共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
R.A. Kaïm-Malka 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》1997,44(12):2045-2067
The biology of Natatolana borealis, a deep-sea (−500 m) scavenging isopod that lives on the continental slope of Mediterranean canyons, was studied in the field and in the laboratory. Animals were collected at two stations using a baited trap. Whatever the site at which the animals were collected, a strong correlation was always found to exist between their length and weight, which shows variably marked seasonal variations. The growth pattern was modelled by fitting the Von Bertalanffy growth equation to the length of animals of various ages. The lifespan was estimated to be 6 years in the case of the largest animals collected. Sexual maturity is presumably reached at the age of 2.5 years. Not all the females were found to be sexually active at the same period of the year. A scheme of reproductive cycle is proposed for the mature females. It seems likely that each female may produce at least four broods during her lifetime. The emergence of offspring occurs at various times throughout the year, resulting in successive cohorts. At some periods in the year, some developmental stages were lacking in the samples, possibly owing to alimentary behaviour that helps to protect the animals from predators. 相似文献
2.
The olive ridley is the most abundant seaturtle species in the world but little is known of the demography of this species. We used skeletochronological data on humerus diameter growth changes to estimate the age of North Pacific olive ridley seaturtles caught incidentally by pelagic longline fisheries operating near Hawaii and from dead turtles washed ashore on the main Hawaiian Islands. Two age estimation methods [ranking, correction factor (CF)] were used and yielded age estimates ranging from 5 to 38 and 7 to 24 years, respectively. Rank age‐estimates are highly correlated (r = 0.93) with straight carapace length (SCL), CF age estimates are not (r = 0.62). We consider the CF age‐estimates as biologically more plausible because of the disassociation of age and size. Using the CF age‐estimates, we then estimate the median age at sexual maturity to be around 13 years old (mean carapace size c. 60 cm SCL) and found that somatic growth was negligible by 15 years of age. The expected age‐specific growth rate function derived using numerical differentiation suggests at least one juvenile growth spurt at about 10–12 years of age when maximum age‐specific growth rates, c. 5 cm SCL year−1, are apparent. 相似文献
3.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(2):513-516
High levels of infestation by the polychaete Terebrasabella heterouncinata on cultured abalone may be attributed to elevated levels of fecundity in comparison with conspecifics in their natural habitat. It is not, however, known if a high reproductive output is sustained throughout the animal's life. The present study therefore measured the effect of age on various reproductive parameters of T. heterouncinata from cultured abalone Haliotis midae. Age did not have a significant effect on body size, fecundity or rate at which eggs were laid. However, age had an affect on the proportion of the population that was brooding offspring, because a significantly lower percentage of the youngest age-group was brooding eggs or young, in comparison with the older groups. T. heterouncinata are long-lived, surviving for over four years on abalone farms and can therefore spread their reproductive effort over an extended period, instead of restricting it to a limited period during its early life. The ability to maintain a high fecundity irrespective of age may contribute to the success of this pest on abalone farms. 相似文献
4.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(3):455-458
Flathead mullet Mugil cephalus and freshwater mullet Myxus capensis are important components in South African estuarine fish communities and fisheries, but there is little information on their age and growth or age validation. This study validated the periodicity of growth zone formation in sectioned sagittal otoliths and scales of fish of known age that had been at liberty for 10 years. For both M. cephalus and M. capensis, the number of growth zones counted on otolith sections did not differ significantly from the known age of the fish. There were significantly fewer growth zones on scales than the known age of both M. cephalus and M. capensis. Growth zone deposition rate could therefore be validated as annual for otoliths but not for scales of the two species. It is recommended that future ageing studies focus on otoliths rather than scales. 相似文献
5.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):315-318
Between 1991 and 1995,242 crowned cormorant Phalacrocorax coronatus chicks were banded at Malgas Island with metal and colour rings. At least 10 subsequently bred before 4 April 1996. First-year birds had juvenile plumage, but when about one year old they attained the plumage of immature birds and of non-breeding adults. The youngest age at breeding was about one year, but many birds did not breed until aged 1½–2 years and some may not have bred before they were three years old. 相似文献
6.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(4):343-353
A previous study that explored the age and growth of red steenbras Petrus rupestris (Valenciennes, 1830), a large sparid (family Sparidae, seabreams or porgies) endemic to South Africa and reported to approach 2 m in length, provided estimates as a moderately slow-growing species with a maximum age near 30 years. The stock is considered collapsed and a fishing moratorium was imposed in 2012, resulting in this species being assessed as Endangered by the IUCN. One consideration in addressing population status is validation of life-history traits. In this study, estimates of age for red steenbras from thin-sectioned otoliths were reassessed visually in terms of both the original ages and revised estimates using a different age-reading pattern. The revised ages exceeded the original ages by up to 30 years, with a maximum estimated age of 55 years from a well-defined otolith section that provided a basis for the revised age-reading procedure. Bomb radiocarbon (14C) dating revealed there was an offset in the timing of the 14C rise on the Agulhas Bank that, when coupled with considerations for regional oceanography, provided support for the revised age-reading pattern and an estimated longevity that exceeds 50 years. These findings were further supported by the fortuitous recapture of a tagged red steenbras that was at liberty for 22 years. 相似文献
7.
8.
为研究不同气候年间西北印度洋鸢乌贼角质颚的生长变化特性,根据2019年(厄尔尼诺)和2020年(正常)相同月份(2～5月)中国灯光罩网渔船于西北印度洋采集的1 896尾鸢乌贼样本,通过角质颚研磨,对不同气候年间角质颚的微结构及其生长特性进行了对比研究。结果表明,西北印度洋鸢乌贼角质颚微结构包括头盖和脊突两部分,日龄生长纹以明暗交替的方式呈周期性生长,2019年角质颚生长纹间隔及宽度都较小,色素沉积更浅,纹路异常现象较多。协方差分析表明,不同气候年间角质颚外形特征参数与日龄的关系均存在性别间显著性差异。2019年雌性个体所有外形特征参数与日龄的关系均最适用指数函数表示,但2020年雌性个体所有外形特征参数与日龄的关系均最适用对数函数表示; 2019年雄性个体除下脊突长LCL (lower crest length)与日龄的关系最适用指数函数表示外,其余特征参数与日龄的关系均最适用幂函数表示,2020年雄性个体所有外形特征参数与日龄的关系均最适用线性函数表示。除2020年雄性个体6项特征参数的绝对生长率AGR (absolute growth rate)和瞬时相对生长率IRGR(insta... 相似文献
9.
C. L. Hopkins 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):225-230
A study of the reproductive cycle was made on Galaxias fasciatus Gray from streams on Banks Peninsula, South Island, New Zealand. There was no spawning migration; adults remained in the usual adult habitat to breed. The course of gonad maturation showed that spawning occurred in the autumn, from the end of April to mid‐June. Most males matured at 2 years of age and most females at 4 years old. Egg numbers in the females varied from 3800 to 23 600. Males were predominant in age groups 1–4, females in the older age groups. Amongst fish of potential breeding age there was an excess of males. Circumstantial evidence suggested that eggs were laid among piles of water‐logged debris lodged in pools and backwaters. The larvae, which are briefly described, probably hatch during floods to be swept quickly downstream to the sea. 相似文献
10.
末水条斑紫菜以组织捣碎机粉碎,在10 mmol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(p H 6.8)中反复冻融3次,收集上清液,通过膨化床疏水层析技术分离R-藻红蛋白(R-PE),剩余残渣用于硫酸多糖提取。使用膨化柱分离,粗提液中约17%的藻红蛋白可以被回收,DEAE-Sepharose离子交换树脂纯化后,约12%的R-藻红蛋白得到回收,光谱纯度大于3.2,纯化得率为0.66 mg/g鲜紫菜。吸收光谱、荧光发射光谱以及凝胶电泳均显示该藻红蛋白属于典型三峰型R-藻红蛋白。利用藻红蛋白提取后的残渣,每克条斑紫菜可回收到30.5 mg的粗多糖,其中硫酸基含量为21.8%。实验证明,微波辅助抽提与热水浸提对硫酸多糖得率无显著影响。纯化的R-藻红蛋白与紫菜硫酸多糖可用于食品、化妆品添加,或药品、保健品的开发。本文对探索次等紫菜生物质的综合、高值化利用,进一步促进我国相关产品的开发与应用具有重要意义。 相似文献
11.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):15-19
Eight spotted ragged-tooth sharks Carcharias taurus (95–248,4 cm total length TL), ranging in known age from 0 to 16,6 years, were used to investigate the growth of the species in captivity. Total length was measured by a standard technique in some cases and estimated from photographs in others. The accuracy of the photographic technique was evaluated and found adequate for captive growth studies in sharks. Parameters of various growth models were estimated by non-linear regression and the special Von Bertalanffy growth model provided the best fit to the age-length data of the combined sexes. The parameters of the special Von Bertalanffy model are L ∞ = 249,8 cm TL, K = 0,233·year?1, t 0 = ?2,238 years. Longevity of captive C. taurus is greater than 16,6 years. 相似文献
12.
平端深海偏顶蛤(Gigantidasplatifrons)是广泛分布于西太平洋深海热液和冷泉生态系统中的优势种和共有种,也是深海化能生态系统中重要的生境营造种。以南海F冷泉平端深海偏顶蛤为研究对象,基于贝壳日生长轮方法,分析了平端深海偏顶蛤的年龄与生长速率,建立了其年龄与贝壳壳长关系的生长方程。同时,结合获得的生长方程,分析了南海F冷泉采样点(119.285 6°E,22.115 4°N)平端深海偏顶蛤种群的年龄结构。研究结果表明,采样获得的平端深海偏顶蛤种群的最大壳长为11.4 cm,最大寿命为13.5龄。研究区域的贝壳长度分布集中在4～7 cm,占比60%;年龄分布集中在2～4龄,占比49.7%。相关研究结果为进一步开展平端深海偏顶蛤的生长研究提供了基础数据,有助于深入了解冷泉区域的种群动态变化规律。 相似文献
13.
Size at age, growth rates, seasonality of spawning, and size at maturity were described for the silver sweep Scorpis lineolatus off the coast of New South Wales, Australia. Estimates of age were made by counting annual zones in sections of otoliths. The ageing technique was validated using young‐of‐the‐year fish, staining fish with tetracy‐cline, and by marginal increment analysis. Silver sweep exhibited extreme longevity with an observed maximum age of 54 years and more than 50% of the fishery being greater than 15 years old. Growth was rapid during the first few years before reaching sexual maturity at 2–3 years and at a length of c. 17 cm fork length, after which growth slowed dramatically. Silver sweep displayed a winter spawning period. The fishery is unusual in that despite heavy fishing pressure and rapidly declining catches the age structure of the catch suggests a population that has been subjected to minimal fishing mortality. It is proposed that the large declines in commercial landings may be the result of serial depletion on local reefs and that current landings are being taken from schools of fish that have" receiveddate="little fishing pressure historically. 相似文献
14.
Age verification of rubyfish (Plagiogeneion rubiginosum) was sought using the bomb radiocarbon chronometer procedure. Stable isotopes were investigated for life history characteristics. Radiocarbon (14C) and stable isotope (δ18O and δ13C) levels were measured in micro-samples from five otoliths that had been aged using a zone count method. All the core 14C measurements were ‘pre-bomb’ indicating ages of at least 45 years, and the 14C measurements across the otolith sections suggested that the zone-count ageing method described herein is not biased. Maximum estimated age was 100 years. There was no significant between-sex difference in the von Bertalanffy growth curves. The δ18O values indicated that rubyfish are near-surface as juveniles, and move deeper with age. Adults appear to reside in 600–1000 m; this is deeper than most trawl-capture data suggest, but not implausible, and has stock assessment implications. The δ13C values reflect fish metabolic rates, trophic feeding levels and oceanographic conditions. The stable isotopes record the environmental life history of each fish, and have value in distinguishing stocks and/or indicating vertical and latitudinal migratory patterns. 相似文献
15.
An aggregation of fossil shells of the Indo-Pacific muricid snails Chicoreus ramosus was found in the northern part of the island of Tiran, Red Sea. The site was 7 m above the present mean sea level. Radiocarbon dating of these shells indicated an age of 1570±80 years BP. Some of these shells bore-drilled holes, most of them uncompleted. Biological study revealed that such holes were probably drilled by conspecifics in the absence of alternative food after they had been disconnected from the sea. Since there is no evidence of human activity in this part of Tiran, I suggest that such conditions could be caused only by a physical process that changed the relative water level. In accordance with the character of the drilled holes and the short period which muricids maintain reproductive aggregates, I also postulate that such a physical process must have been a relatively rapid one. 相似文献
16.
MW Farthing AC Winkler K Anderson S Kerwath C Wilke WM Potts 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(2):187-196
The hottentot seabream Pachymetopon blochii is a small-sized (maximum 2.67 kg) sparid endemic to southern Africa. It is an important target in South Africa's Western Cape traditional linefishery, particularly in the absence of more valuable pelagic species (such as Thyrsites atun and Seriola lalandi). In 2000, South Africa's linefishery was declared to be in a state of emergency, and commercial fishing effort was consequently reduced by 70%. A subsequent increase in stock biomass and intraspecific competition, coupled with environmental changes, were hypothesised to have thereafter altered the growth rate of hottentot, from 2000 to 2010. This study aimed to revise outdated age–growth models for the hottentot by using modern techniques (sectioned otoliths), and to compare age–growth relationships before and after the declared linefish state of emergency. The maximum age observed was 19 years, with no difference in the growth rate between sexes (p = 0.39–0.43) or time-periods (p = 0.96). Although the growth rate did not change, there is evidence that the age structure of the stock changed between time-periods as a result of changes in fishing pressure between 2000 and 2010. The enhanced recent growth model for hottentot, described as Lt = 418.063 (1 – e?0.104(t – [?4.709])) (pooled sexes; n = 206), indicates a considerably slower growth rate for this species than was proposed previously using whole otoliths and has major implications for effective stock management. 相似文献
17.
Gary A. Kendrick Núria Marb Carlos M. Duarte 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,65(4):717-725
Posidonia oceanica is a slow growing seagrass species that extends via growing rhizomes that grow only centimetres both horizontally and vertically each year. Posidonia oceanica forms topographically complex biogenic reefs of dead rhizome and sediments that are up to 4 m in height that are called “matte”. This study investigates the role of slow horizontal and vertical growth of rhizomes in the formation of topographic complexity in P. oceanica matte using agent-based modelling. The simulated infilling of landscapes by P. oceanica was run over 600 iterations (years) for 10 random starts of 150 agents each. Initial infilling rates were very slow and P. oceanica had limited cover after a century of growth. Growth accelerated after 100 years but plateaued after 400 years such that after 600 years only two-thirds of the landscape was occupied by P. oceanica. The pattern of spread of agents was initially random in direction but after larger patches were formed spread was radial from these patches. The seagrass landscape was initially highly fragmented with many small separate patches made up of a few agents each, with a Landscape Division index close to 1. Between 300 and 600 years Landscape Division declined sharply to 0.42, indicating patches had coalesced into larger more continuous meadows forming a less fragmented landscape. Perimeter to area ratio of seagrass patches declined exponentially from >1 to approximately 0.2 over 600 years of simulation. The matte developed from growth of patches and its greatest height occurred in more continuously occupied cells of the grid. The topography of the reef that occupied two-thirds of the landscape after six centuries of growth could be described as a pattern of channels between reef plateaus elevated 1–2 m above channels. These results demonstrate that development in P. oceanica meadows of three-dimensional structure, in the formation of biogenic reefs, can be explained by, and is an emergent property of, slow horizontal and vertical rhizome growth rates combined with the time it takes for the accumulation of rhizomes in any region of the landscape. As such, the model provides a parsimonious explanation for the development of complex matte topography. 相似文献
18.
DISTRIBUTION, ECOLOGY AND RESOURCE CONSERVATION OF THE SPOTTED SEAL IN THE HUANGHAI AND BOHAI SEAS 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
王丕烈 《海洋学报(英文版)》1986,5(1):126-133
The Phoca largha is found in the coastal waters of China from the Huanghai Sea and Bohai Sea to the northern part of East China Sea. Its breeding ground is situated in ice packs in the Liaodong Gulf., from about 40°10′ to 40°45′ N, from 121 °15′ to 122°E. At the breeding season, male and female seals in pairs form many family groups. The pup is born with white lanugo fur on ice packs in Liaodong Gulf during a period from January to the middle of February, and usually carried by its mother on her back to run away. However, from February to March, it could be caught around some islands in Bohai Strait. In recent years, these species resources have been reduced rapidly. It must be strengthened to protect the seals from extinction. 相似文献
19.
Rhabdosargus holubi is a small (maximum weight=2.4?kg) yet important fishery species in the estuaries of the south-east coast of South Africa. Little is known of its biology and specifically its growth rate, which is essential for sustainable management of the fishery. We examined and counted the opaque zones in the sectioned otoliths of 134 R. holubi to determine its age and growth parameters. The otoliths from two recaptured fish marked with oxytetracycline confirmed that one opaque zone was deposited annually. The species reached a maximum age of 18 years and growth was adequately described by a von Bertalanffy growth function of the form: Lt = 358.1 (1 – e?0.24(t+0.77)) mm fork length. There were no significant differences between any of the male and female growth parameters (likelihood ratio test: p = 0.3). The growth was slow (omega index: ω = 86.56); however, despite this, the unique life history of R. holubi may provide a degree of resilience to heavy fishing pressure in estuaries. 相似文献
20.
This study was conducted to investigate the adaptability of marine mussels Mytilus edulis of increasing age to induced stress and subsequent recovery. Lysosomes, present in large numbers in the molluscan digestive gland, play a major role in intracellular digestion, and the stability of their membranes provides a sensitive biomarker for generalised cell injury which is correlated with the stress response of the whole animal. Lysosomal stability was measured in mussels of three age groups (2–4, 6–8 and ≥ 10 years) during exposure to hypoxia/hyperthermia and, in a separate experiment, to copper (50 ppb: where billion = 109). The lysosomal reactions of all three age groups to both experimental stressors were similar. However, recovery from the induced pathological reactions was most pronounced in the youngest animals and least apparent in the oldest group. These findings indicate that the stress reaction is independent of age but that the potential for recovery of lysosomal integrity is age-related. 相似文献