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1.
This paper presents the results from a pile load testing program for a bridge construction project in Louisiana. The testing includes two 54-in. open-ended spun cast concrete cylinder piles, one 30-in. open-ended steel pile and two (30- and 16-in.) square prestressed concrete (PSC) piles driven at two locations with very similar soil conditions. Both cone penetration tests (CPTs) and soil borings/laboratory testing were used to characterize the subsurface soil conditions. All the test piles were instrumented with vibrating wire strain gauges to measure the load distribution along the length of the test piles and measure the skin friction and end-bearing capacity, separately. Dynamic load tests were performed on all test piles at different times after pile installations to quantify the amount of setup with time. Static load tests were also performed on the PSC and open-ended steel piles. Due to expected large pile capacities, the statnamic test method was used on the two open-ended cylinder piles. The pile capacities of these piles were evaluated using various CPT methods (such as Schmertmann, De Ruiter and Beringen, LCPC, Lehane et al. methods). The result showed that all the methods can estimate the skin friction with good accuracy, but not the end-bearing capacity. The normalized cumulative blow counts during pile installation showed that the blow count was always higher for the PSC piles compared to the large-diameter open-ended cylinder pile, regardless of pile size and hammer size. Setup was observed for all the piles, which was mainly attributed to increase in skin frictions. The setup parameters “A” were back-calculated for all the test piles and the values were between 0.31 and 0.41. 相似文献
2.
本文研究用概率能量方法评估灌注桩极限承载力的可行性,研究所用数据取自南京市区的２００根桩例的ＣＡＰＷＡＰ反分析与静载试验结果。根据能量守恒定律并结合动态桩－土相互作用模型,详细地推导了桩极限承载力计算公式。并对其中的模型参数,Ｊｓ,Ｊｔ,Ｑｓ,Ｑｔ作为随机变量处理,统计分析了它们的平均值,标准差以及概率分布函数。用蒙特卡洛法模拟确定了桩极限承载力的概率分布函数,并进一步提出了计算桩极限承载力超过某一设计值的概率公式。通过计算的桩极限承载力与静载结果的良好可比性,说明了此方法的台理性与准确性。 相似文献
3.
为提高塑料套管混凝土桩（简称TC桩）的承载性能,结合桩侧注浆技术,发展和形成了塑料套管管侧前注浆桩（简称TCSG桩）。通过现场试验,对TCSG桩、TC桩和扩径塑料套管混凝土桩（简称TCLD桩）3种桩型在不同时期进行了静载试验,并引入了3种易于应用的单桩沉降计算模型对各桩体的沉降进行了计算。试验结果和沉降模型计算分析表明：与TC桩相比,TCSG桩增加了8.3%～20.0%的承载力,并减小了19.8%～33.5%的沉降,而TCLD桩降低了10.0%～16.7%的承载力,且增加了13.2%～43.8%桩体的沉降;TCSG桩的轴力衰减速率大于TC和扩径的TCLD桩的,TCSG桩的前、后期的平均轴力衰减速率相差不大,TC桩后期的平均轴力衰减速率相比前期提高了1.1%～14.2%,而TCLD桩却降低了5.9%～21.9%;在前、后期静载时,TCSG桩在各级荷载下的平均单位侧摩阻力相比TC桩分别提高了14.5%～39.6%和9.2%～28.6%,扩径后的TCLD桩则分别降低了4.9%～11.8%和11.5%～30.7%;管侧前注浆后的TCSG桩的时效特性不显著,扩径后的TCLD桩的侧摩阻力随时间减小而端阻力则增大;基于桩土荷载传递的单桩沉降计算模型能够较好地预测塑料套管桩的沉降。 相似文献
4.
水平荷载作用下PCC桩复合地基工作性状 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
利用河海大学岩土所自行研制开发的大型试验模型槽进行PCC桩水平承载足尺试验,实测得到了水平荷载作用下桩身弯矩分布。利用三维弹塑性有限元方法,研究了PCC单桩与等截面实心圆桩、PCC桩复合地基与等截面实心圆桩复合地基在水平荷载作用下的工作性状,对其桩身弯矩和水平位移的分布规律进行了比较,分析了竖向荷载、褥垫层厚度、基础埋深和置换率对PCC桩复合地基桩身性状的影响。研究表明,PCC桩复合地基在水平荷载作用下,随着竖向荷载、褥垫层厚度、基础埋深和置换率的增加,其桩身弯矩和水平位移随之减小。因此,在PCC桩复合地基设计时可以通过适度调整这些影响参数来减小水平荷载作用下的桩身弯矩和水平位移,确保桩身的安全。 相似文献
5.
A method for predicting the maximum mobilized side resistance and unit shaft resistance-displacement curves (load transfer functions) on piles in clay is described. The method was derived using a numerical solution to model pile installation effects and a finite element scheme to model pile loading. Results of three well-documented pile load tests on steel piles were used to develop intermediate steps and final solutions, and the method was verified by comparing predicted results to two other load tests. An expression is proposed to represent load transfer functins for use by practitioners for the design of bridge and other foundations in clay. 相似文献
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7.
针对地铁竖向振动在成层地基中的传播,提出了移动荷载作用下层状地基的分析模型。基于该模型,利用狄拉克函数及三重傅里叶变换将时空域内单个移动简谐荷载转换为频率-波数域内的荷载,结合薄层法和移动坐标系法推导了单个移动简谐荷载和移动简谐线荷载作用下三维层状地基动力响应的解析解,并给出了移动简谐线荷载动力响应解析解中参数n的经验取值范围;分析了荷载的移动速度对层状地基动力响应的影响以及弹性模量、泊松比、阻尼比和荷载频率对土体临界速度的影响。结果表明：荷载的移动速度对不同频带的动力响应的影响范围不同;移动速度对低频响应的影响程度大于对高频响应的影响程度;相比于泊松比和阻尼比,弹性模量对土体临界速度的影响最大;频率越接近荷载振动频率的振动响应,其幅值越大,临界速度越小。 相似文献
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9.
成层饱和土中考虑横向惯性的单桩纵向振动 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于饱和多孔介质理论,研究了成层饱和黏弹性土层中端承桩的纵向振动特性。首先利用Novak薄层法,得到了土层对纵向振动桩的动力阻抗。其次,将桩等效为Rayleigh-Love杆,给出了成层饱和黏弹性土中端承桩纵向振动的一般分析方法和桩头动力复刚度的解析表达式。具体分析了两层饱和黏弹性土中端承桩的纵向振动特性,得到了桩头动刚度因子和等效阻尼随频率的响应特征,讨论了物理和几何等参数对动刚度因子和等效阻尼的影响。结果表明：桩长径比、土层模量比以及桩土模量比等对桩头动刚度因子和等效阻尼有显著的影响。相比于均质土层中的桩,上层土越硬或下层为软弱土层,桩的动刚度因子和等效阻尼振动幅值增大,其周期随长径比显著变化,且对于大直径桩,动刚度因子和等效阻尼随频率呈振动变化。同时,土体与孔隙水相互作用系数和桩泊松比等的影响相对较小。其结果可作为桩基动力基础设计和动力检测等基础数据。 相似文献
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11.
Jay X. Wang 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2017,12(2):86-106
In this paper research was presented on the development of a growth-rate-dependent model for pile set-up prediction using the restrike and static/statnamic load testing data collected from different projects. The data included: a) restrike records from ninety-five production piles and restrike and load test results of nine instrumented piles driven in soft clays from the relocation project of Highway No. 1 in Louisiana (LA-1); and b) restrike and static load testing data of five fully instrumented square PPC piles driven at four different bridge sites in various soil layers from sands to clays in Florida. Research effort was focused on the prediction of the ultimate shaft resistances with pile set-up formulated using the pile resistance growth rate-dependent model. The timeframe of interest was studied for a practical set-up magnitude such as 90% of the ultimate shaft resistance (Q90). As an application of the rate-dependent model, it was found that piles at the LA-1 relocation project, in general, reached about 95% of the ultimate shaft resistances at the time of 2 weeks after pile installation. The strategy of incorporation of pile set-up in adjusting pile driving criteria or/and design during pile construction, such as the experience-based plan of a two-week waiting period adopted by Louisiana DOTD, was investigated and justified. 相似文献
12.
为了分析径向非均质土中单桩纵向振动特性,基于复刚度传递径向多圈层并采用黏性阻尼模型描述桩周土材料阻尼,建立了三维轴对称径向成层非均质土体中桩基纵向振动简化分析模型。采用Laplace变换和复刚度传递方法,递推得出桩周土体与桩体界面处复刚度,进而利用桩-土完全耦合条件推导得出桩顶动力阻抗解析解,并将所得解退化到均质土情况,与已有解答进行比较验证其合理性。在此基础上对桩基纵向振动特性进行参数化分析,计算结果表明：桩周土体阻尼系数、桩底土阻尼因子仅对桩顶动力阻抗曲线振幅有较明显的影响,而桩底土刚度因子对桩顶动力阻抗曲线振幅及共振频率均有显著影响;桩周土软（硬）化程度越高（低）,桩顶动力阻抗曲线振幅越大（小）;桩周土软（硬）化范围越大,桩顶动力阻抗曲线振幅水平越高（低）;但桩周土软（硬）化程度、软（硬）化范围对桩顶动力阻抗曲线共振频率影响则可忽略。 相似文献
13.
循环荷载下黏土应变积累积强化模型研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
循环加载历史是影响土的动力特性的一个重要因素。通过对一种原状粉质黏土进行高循环次数单剪试验,研究了黏土体应变随剪应变幅值及循环次数的变化规律,以及由于体应变的累积对黏土动力特性产生的影响。试验结果表明,黏土的体应变随着循环次数的增多和循环剪应变幅值的增大而增大,而土的动力特性则随着体应变的不断累积而出现强化现象,表现为动剪模量增加,阻尼比减小。对累积体应变与动剪模量、阻尼比之间的关系进行了研究,提出了相应的强化关系式。在常用的非线性模型基础上,通过引入动剪模量的强化系数和阻尼比的衰减系数,建立了一种能考虑循环应变历史影响的土动力模型。 相似文献
14.
The dynamic response of a viscoelastic bearing pile embedded in multilayered soil is theoretically investigated considering the transverse inertia effect of the pile. The soil layers surrounding the pile are modeled as a set of viscoelastic continuous media in three-dimensional axisymmetric space, and a simplified model, i.e., the distributed Voigt model, is proposed to simulate the dynamic interactions of the adjacent soil layers. Meanwhile, the pile is assumed to be a Rayleigh–Love rod with material damping and can be divided into several pile segments allowing for soil layers and pile defects. Both the vertical and radial displacement continuity conditions at the soil–pile interface are taken into account. The potential function decomposition method and the variable separation method are introduced to solve the governing equations of soil vibration in which the vertical and radial displacement components are coupled. On this basis, the impedance function at the top of the pile segment is derived by invoking the force and displacement continuity conditions at the soil–pile interface as well as the bottom of pile segment. The impedance function at the pile head is then obtained by means of the impedance function transfer method. By means of the inverse Fourier transform and convolution theorem, the velocity response in the time domain can also be obtained. The reasonableness of the assumptions of the soil-layer interactions have been verified by comparing the present solutions with two published solutions and a set of well-documented measured pile test data. A parametric analysis is then conducted using the present solutions to investigate the influence of the transverse inertia effect on the dynamic response of an intact pile and a defective pile for different design parameters of the soil–pile system. 相似文献
15.
非均质地基中群桩竖向荷载沉降关系分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用剪切位移法计算了桩轴向荷载传递因子。对于桩端采用线性的荷载传递函数,推导了基于弹塑性模型的单桩竖向荷载沉降的解析解。分析过程中考虑了土体强度沿深度线性变化的特性和桩土间的滑移现象,因此更符合大部分土体的实际性状。在此基础上,建立了考虑桩土滑移的桩-桩相互作用系数的计算公式,并将上述方法应用于群桩的分析,获得了群桩的荷载沉降特性。该分析方法克服了目前应用较多的弹性理论方法夸大桩土相互作用的缺点,单桩和群桩的荷载沉降曲线的分析结果和实测数据吻合,证明了该方法的合理性。 相似文献
16.
Static and dynamic lateral load tests were carried out on model aluminium single piles embedded in soft clay to study its
bending behaviour. Model aluminium piles with length to diameter ratios of 10, 20, 30 and 40 were used. Static lateral load
tests were conducted on piles by rope and pulley arrangement upto failure and load–deflection curves were obtained. Dynamic
lateral load tests were carried out for different magnitudes of load ranging from 7 to 30 N at wide range of frequencies from
2 to 50 Hz. The load transferred to the pile, pile head displacement and the strain variation along the pile length were measured
using a Data Acquisition System. Safe static lateral load capacity for all piles is interpreted from load–deflection curves.
Dynamic characteristics of the soil–pile system were arrived from the acquired experimental data. The soil–pile system behaves
predominantly in nonlinear fashion even at low frequency under dynamic load. The displacement amplitude under dynamic load
is magnified by 4.5–6.5 times the static deflection for all piles embedded in soft clay. But, the peak magnification factor
reduces with an increase in the magnitude of lateral load mainly because of increase of hysteretic damping at very soft consistency.
The maximum BM occurs at the fundamental frequency of the soil–pile system. Even the lower part of the pile affects the pile
head response to the inertial load applied at the pile head. The maximum dynamic BM is magnified by about 1.5 times the maximum
static BM for model piles in tested consistency of clay. The maximum dynamic BM occurs at a depth of about 1.5 times the depth
of maximum static BM for model piles, which indicates an increase of active pile length under dynamic load. 相似文献
17.
This paper presents the analyses of twelve prestressed concrete (PSC) instrumented test piles that were driven in different bridge construction projects of Louisiana in order to develop analytical models to estimate the increase in pile capacity with time or pile setup. The twelve test piles were driven mainly in cohesive soils. Detailed soil characterizations including laboratory and in situ tests were conducted to determine the different soil properties. The test piles were instrumented with vibrating wire strain gauges, piezometers, pressure cells that were monitored during the whole testing period. Several static load tests (SLTs) and dynamic load tests were conducted on each test pile at different times after end of driving (EOD) to quantify the magnitude and rate of setup. Measurements of load tests confirmed that pile capacity increases almost linearly with the logarithm of time elapsed after EOD. Case pile wave analysis program was performed on the restrikes data and was used along with the load distribution plots from the SLTs to evaluate the increase in skin friction capacity of individual soil layers along the length of the piles. The logarithmic linear setup parameter “A” for unit skin friction was calculated of the 70 individual clayey soil layers and was correlated with different soil properties such as undrained shear strength (Su), plasticity index, vertical coefficient of consolidation (cv), over consolidation ratio and sensitivity (St). Nonlinear multivariable regression analyses were performed, and three different empirical models are proposed to predict the pile setup parameter “A” as a function of soil properties. For verification, the subsurface soil conditions and setup information for additional 18 PSC piles collected from local database were used to compare the measured versus predicted “A” parameters from the proposed models, which showed good agreement.
相似文献18.
An elastoplastic model for the analysis of a driven pile extended at the bottom with a micropile under axial load is presented. The model is an extension of the integral equation method of Poulos and Davis. The finite-difference scheme used to obtain the pile displacements is reformulated to take into account the discontinuity in the stress distribution at the joint between pile and micropile. The results obtained with the proposed method are compared with the outcomes of a more sophisticated finite element simulation, and also with data from full-scale load tests. Reasonably good agreement is obtained in both cases. 相似文献
19.
现浇X形混凝土桩竖向承载性状模型试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究现浇X形混凝土桩的荷载沉降特性及其荷载传递机制,利用河海大学的大型试验模型槽开展X形桩的足尺模型静载荷试验。通过在桩身设置的钢筋测力计及在桩底埋设的土压力盒,实测了在竖向荷载作用下X形桩与土相互作用时的工作性状。试验结果表明：X形桩的荷载沉降曲线为缓变型;桩侧摩阻力与桩端阻力随桩顶沉降的增加均呈递增性;但随着桩顶荷载的增加,桩侧摩阻力分担桩顶荷载比例却呈递减性,其分担桩顶荷载比例由初期的约90%下降到极限状态时的70%左右,而桩端阻力分担桩顶荷载的比例呈递增性,其分担桩顶荷载比例由初期的约10%上升到极限状态时30%左右。研究成果可为今后竖向受荷X形桩的设计与研究提供重要参考。 相似文献
20.
在地震记录中,随机噪声严重影响了有效信号的提取,为此必须进行消噪处理。这里首先使用小波包变换对不同频段的信号进行精细分离,有效信号和噪声经小波包分解后,其小波包系数将表现出不同特性,然后根据这种不同特性进行去噪处理,对小波包分析法处理后的剩余地震信号再进行KL(Karhunen-Loeve)变换,提取相关有效信号,最后对提取的有效信号进行中值滤波处理,进一步去除剩余噪声。经合成地震剖面和实际地震剖面处理实验证明,小波包分析、KL变换和中值滤波联合去噪方法,能有效地消除较强的随机噪声,提高地震剖面信噪比和分辨率。 相似文献