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1.
Chronicle
In memory of M. A. Rateev 相似文献2.
We describe a small ilium, with fibrous texture characteristic of juvenile bone, from the lower Cenomanian of central Utah, U.S.A. The ilium was recovered from the upper part of the Mussentuchit Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation. The ilium most closely resembles that of immature ceratopsid ilia referred to Agujaceratops mariscalensis from the Campanian Aguja Formation of southern Texas, U.S.A. Both have everted dorsal margins over the iliac body, subhorizontal postacetabular processes, and laterally compressed, anteroventrally curved preacetabular processes. If correctly identified, the small ilium from the Cedar Mountain Formation is the oldest ceratopsid or ceratopsoid known, and shows that the diversity of early ceratopsians was greater than previously realized. 相似文献
3.
This paper is devoted to the program and means implemented within the Atomic Energy Commission (C.E.A.), with the collaboration of the National Agency for Radioactive Wastes (A.N.D.R.A.), to assess the properties of argillous materials, coming from French deposits. These are good candidates as constituent elements of engineered barriers for the disposal of weakly and highly harmful wastes (such as radioactive wastes). 相似文献
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5.
A systematic archaeoseismological study indicates that at least three earthquakes occurred between 400 B.C. and A.D. 600, causing destruction to numerous ancient monuments in Sicily. Evidence for these earthquakes comes from the collapse style of buildings (toppled walls, column drums in a domino‐style arrangement, directional collapses, etc.), and the exclusion of other likely causes for such effects. Dating of inferred earthquakes is based on coins (accurate to within 5–10 years), pottery (accurate to within 50–200 years), and other artifacts. The oldest documented earthquake occurred between 370 and 300 B.C. and caused the collapse of two Greek temples in Selinunte. This otherwise poorly documented event was probably also the cause of extensive destruction in northeastern Sicily in the first century A.D. Destruction of some sites may be assigned to an earthquake that occurred between 360 and 374 and correlates with the A.D. 365 seismic sequence known from historical sources. This study covers a wider region and provides a more precise dating of earthquakes than previous studies. Although it focuses on a certain period (4th–3rd centuries B.C., 4th–7th centuries A.D.), it indicates that the period before A.D. 1000 is not a period of seismic quiescence in Sicily as was previously believed, but to a period characterized by strong and destructive earthquakes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
6.
Patrick D. Nunn 《Geoarchaeology》2000,15(7):715-740
Paleosea‐level data for the Pacific Islands suggest that sea level in the region fell, possibly in two stages, between 680 and 475 cal yr B.P. (A.D. 1270–1475). This was associated with a ∼1.5°C fall in temperature (determined from oxygen‐isotope analysis) and an observed increase in El Niño frequency. For a long time, it has been clear that these changes—characterized as the “A.D. 1300 event”—brought about environmental and cultural changes on Pacific Islands. These are documented here systematically for the first time. Temperature fall, sea‐level fall, and possibly short‐lived precipitation increase are the principal effects of the A.D. 1300 event. Temperature fall stressed ecosystems, but its effects are difficult to separate from those of the others. Sea‐level fall saw dramatic falls of nearshore coral‐reef productivity and the formation of (habitable) reef islands (motu). Precipitation rise increased upland erosion and lowland sedimentation. The human outcomes of these environmental changes are organized in three groups: conflict, settlement‐pattern changes, and the end of long‐distance voyaging. Conflict increased during/after the A.D. 1300 event because of an abrupt fall in the food resource base. This also caused large coastal settlements on many islands to be abandoned in favor of caves and/or smaller fortified hilltop settlements. Successful long‐distance voyages ceased during/after the A.D. 1300 event, as did interisland exchange within many archipelagoes. The regional (rather than local) extent of the A.D. 1300 event is demonstrated. Questions remain as to its synchronicity and duration. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
7.
A series of basaltic and andesitic lavas from three centers in the Cascades (Lassen, Medicine Lake, Mt. Shasta) have been investigated. The lavas are weakly porphyritic, containing phenocrysts of plagioclase, augite, and olivine or orthopyroxene; these phases are also found in the groundmass. Titanomagnetite is a groundmass phase in most lavas but it appears to be absent in some. A sub-calcic augite is found in the groundmass in some of the basic lavas. Orthopyroxenes are present only in the salic lavas and show an increase in calcium with increasing iron. The range in composition shown by both phenocryst and groundmass plagioclase is very similar except that the phenocrysts extend to slightly more calcic compositions. The residual glasses in many of the lavas have a rhyolitic composition. However, only those from the Shasta andesites have normative salic constituents that plot near the ternary minimum in the Ab-Or-Qtz system at 500 bars. Both chemical and mineralogical data allow the lavas of the different centers to be distinguished from one another. The most likely origin for the orogenic lavas of the Cascades is by partial melting of the upper mantle. 相似文献
8.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(5):884-888
Tufa occurs widely in the Tatar A.S.S.R. and adjacent republics. It is associated with springs escaping from aquifers in deposits of Permian age. No tufa deposits were observed in the region where Jurassic and later deposits are developed. Tufa deposits occur because of a breakdown of calcium bicarbonate to CaCO3, water and CO2. The presence of organic matter and phosphorous inhibits this reaction, accounting in part for the lack of tufa deposition in the other regions. It appears also that tufa deposition is favored by 1) increase of water surface, hence increased evaporation and CaCO3 concentration and 2) slopes where argillaceous material is present.—J.J. Finney 相似文献
9.
在两个斜方辉石样品中观察到G.P.区亚稳相。内蒙古暗色辉长岩古铜辉石成分是En_(77)Fs_(18·6)Wo_(4·4),其高分辨象显示了密集的单层G.P.区;玄武岩中变辉长岩包体古铜辉石成分是En_(72·2)Fs_(25·7)Wo_(2·1),具双层G.P.区。该包体与具多层G.P.区的月岩橄长岩相似,后期冷却极快。在地体火成岩体结晶和冷却过程中易出现单层G.P.区,而岩体的大小,冷却的快慢可能影响G.P.区的密度。对N-14样品不同放大倍数的高分辨象G.P.区线密度和面密度的统计值同样具代表性。文中设想了G.P.区出溶的假二元系相图。 相似文献
10.
A.J. Ellis 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1976,40(11):1359-1374
The I.A.G.C. international programme of interlaboratory comparison of water analysis quality involved seven waters, including surface waters, a ground water, an alkaline spring water, a sample ‘spiked’ with heavy metals, and a geothermal water. Forty-eight laboratories in eighteen countries participated.Sample stability was little problem for most major solutes and for minor elements at concentrations greater than tens of ppb. Iron analyses were erratic for some samples, and the stability of nitrogen species was suspect in unsterilized samples. For major constituents in surface waters the results were of reasonable quality but for waters of unusual composition e.g. the geothermal and alkaline spring water, the results were far from satisfactory. Of the common constituents, SO4, NO3, F, and SiO2 showed the greatest range of results. The most consistent results for trace elements at the 10 ppb level were for Be, Cd, Cu, Hg, and Li. Lower quality results (coefficient of variation over 30) were obtained for Fe, As, Mn, Co, Ni, Pb and Zn. 相似文献
11.
中国地质学家李四光与当时苏联地学界来往交流紧密,他对地质学的贡献得到了苏联地质学家的高度评价。1958年,苏联科学院全体大会选举李四光为苏联科学院院士,并授予卡尔宾斯基金质奖章;该奖章是1947年由当时的苏联科学院和俄罗斯科学院共同发起的、对地质科学有突出贡献的科学家最高单人奖励,李四光是第六位获奖人,也是至2017年止唯一获此殊荣的外籍地质学家,他的获奖理由是:在地质、古生物、地层和矿产研究工作的综合贡献。李四光有两部著作在苏联被译成俄文出版,分别是1952年的《中国地质学》和1958年的《中国西北部的旋卷构造》,这两部译作对当时的苏联地质界产生了很大影响,极大地推动了李四光学术思想的广泛认知;"地质无国界",中国地调百年的发展历程也有着俄罗斯地学理论、规范、方法实践的烙印,在新的"一带一路"合作倡议和李四光学术精神传承下,中俄、中国与中亚在地学领域的交流合作将不断深化,硕果累累。 相似文献
12.
A brief summary of Dr. G. V. Rao's research interests is presented. Many of his earlier studies were in conjunction with the
summer Monsoon Experiment of 1979 (MONEX-79). These included: 1) the structure of the Somali jet based on aerial observations;
2) sea-level air trajectories over the equatorial Indian Ocean; 3) structural features of the east African low-level flow;
4) effects of Indian Ocean surface temperature anomaly patterns on the summer monsoon circulations; 5) structures of the monsoon
low-level flow over the Arabian Sea; 6) characteristics and momentum-flux budgets of the Arabian Sea convective bands; and
7) evaporation and precipitation over the Arabian Sea during the monsoon seasons. Dr. Rao's research efforts in recent years
had focused on case studies of mesocyclones spawned by tropical cyclones (TCs) in Florida using Doppler radar data and a mesoscale
numerical model. These included: 1) research on tornadic mesocyclones spawned by TC Earl in 1998; 2) documentation of subtle
differences between tornadic and non-tornadic mesocyclones in TC Floyd in 1999; and 3) numerical simulation of the tornadic
environment observed in peninsular Florida during TC Earl in 1998. Preliminary findings show that the supercells' cold pools
interacted with an existing boundary resulting in increased baroclinicity and horizontal vorticity, and a maximization of
the tornado production potential by the updrafts. The model successfully simulated the mesoscale features of the mesocyclones
and the tornadic environment observed during TC Earl. A 24 h simulation of accumulated rainfall within the inner domain agreed
well with the observed precipitation pattern over the region. 相似文献
13.
S. N. Lal 《Journal of Earth System Science》1995,104(1):79-84
A refined mathematical equation is proposed to quantify the ambient activity of water during granulite fades metamorphism.
The thermodynamic calculations point to the low activity of water during metamorphism in the area around Anakapalle, Vishakhapatnam
district, A.P. Carbonic metamorphism seems to be responsible for the low activity of water during this metamorphism. Calc-silicate
rocks in the area, could have been the source of the CO2. 相似文献
14.
Three areas located in northern Arkansas, U.S.A., representing differing host rock and mineralization, were selected to investigate the usefulness of hydrogeochemical exploration for Mississippi Valley-type Pb-Zn mineralization. Despite the geologic differences among the areas, there were no great differences in groundwater chemistry and threshold values. Anomalous Pb concentrations, and also anomalous Zn concentrations to a lesser extent, are useful in detecting the Pb-Zn mineralized areas; however, specific deposits could not be located. Because of the low threshold values (about 20 μg/1) for Pb and Zn, spring water must be utilized in order to avoid plumbing contamination. 相似文献
15.
祁连山中部公元904年以来树木年轮记录的旱涝变化 总被引：19，自引：6，他引：13
利用取自祁连山中部地区的树木年轮样本和该地区3个站点的降水资料,应用年轮气候学方法,重建了祁连山中部地区的降水量.自公元904年以来,该地区历经了31次相对干期和30次相对湿润期,其中,连续两个10a以上的干期有17次,湿润期12次,最长的干期是1540—1590年间,长达60a,最长的湿润期是1240—1270年、1860—1890年,各有40a.世纪尺度范围内,16世纪是最干的100a,有80a为少雨年;最湿润的是13世纪和19世纪,这期间有60a为多雨.自公元904年以来,降水量共发生了35次突变,16次是由旱向涝的突变,19次是由涝向旱的突变.平均约30a发生一次.11世纪是该地区降水的多变时期,15～16世纪是降水的相对稳定时段,20世纪又进入了降水的多变时期. 相似文献
16.
An apparatus is described which permits precise, versatile control of simulated tidal flux in laboratory microcosms. A key component of the system, a programmable electronic control unit, can closely imitate any natural tidal function and is readily adaptable to other experimental applications that utilize timed switching capability. The programmable control unit is also cheaper and easier to operate than computer-based systems. 相似文献
17.
To evaluate muck sediments as a potential soil amendment, total and Mehlich III-extractable concentrations of Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Co in 59 muck sediment samples from the St. Lucie Estuary were analyzed. A seven-step chemical fractionation procedure was used to assess the potential mobility of heavy metals. Except for Cd, the average total concentrations of the metals are lower than the reported average concentrations of these elements in municipal composts in the U.S.A. The concentrations were also below critical levels for the safe use of wastes and byproducts in agriculture, as established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn and Co in the sediments were predominantly associated with silicate minerals in the residual form. Most metals in the muck sediments occur predominantly in weakly mobile or nonbioavailable forms. Use of mucks in neutral pH upland soils should not pose any significant hazards or risk to the environment. However, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Co, especially Zn, Cu, and Pb, could be more readily released from the muck sediments under acidic soil conditions. 相似文献
18.
公元8世纪以来贵州荔波石笋高分辨率的气候变化记录 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
通过中国贵州荔波龙泉洞L1及L2两根石笋19件ICPMS230 Th测年和459件氧稳定同位素分析, L1时限范围为918-1910aA. D. , L2为724-1888aA. D. ;稳定同位素样品的平均分辨率分别为6. 6a和3. 6a。两根石笋δ18O记录取得了平行一致的结果,石笋记录可分为3个气候期,即: 中世纪冷期(公元8世纪- 995aA.D. ) ,石笋δ18O总的偏重,变化幅度较小,最轻为- 8. 84‰ ,最重为- 6. 72‰ ,平均值为- 7. 76‰ ;中世纪暖期( 995- 1340a A. D. ) ,石笋记录为两峰夹一谷, 200年级的一个半旋回,δ18O最轻为- 9. 47‰ ,最重为- 6. 58‰ ,平均值为- 7. 94‰ ;小冰期( 1340- 1880aA. D. ) ,石笋记录为四谷三峰相间交替,即季风表现出由弱到强的200年级3个半旋回,δ18O最轻为- 9. 50‰ ,最重为- 6. 07‰ ,平均值与中世纪暖期基本一致,为- 7. 92‰ ,但变化幅度要大一些,特别是弱季风期要偏重一些。L1及L2两石笋δ18O记录可以很好地和中国中东部物候记录对比。在总体变化格局上也可以和格陵兰冰芯记录进行对比。石笋记录也可以与宇宙核素产率及太阳耀斑记录进行对比,小冰期中石笋δ18O记录的4个低谷期(弱季风期) ,正好与宇宙核素产率及太阳耀斑曲线的低谷区相对应,并分别可以和太阳黑子1810年达尔顿极小值、1645- 1715年蒙德极小值1420- 1530年的斯波瑞尔极小值、1280- 1440年的沃尔夫极小值一一对应。太阳黑子的变化,直接改变地球接受太阳辐射能量的变化,说明低纬度地区短尺度季风气候直接响应于太阳辐射能量的变化。 相似文献
19.
R. Joseph Fiacco Jr. Julie M. Palais Mark S. Germani Gregory A. Zielinski Paul A. Mayewski 《Quaternary Research》1993,39(3)
A microparticle concentration peak in a GISP2 ice core contains volcanic glass shards of rhyolitic composition that correspond in age to the 1479-1480 A.D. Mt. St. Helens Wn eruption. These glass shards are compositionally similar to the Wn tephra and constitute 83% of the total particle population. The shards are very coarse-grained (up to 40 μm diameter), suggesting rapid transport from their source to Greenland. A major sulfate peak in the ice occurs approximately 4 months after deposition of the glass shards. This difference in depositional timing suggests primarily tropospheric transport of the ash and stratospheric transport of the sulfate aerosol. Large-scale climatic perturbations following this eruption were evidently negligible. Glaciochemical seasonal indicators suggest a late-fall to early-winter 1479 A.D. eruption. 相似文献
20.
Linda A. Johnson John J.W. Rogers Richard M. Nagy 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1976,40(11):1419-1420
The Llano uplift exposes rocks of approximately 1000 m.y. age. The weighted average composition of the exposed crust is: 70.7% SiO2; 0.35% TiO2; 13.6% A12O3; 3.4% total Fe as Fe2O3; 1.1% MgO; 2.6% CaO; 3.3% Na2O; and 4.4% K2O. This composition is similar to, but more potassic, than equivalent estimates for the Canadian shield. 相似文献