共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
泥石流、滑坡等自然灾害的发生往往都造成人民生命财产和社会经济的巨大损失,严重危害着人类的生活,影响到社会、经济以及自然环境的持续发展。如何预防和降低这类灾害的损失,是人类社会,尤其是发展中国家面临的巨大问题。中国也是深受泥石流、滑坡等灾害影响严重的国家之一。2008年5月12日的汶川地震引发滑坡、崩塌众多,凸现了对这类灾害进行治理的紧迫性和必要性。文中通过介绍日本Sabo works的发展和目前应用情况,为中国泥石流、滑坡等灾害的防治工作提供有益借鉴 相似文献
2.
On civil engineering disasters and their mitigation 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Civil engineering works such as buildings and infrastructure are the carriers of human civilization. They are, however, also the origins of various types of disasters, which are referred to in this paper as civil engineering disasters. This paper presents the concept of civil engineering disasters, their characteristics, classification, causes, and mitigation technologies. Civil engineering disasters are caused primarily by civil engineering defects, which are usually attributed to improper selection of construction site, hazard assessment, design and construction, occupancy, and maintenance. From this viewpoint, many so-called natural disasters such as earthquakes, strong winds, floods, landslides, and debris flows are substantially due to civil engineering defects rather than the actual natural hazards. Civil engineering disasters occur frequently and globally and are the most closely related to human beings among all disasters. This paper emphasizes that such disasters can be mitigated mainly through civil engineering measures, and outlines the related objectives and scientific and technological challenges. 相似文献
3.
4.
简要地介绍了开展大城市地震活断层探测的意义及世界各国开展活断层探测的基本情况。城市及邻近地区地震活断层引起的直下型地震 ,将会给大城市造成巨大的地震灾害。准确地探测出大城市的活断层分布 ,采取有效措施 ,可大大降低地震时的损失。文中重点介绍了开展地震活断层探测的地球物理方法的类型和主要特点 ,在区域探查与初步鉴定阶段、详细探测与精确定位阶段、孕震构造探测阶段可能涉及到的各种地球物理探测方法、适用范围及所能解决的主要问题 相似文献
5.
Xinjiang Line of New Eurasian Continental Bridge is the important lifeline project inwestern China. Various disasters, such as flood, strong wind, sandstorm, and roadbed disasters,have been seriously affecting the railway transportation. The field investigation and analysis on thedata collected since 1959 show that: serious floods often occurred when the rain intensity reached25 mm/h or 30 mm/d; the critical wind speed for turning over a train is between 35 m/s and 67 m/s,and such cases happened in draught places of mountain opening and trunk valley; the angle be-tween wind direction and railway is closely related to the thickness of accumulative sand along thelines; roadbed disasters taking the form of side-slope sliding, roadbed sinking and silt turning uptook place in spring when the temperature rapidly rose to 10-15℃ from zero and precipitationcame forth or when the thickness of snow cover on shade slope reached above 20 cm in winter;the disasters taking place in the 1990s were far stronger than those of the 1980s and the order ofhazard intensity along the Xinjiang Line is Urumqi＞Shihezi＞Kuitun＞Liuyuan＞Shanhan＞Hami. 相似文献
6.
本文首先介绍了利用六旋翼无人机倾斜摄影系统和动力三角翼倾斜摄影系统在云南鲁甸地震现场开展倾斜摄影数据采集、三维建模的相关工作,利用建立的三维模型,分别对灾区房屋震害、滑坡、滚石、堰塞湖地震地质灾害进行了系统的分析研究。相关研究表明:倾斜摄影技术可以表现地震灾害场景和具体灾害特征,对遥感在地震灾情精细化分析及了解灾区建筑物的布局、破坏程度和恢复重建建筑现状方面具有重要的意义。该项工作是地震领域初次利用倾斜摄影技术开展的相关研究,对于进一步深入研究倾斜摄影新技术在地震灾害领域和其他相关领域的工作具有很好的借鉴作用。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
地震及其链生灾害除造成人员伤亡和经济损失等直接影响外,还可造成水污染、土壤污染、大气污染等环境问题,也可造成土壤侵蚀、耕地退化、动物栖息地丧失、生物多样性退化等生态灾难。本文总结了近年来部分造成环境与生态影响的地震案例,讨论了相关学者对相应影响机制和机理的研究及减少影响的可能措施和面临的问题。随着我国经济社会的快速发展,科学开展地震及其链生灾害对环境与生态影响的研究、采取有效的震前设防和震后断链措施是切实防范重大风险、保持经济社会和环境可持续发展的重要考量。 相似文献
10.
Xinjiang Line of New Eurasian Continental Bridge is the important lifeline project in western China. Various disasters, such as flood, strong wind, sandstorm, and roadbed disasters, have been seriously affecting the railway transportation. The field investigation and analysis on the data collected since 1959 show that: serious floods often occurred when the rain intensity reached 25 mm/h or 30 mm/d; the critical wind speed for turning over a train is between 35 m/s and 67 m/s, and such cases happened in draught places of mountain opening and trunk valley; the angle between wind direction and railway is closely related to the thickness of accumulative sand along the lines; roadbed disasters taking the form of side-slope sliding, roadbed sinking and silt turning up took place in spring when the temperature rapidly rose to 10–15°C from zero and precipitation came forth or when the thickness of snow cover on shade slope reached above 20 cm in winter; the disasters taking place in the 1990s were far stronger than those of the 1980s and the order of hazard intensity along the Xinjiang Line is Urumqi>Shihezi>Kuitun>Liuyuan>Shanhan>Hami. 相似文献
11.
12.
13.
我国是世界上遭受自然灾害最严重的国家之一，每年造成的经济损失都给我国财政与保险业带来了巨大的压力，如何全面发挥巨灾损失补偿机制的作用是我国目前迫切需要解决的问题。本文首先对我国目前面临的自然灾害的经济损失情况进行总体描述；随后，以其中的地震和洪水为例，阐述了巨灾给我国经济造成的损失情况；最后，深入讨论了我国当前一些主要的巨灾损失补偿机制的问题，并提出了一些观点与建议。 相似文献
14.
15.
汶川地震在甘肃南部造成了极为严重的滑塌灾害。本文在武都区附近地震滑塌灾害统计研究的基础上,阐述了其主要类型和发育特征;论述了甘肃地震滑塌灾害的展布主要受地形、岩性、地震烈度、人类工程活动和植被发育程度等因素影响,在空间上分布很不均匀。地震烈度高的陇南灾区地震滑塌密度相对较大;节理发育的厚层(块状)岩层滑塌较为突出;黄土滑塌较为突出。进而提出了山区地震滑塌灾害减轻的注意事项以及甘肃省不同区域滑塌灾害减轻对策。 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
大同-阳高地震震害评估组 《山西地震》2000,(1):7-15
１９９９年１１月１日在山西省大同县和阳高县间发生Ｍｓ５．６地震,通过野外调查,对这次地震灾害损失进行了评估。评估结果表明,这次地震受灾面积达３２４ｋｍ＾２,主要受灾村５６个,重伤１０人,轻伤６０人,总经济损失为１４０２３万元。指出灾区所有房屋经历了１９８９年、１９９１年１次或２次中强地震的破坏,抗震能力明显降低是这次震害较生的主要原因。并针对这次震害的特征,提出防御与减轻震害的经验、教训及有关建议 相似文献