximum PCO2s predicted by the soil CO2 data, suggesting open system CO2 evolution. Group 2 springs, located along the scarp slope had minimum PCO2s predicted by the soil data, but maximum PCO2s which could only be explained by a closed system evolution from the maximum soil CO2 observed. Group 1 springs were close to calcite saturation, whereas Group 2 springs were significantly undersaturated with calcite. The two groups could be identified by linear discriminant analysis of measured Ca2+, pH and HCO3? concentrations. 相似文献
17.
《Applied Geochemistry》2006,21(2):289-304
Mineral springs from Daylesford, Australia discharge at ambient temperatures, have high CO2 contents, and effervesce naturally. Mineral waters have high HCO3 and Na concentrations (up to 4110 and 750 mg/L, respectively) and CO2 concentrations of 620–2520 mg/L. Calcium and Mg concentrations are 61–250 and 44–215 mg/L, respectively, and Si, Sr, Ba, and Li are the most abundant minor and trace elements. The high PCO2 of these waters promotes mineral dissolution, while maintaining low pH values, and geochemical modelling indicates that the CO2-rich mineral water must have interacted with both sediments and basalts. Amorphous silica concentrations and silica geothermometry indicate that these waters are unlikely to have been heated above ambient temperatures and therefore reflect shallow circulation on the order of several hundreds of metres. Variations in minor and trace element composition from closely adjacent spring discharges indicate that groundwater flows within relatively isolated fracture networks. The chemical consistency of individual spring discharges over at least 20 a indicates that flow within these fracture networks has remained isolated over long periods. The mineral water resource is at risk from mixing with potentially contaminated surface water and shallow groundwater in the discharge areas. Increased δ2H values and Cl concentrations, and lower Na concentrations indicate those springs that are most at risk from surface contamination and overpumping. Elevated NO3 concentrations in a few springs indicate that these springs have already been contaminated during discharge. 相似文献
18.
This paper aims to propose a quality profile of springs of the study area for irrigation. In the present study, fifty-four springs in Almora have been identified from rural as well as urban localities for calculation of irriga- tional water quality parameters during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon, 2008. Spring water samples are collected and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), Na+ , K+ , Ca2+ , Mg2+ , HCO3- , Cl- , and SO42- . Different irrigation quality parameters viz. salinity, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), magnesium hazards (MH) and permeability index (PI) are calculated for the evaluation of spring water quality for irrigation purposes. All springs are found excellent to good based on irrigation quality parameters. Based on Wilcox diagram, about 98% of the water resources are grouped as C1S1 (low-low) and C2S1 (medium-low) classes, so springs are suitable for normal irrigation. 相似文献
19.
It is necessary to understand the aquatic chemical characterstics of natural surface fresh water for water quality assessment.The chemical data from different kinds of water in the central Guizhou karst area showd that spring water from carbonate rock cracks(crack-water)is of neutrality or meta-alkalinity and [C] Ca II type.The amounts of all ions and the concentrations of HCO3^- and Ca^2 were higher in the autumn than in the spring,The crack-water was influenced by the infiltration of surface water in the process of erosion and /or trans-portation with decreasing HCO3 and increasing pH,SO4^2-,Cl^-,K^ and Na^ during running in a certain distance on the land surface .In particular,the chemical compositions of the waters at Tianxingqiao(upper-stream),Shuiliandong(mid-waterfall)and Luoshuitan(down-pool)near the Huangguoshu Waterfall were much different from those of the crack-water.The concentration of SO4^2-,Na^ ,Fe^3 and NO3^- varied closely with seasons.The CaCO3 deposited violently with CO2 release in the spring ,In Lake Hongfeng the HCO3^-/SO4^2- equivalent ratios were only 2.1-2.4 ,but Ca^2 /Mg^2 up to 2.4-4.2.The Cl^- concentration increased by a factor of 1 and Na^ by order of magnitude relative to the spring water.These indicated the increase in artificial pollutant discharge in the Lake Hongfeng watershed.In addition,Proewater in the soils covering carbonate rocks belongs to strongly mineralized water,The obvious differences in water quality were controlled by carbonate deposition,sulphate mineralization and nitrogen fixation as well as ammonification.It is indicated thaty the chemical compositions in the waters from the karst region were unstable and changeable. 相似文献
20.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(2):189-191
Fragmentary information of considerable interest in Zabaykal'ye [east of Lake Baykal]. This paper reports on cold spring waters which contain high concentrations of carbon dioxide and relatively low content of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+ anions. In one instance gas issues from a funnel shaped cavity in Paleozoic porphyrites (Vitlaus) and in another instance from joints in lower Mesozoic granite aplites. Artesian waters containing over 2500 mg/L of free carbon dioxide were encountered at a flow rate of 15 L/sec under a hydrostatic flowing head of 9 m near the Lipaki ‐ 1 spring 30 km from the village of Vershino‐Darasun, Chita Oblast. ‐ ‐B. N. Cooper. 相似文献