共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 500 毫秒
1.
在经验性降雨阈值和边坡稳定性数值分析两大类研究的基础上,考虑了降雨入渗和非饱和土性质,使用岩土有限元软件Plaxis高级模式对滑坡预警降雨阈值进行研究分析。算例表明,将降雨量在降雨时间范围内分成2段后,得到的边坡稳定性变化与实际情况更接近,重新定义前期降雨为在给定初始条件下引起边坡最危险滑裂面到坡面之间土体吸力分布发生变化的降雨。前期降雨时长与潜在滑裂面最大深度成正比,与饱和渗透系数成反比。将前期降雨量引入到降雨强度—持时曲线中作为第三个空间坐标轴,将该曲线拓展为前期降雨量-降雨强度-持时曲面。通过一基岩型边坡算例展示了阈值曲面的建立方法,并通过与模型试验数据的对比验证了其可靠性。 相似文献
2.
考虑前期降雨过程的边坡稳定性分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
基于三峡库区实测降雨资料,研究了不同初始条件对不同土体边坡稳定性影响,建议了能够反映边坡含水状态的初始条件选取方法。在此基础上,采用非饱和渗流分析方法研究了前期降雨对不同土体边坡稳定性影响,以典型的砂土和黏土边坡为例初步探索了前期降雨对边坡稳定性影响规律。结果表明：初始条件对不同土体边坡稳定性影响不同;建议将多年平均降雨量对应的稳态渗流场作为初始条件进行非饱和渗流分析。边坡土体渗透系数越低,边坡稳定性受前期降雨的影响越大、影响时间也越长。砂土和黏土边坡稳定性分析时建议至少考虑15 d以上的前期降雨,对于砂土边坡还应根据这15 d前面5 d的降雨情况确定是否需要增加计算天数。短历时高强度前期降雨对砂土边坡稳定性影响更大,而长历时低强度前期降雨对黏土边坡稳定性影响更大。累积前期降雨量可以作为判断边坡最小安全系数出现时刻的依据。砂土边坡出现最小安全系数时刻与10 d累积前期降雨量最大的时刻较为吻合,而黏土边坡则与15 d累积前期降雨量最大的时刻较为吻合。 相似文献
3.
东南沿海残积土地区降雨诱发型滑坡预报雨强-历时曲线的影响因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
东南沿海山地丘陵地区每年雨季期间有大量土质滑坡发生,如何对由降雨诱发的滑坡进行预报一直都是一个热点研究课题,雨强-历时曲线（简称I-D曲线）是目前国内外常用的降雨型滑坡预报的降雨量临界值曲线。针对东南沿海地区的浅层残积土滑坡,根据相关勘察数据及资料,概化得到了该类型边坡的地质剖面及岩土层性质,然后应用Geo-Studio软件分析了边坡初始湿润条件、土体抗剪强度、饱和渗透系数、边坡坡角、残坡积土层厚度及雨型等参数对I-D曲线的影响规律。分析结果表明：残坡积土抗剪强度参数、饱和渗透系数、边坡坡角、雨型等因素对I-D曲线的影响显著,边坡安全系数降至临界值所需降雨历时随抗剪强度参数值降低、表层残积土渗透系数增加或坡角增大而减少;当雨强较小时,初始湿润条件对I-D曲线的影响显著;当雨强大于残坡积土层饱和渗透系数时,入渗量主要由渗透系数控制,边坡安全系数降至临界值所需降雨历时不随雨强增大而变化。该研究结果为I-D曲线在东南沿海残积土地区降雨诱发滑坡预警预报中的应用奠定了基础。 相似文献
4.
台风暴雨条件下滑坡稳定性影响因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以实验数据为依据,通过数值模拟对台风暴雨条件下滑坡体稳定性的主要影响因素进行模拟研究。台风暴雨条件下滑坡体的主要影响因素为特殊降雨雨型：(1) 在相同雨强程度下,台风暴雨的单峰型降雨水文响应速度、稳定性破坏速度及程度均大于普通均匀型降雨,单峰型降雨导致边坡短时间内达到失稳状态,呈“即雨即滑”情况;(2) 强台风多峰型降雨下,经过第一个峰值强降雨后浅层土质边坡已处于不稳定状态,当第二个强峰值降雨来临时,坡体的稳定性较单峰型降低更为迅速。这些为福建省台风暴雨这一特殊降雨类型条件下滑坡的发生机理探索及预警预报提供了新的思路和科学依据。 相似文献
5.
黄土地区公路边坡降雨失稳预报研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了研究黄土地区公路边坡降雨失稳灾害的预测预警方法,通过现场调查和理论分析,研究了黄土地区公路边坡降雨灾害危险性初步判别的标准;在分析公路边坡稳定性主要影响因素(边坡结构、边坡形态和植被特征)的基础上,提出了黄土地区公路边坡标准坡型的模型;以标准边坡坡型为基准,根据边坡失稳资料和降雨数据,建立了公路边坡抗灾能力评分表和评分标准。由此提出了适合于陕北黄土地区(包括砂黄土地区和典型黄土地区)公路边坡降雨灾害预测预警的抗灾雨量法,可以针对某个具体的黄土地区公路边坡的降雨灾害进行工点失稳预报。工程应用表明抗灾雨量法可操作性较好。 相似文献
6.
降雨诱发滑坡阶跃型变形的预测分析及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
滑坡进入蠕动变形阶段之后,往往难以及时开展勘察治理工作,合理的临灾预警是有效减少滑坡灾害损失的重要手段。首先确定降雨诱发“阶跃型”滑坡的预警关键判据为前期降雨、当次降雨、位移速率,并引入“一个降雨过程”定义滑坡监测的降雨区间,将预警过程分为当次降雨和前期降雨+当次降雨两种模式。然后运用最小二乘法确定滑坡“阶跃”变形曲线上的“破坏拐点”和“稳定拐点”用以确定变形加速区间,以此求解前期降雨、当次降雨以及移速率阈值。最后以王家坡滑坡为例,设计了两种模式下的5级递进式分级预警模型。研究表明：（1）前期降雨与当次降雨组成“一个降雨过程”的时间间隔为7 d;（2）王家坡滑坡的位移速率阈值为20 mm/d;（3）前期降雨+当次降雨模式下王家坡滑坡的前期降雨、当次降雨阈值分别为10、15 mm,当次降雨模式下王家坡滑坡的降雨阈值为25 mm。 相似文献
7.
降雨诱发区域性滑坡预报预警方法研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
论文以四川省雅安市雨城区为研究区，将逻辑回归模型引入区域降雨型滑坡预警预报，建立了同时考虑降雨强度和降雨过程的降雨临界值表达式。在滑坡危险性区划的基础上，研究提出了区域降雨型滑坡预警预报指标，包括临界值降雨指数R和滑坡发生指数L，并利用20台自动遥测雨量计和地质灾害群测群防网络，采用历史记录雨量和预报雨量，建立了区域降雨型滑坡预报预警体系。 相似文献
8.
由于滑坡灾害的发生具有随机性和复杂性,经常给人们生活造成严重的经济损失,甚至威胁生命安全,故建立滑坡预警判据及模型是减小损失的重要手段。文章首先确定了有效降雨量-变形速率-改进切线角为降雨型阶跃滑坡的预警关键判据。然后运用斜率单变点法确定滑坡“阶跃”变形曲线上的“破坏拐点”和“稳定拐点”并提取变形加速区间的详细信息,以此求解有效降雨量-变形速率-改进切线角综合预警判据阈值。最后,结合麻池村1号滑坡各发展阶段宏观变形特征,将时空演化规律有机结合,建立了4级递进式综合判据分级预警模型。结果表明：麻池村1号滑坡的运移形式为牵引式,在降雨因素的激发下,累计位移曲线呈典型的“阶跃”变形特征;麻池村1号滑坡变形受前期降雨影响,前期降雨与当期降雨组成一个降雨过程的时间间隔阈值为10 d,“前期+当期降雨”模式下对应的降雨阈值分别为24 mm、 32 mm;基于监测数据精细化分析以及改进切线角法获取的麻池村1号滑坡的位移速率阈值为12 mm/d。研究可为此类型滑坡灾害的预警提供理论基础和技术指导。 相似文献
9.
《地质灾害与环境保护》2020,(2)
采用SEEP/W和SLOPE/W程序对一堆积层滑坡进行了渗流分析和稳定性评价,揭示了持续性降雨或大暴雨是诱发堆积层滑坡的主要因素,并可通过稳定性系数与降雨历时的关系曲线知在特定降雨强度下开始滑动的大致时间,可为滑坡灾害的预警预报工作提供参考。 相似文献
10.
基于降雨作用下滑面抗剪强度动态变化的层状边坡稳定性评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
降雨入渗对边坡稳定性具有重要影响。鉴于层状边坡在自然情况中广泛存在,因此,开展在降雨情况下的多层状边坡入渗模型及其稳定性研究具有重要意义。考虑各层土体的渗透性能差异,利用约束函数求得各层土体的有效渗透系数,并基于Green-Ampt模型建立层状边坡入渗模型。结合非饱和土强度经验公式,推导了考虑滑面抗剪强度动态变化的层状边坡稳定性方程。最后,对深圳某边坡在不同降雨强度和降雨历时下的稳定性系数进行了计算并对结果进行了分析。结果表明,当湿润锋未达到滑面处时,边坡稳定性系数与降雨历时和降雨强度呈线性关系。考虑边坡入渗能力,提出了降雨入渗临界时间概念。在任意降雨强度下,当降雨历时小于该时间时,边坡均不会失稳。本研究可以用于指导降雨情况下层状边坡的稳定性评价。 相似文献
11.
In order to generate early warning for landslides, it is necessary to address the spatial and temporal aspects of slope failure. The present study deals with the temporal dimension of slope failures taking into account the most widespread and frequent triggering factor, i.e. rainfall, along the National Highway-58 from Rishikesh to Mana in the Garhwal Himalaya, India. Using the post-processed three-hourly rainfall intensity and duration values from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission-based Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis and the time-tagged landslide records along this route, an intensity–duration (I–D)-based threshold has been derived as I?=?58.7D ?1.12 for the rainfall-triggered landslides. The validation of the I–D threshold has shown 81.6 % accuracy for landslides which occurred in 2005 and 2006. From this result, it can be inferred that landslides in the study area can be initiated by continuous rainfall of over 12 h with about 4-mm/h intensity. Using the mean annual precipitation, a normalized intensity–duration relation of NI?=?0.0612D ?1.17 has also been derived. In order to account for the influence of the antecedent rainfall in slope failure initiation, the daily, 3-day cumulative, and 15- and 30-day antecedent rainfall values associated with landslides had been subjected to binary logistic regression using landslide as the dichotomous dependent variable. The logistic regression retained the daily, 3-day cumulative and 30-day antecedent rainfall values as significant predictors influencing slope failure. This model has been validated through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis using a set of samples which had not been used in the model building; an accuracy of 95.1 % has been obtained. Cross-validation of I–D-based thresholding and antecedent rainfall-based probability estimation with slope failure initiation shows 81.9 % conformity between the two in correctly predicting slope stability. Using the I–D-based threshold and the antecedent rainfall-based regression model, early warning can be generated for moderate to high landslide-susceptible areas (which can be delineated using spatial integration of preconditioning factors). Temporal predictions where both the methods converge indicate higher chances of slope failures for areas predisposed to instability due to unfavourable geo-environmental and topographic parameters and qualify for enhanced slope failure warning. This method can be verified for further rainfall seasons and can also be refined progressively with finer resolutions (spatial and temporal) of rainfall intensity and multiple rain gauge stations covering a larger spatial extent. 相似文献
12.
降雨量和位移是当前降雨型滑坡监测预警最常用的指标。然而,降雨量和位移监测结果只能反映降雨作用下滑坡的变形情况,不能揭示滑坡内在物理力学性状对降雨的响应。因此,除降雨量和位移监测之外,建立包括体积含水率、基质吸力等反映滑坡动态演化过程的关键指标监测体系必将成为今后更真实地把握滑坡内在演化趋势、更准确地建立滑坡综合预警判据的最有效手段。笔者对赣南地区典型降雨型滑坡进行了多指标监测及综合预警示范研究。结果表明:(1)在降雨条件下滑坡土体内部体积含水率、基质吸力和温度等多指标均产生有规律的动态响应;(2)随着降雨的持续,滑体体积含水率与基质吸力的变化均具有显著的滞后现象;(3)体积含水率和基质吸力变化速率与滑体位移具有显著的正相关性;(4)滑体温度分布变化规律受大气温度和体积含水率的共同影响。以实测数据的滑坡稳定性分析为基准,在考虑实际降雨入渗深度与滑坡稳定性的关联度上,建立了包括日降雨量、体积含水率增加速率、基质吸力减小速率以及位移速度多元指标预警方法体系,提出了基于关键指标综合预警体系及确定方法,旨在为降雨滑坡准确预警提供新模式。 相似文献
13.
提高降雨型滑坡危险性预警精度和空间辨识度具有重要意义.以江西宁都县1980—2001年156个降雨型滑坡为例,首先基于传统的EE-D（early effective rainfall-rainfall duration）阈值法计算不同降雨诱发滑坡的时间概率级别;然后以各级别临界降雨阈值曲线对应的时间概率为因变量,并以对应的前期有效降雨量（early effective rainfall,EE）和降雨历时（D）为自变量,采用逻辑回归拟合出上述因变量与自变量之间的非线性关系,得到降雨诱发滑坡的连续概率值;之后对比C5.0决策树和多层感知器的滑坡易发性预测性能;最后利用降雨诱发滑坡的连续概率值与易发性图相耦合以实现连续概率滑坡危险性预警.结果显示:（1）宁都降雨型滑坡连续概率值的逻辑回归方程为1/P=1+e4.062+0.747 4×D-0.079 44×EE,其拟合优度为0.983;（2）2002—2003年的20处用于连续概率阈值测试的降雨型滑坡大都落在连续概率值大于0.7的区域,只有4处落在小于0.7的区域;（3）C5.0决策树预测滑坡易发性的精度显著高于多层感知器;（4）近5年的4次降雨型滑坡的连续概率危险性值都在0.8以上,且高和极高预警区的面积较传统滑坡危险性分区更小.可见连续概率滑坡危险性预警法相较于传统危险性分区法具有更高的预警精度和空间辨识度,且通过叠加滑坡易发性图及其临界降雨阈值可开展实时滑坡危险性预警制图. 相似文献
14.
Modeling landslide recurrence in Seattle, Washington, USA 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Diana Salciarini Jonathan W. Godt William Z. Savage Rex L. Baum Pietro Conversini 《Engineering Geology》2008,102(3-4):227
To manage the hazard associated with shallow landslides, decision makers need an understanding of where and when landslides may occur. A variety of approaches have been used to estimate the hazard from shallow, rainfall-triggered landslides, such as empirical rainfall threshold methods or probabilistic methods based on historical records. The wide availability of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and digital topographic data has led to the development of analytic methods for landslide hazard estimation that couple steady-state hydrological models with slope stability calculations. Because these methods typically neglect the transient effects of infiltration on slope stability, results cannot be linked with historical or forecasted rainfall sequences. Estimates of the frequency of conditions likely to cause landslides are critical for quantitative risk and hazard assessments. We present results to demonstrate how a transient infiltration model coupled with an infinite slope stability calculation may be used to assess shallow landslide frequency in the City of Seattle, Washington, USA. A module called CRF (Critical RainFall) for estimating deterministic rainfall thresholds has been integrated in the TRIGRS (Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-based Slope-Stability) model that combines a transient, one-dimensional analytic solution for pore-pressure response to rainfall infiltration with an infinite slope stability calculation. Input data for the extended model include topographic slope, colluvial thickness, initial water-table depth, material properties, and rainfall durations. This approach is combined with a statistical treatment of rainfall using a GEV (General Extreme Value) probabilistic distribution to produce maps showing the shallow landslide recurrence induced, on a spatially distributed basis, as a function of rainfall duration and hillslope characteristics. 相似文献
15.
The determination of statistical and deterministic hydrological landslide-triggering thresholds 总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25
Mark T. J. Terlien 《Environmental Geology》1998,35(2-3):124-130
Hydrological landslide-triggering thresholds separate combinations of daily and antecedent rainfall or of rainfall intensity
and duration that triggered landslides from those that failed to trigger landslides. They are required for the development
of landslide early warning systems. When a large data set on rainfall and landslide occurrence is available, hydrological
triggering thresholds are determined in a statistical way. When the data on landslide occurrence is limited, deterministic
models have to be used. For shallow landslides directly triggered by percolating rainfall, triggering thresholds can be established
by means of one-dimensional hydrological models linked to the infinite slope model. In the case of relatively deep landslides
located in topographic hollows and triggered by a slow accumulation of water at the soil-bedrock contact, simple correlations
between landslide occurrence and rainfall can no longer be established. Therefore real-time failure probabilities have to
be determined using hydrological catchment models in combination with the infinite slope model.
Received: 15 October 1997 · Accepted: 25 June 1997 相似文献
16.
Benni Thiebes Rainer Bell Thomas Glade Stefan Jäger Julia Mayer Malcolm Anderson Liz Holcombe 《Landslides》2014,11(5):859-875
Landslides are a significant hazard in many parts of the world and exhibit a high, and often underestimated, damage potential. Deploying landslide early warning systems is one risk management strategy that, amongst others, can be used to protect local communities. In geotechnical applications, slope stability models play an important role in predicting slope behaviour as a result of external influences; however, they are only rarely incorporated into landslide early warning systems. In this study, the physically based slope stability model CHASM (Combined Hydrology and Stability Model) was initially applied to a reactivated landslide in the Swabian Alb to assess stability conditions and was subsequently integrated into a prototype of a semi-automated landslide early warning system. The results of the CHASM application demonstrate that for several potential shear surfaces the Factor of Safety is relatively low, and subsequent rainfall events could cause instability. To integrate and automate CHASM within an early warning system, international geospatial standards were employed to ensure the interoperability of system components and the transferability of the implemented system as a whole. The CHASM algorithm is automatically run as a web processing service, utilising fixed, predetermined input data, and variable input data including hydrological monitoring data and quantitative rainfall forecasts. Once pre-defined modelling or monitoring thresholds are exceeded, a web notification service distributes SMS and email messages to relevant experts, who then determine whether to issue an early warning to local and regional stakeholders, as well as providing appropriate action advice. This study successfully demonstrated the potential of this new approach to landslide early warning. To move from demonstration to active issuance of early warnings demands the future acquisition of high-quality data on mechanical properties and distributed pore water pressure regimes. 相似文献
17.
降雨条件下浅层滑坡稳定性探讨 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
降雨条件下浅层滑坡是一种常见、多发的地质灾害现象,为了解边坡稳定性随降雨入渗过程的变化情况,以Green-Ampt入渗模型为基础,并考虑了动水压力的作用,建立了降雨入渗条件下浅层滑坡的概念模型,分别推导了降雨前有、无地下水位条件下的边坡安全系数与降雨时间的关系表达式。从分析结果中可以看出,对于这两种情况下边坡稳定性发生突变的主要原因归结于：前者为在湿润锋与地下水位面接触的短时间内,滑带处的孔隙水压力迅速增高;后者为滑带在浸水饱和情况下,岩土体的强度迅速降低。在此基础上,根据降雨过程中边坡是否达到饱和,提出边坡饱和临界时间的概念,考虑了初始降雨强度小于土壤入渗能力的情况。这个时间可以作为一个参数指标用于浅层滑坡的预警。 相似文献
18.
浅层滑坡在我国广泛分布,但在区域范围内分布规律性较差,且具有突发性、隐蔽性和破坏性强等特点。湘西武陵山区地质条件复杂、降雨丰沛、人类工程活动强烈,突发性地质灾害频发,尤以降雨诱发的浅层滑坡为主。文章以湘西地区慈利县陈溪峪滑坡为例,开展了降雨量、基质吸力、地下水位和地表变形等的监测;结合滑坡的现场调查及监测成果,分析滑坡的形成条件和变形机理;在此基础上,考虑基质吸力对边坡稳定性的贡献,将强度折减有限元法推广到非饱和土边坡,计算得到了不同降雨工况下滑坡稳定性。结果表明:当强降雨降落到滑坡体上时,坡内基质吸力值均迅速减小,直至一定值后（9.5 kPa左右）不再变化;坡内地下水位受季节性降雨影响显著,短时强降雨引起地下水变化幅度不如长时间降雨对地下水位造成的影响大;陈溪峪滑坡的地质力学成因为蠕滑推移式土质滑坡,运动形式为沿基覆界面的浅层滑坡;短时强降雨是诱发滑坡变形的最关键因素。陈溪峪滑坡在持续降雨条件下的降雨量预警值约为280 mm,在短时强降雨条件下的降雨强度预警值约为240 mm/d。 相似文献