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1.
This paper examines the environmental impacts of small-scale gold mining in Ghana, and prescribes a series of recommendations for improving environmental performance in the industry. Since the enactment of the Small Scale Gold Mining Law in 1989, which effectively legalized small-scale gold mining in the country, industrial operations, collectively, have made important contributions to national gold output, foreign exchange earnings and employment. Accompanying this pattern of socio-economic growth, however, have been increased environmental complications – namely, mercury pollution and land degradation. The Ghanaian Minerals Commission has been burdened with most of the jurisdictional responsibilities related to small-scale mining, but with a staff of only 35–40 people working with a pool of highly obsolete research resources, it is clearly incapable of facilitating sufficient environmental improvement on its own. It is concluded that marked environmental improvements can only be achieved if: (1) assistance is provided to the Minerals Commission from local governmental bodies and academic units; (2) industry-specific environmental management tools and strategies are designed and implemented; (3) concerted effort is made to prospect for deposits suitable for small-scale gold mining, a key to preventing unnecessary exploration; and (4) a nation-wide industrial mercury study is commissioned, and a mercury retorting programme is implemented. 相似文献
2.
Gold mining is a tremendously important economic activity in rural districts of Ethiopia. We assessed the impacts of artisanal gold mining on soil and woody vegetation in northern Ethiopia. Estimation of soil loss, plant inventory, group discussions and transect studies were used to address the research questions. We employed t‐test to compare woody species and soil loss between mined and unmined sites. Moreover, we ran one‐way ANOVA to compare the average volume of soil loss among the mining sites. The study shows that gold mining removed colossal volumes of soil from the mining landscape with a significant difference among gold mining sites ( P ≤ 0.05). Soil loss between the mined and unmined sites was also significant ( P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, gold mining destroyed massive tracts of vegetation. Woody species encountered at plot level decreased from artisanal gold mined to unmined sites ( P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, dead trees and exposed tree roots were higher in mined than the unmined areas ( P ≤ 0.05). This discouraged regeneration and recruitment of woody vegetation. To conclude, gold mining system converted vegetated sites and farmlands into dysfunctional landscape. Therefore, we suggest that combined rehabilitation efforts are required to overcome the challenges of artisanal gold mining on sustainable land management in northern Ethiopia. 相似文献
3.
An application of the theory of fuzzy sets to the mapping of gold mineralization potential in the Baguio gold mining district of the Philippines is described. Proximity to geological features is translated into fuzzy membership functions based upon qualitative and quantitative knowledge of spatial associations between known gold occurrences and geological features in the area. Fuzzy sets of favorable distances to geological features and favorable lithologic formations are combined using fuzzy logic as the inference engine. The data capture, map operations, and spatial data analyses are carried out using a geographic information system. The fuzzy predictive maps delineate at least 68% of the known gold occurrences that are used to generate the model. The fuzzy predictive maps delineate at least 76% of the unknown gold occurrences that are not used to generate the model. The results are highly comparable with the results of previous stream-sediment geochemical survey in the area. The results demonstrate the usefulness of a geologically constrained fuzzy set approach to map mineral potential and to redirect surficial exploration work in the search for yet undiscovered gold mineralization in the mining district. The method described is applicable to other mining districts elsewhere. 相似文献
4.
Chile has a rich, but poorly known history of placer gold mining. At present, this sector is almost nonexistent and there are some restrictions for its revival: disperse and partial information on existing resources and limited technical expertise to assess the potential of placer gold mine sites. This paper presents the background, methodology and results of the prioritization process of known prospects of this kind in Chile. This research was part of a publicly funded project aimed to incentivize the development of this industry. The ranking was carried out using the analytic hierarchy process, which allowed to include different quantitative and qualitative variables related to the economic potential, technical aspects, contextual viability and socioeconomic factors in the analysis. The results show that, despite the increasing relevance of environmental and community issues in mining development, the business potential and the economic/technical aspects are the main factors in the early selection of a site to advance in exploration and development activities. Both variables represented around 40% and 37% of weights in the final selection, respectively. In contrast, contextual viability and local socioeconomic impacts only accounted for the remaining 23%. This study also shows that the inclusion of experts with different backgrounds in the process enriches the analysis and does not significantly distort the final outcome of the prioritization. Finally, the relevance of using MCDM tools when assessing the attractiveness of mine sites for their development is highlighted, particularly when public funds for subsequent exploration activities are committed. 相似文献
5.
This paper examines how the past is constructed and mobilized within contemporary Peruvian mining politics. Beginning with an exploration of tensions existing within the mining industry's relationship to its history, I analyze how mining proponents have sought to both naturalize today's mining expansion by locating it within a national history of extraction, while also working to break free from certain negative aspects of the industry's past. The paper then examines how the past is remembered and invoked within the context of on‐the‐ground struggles at a large‐scale gold mine in the region of Ancash. I address the contradictory ways in which local history is constructed in these struggles and document how memories of past experiences with mining inform how area residents understand and critique the “new” mining economy. This paper underscores the need to understand the complicated, selective, and often‐contradictory ways in which the past is made present in extractive industry conflicts. 相似文献
6.
This article evaluates the linkages between transnational mining corporations and local migration dynamics in Peru. Changes in migration patterns in the Cajamarca region of Peru over the past decade are examined via a case study of the gold mining operations of Newmont Mining Corporation. The study considers household migration behavior in communities surrounding the mine as well as transformations in regional, national, and international migration patterns. Also examined are the temporal nature of these changing patterns across short, medium, and long‐term time periods. 相似文献
7.
Bétaré-Oya is one of the gold mining districts in the eastern region of Cameroon. Structural controls on gold mineralization were examined along the Bétaré-Oya Shear Zone, providing further clues on favorable areas for mineral exploration. GIS-based methods combining point pattern (i.e., quadrat count, Fry analysis) and distance distribution analysis were employed here to delineate the spatial patterns of known gold deposits and to evaluate their spatial association with geological structures. Results show that the gold deposits in this area are spatially clustered. At the regional scale, the Fry plot indicates an alignment of deposits, suggesting that gold mineralization is controlled by structures oriented NNE–SSW and NE–SW. At the deposit scale, an alignment is also evident, indicating that the mineralization is also controlled by ENE–WSW-trending structures. The cumulative relative frequency distribution of distances from lineament features to gold occurrence points (DM) and to non-occurrence points (DN) ratio (DM/DN) was used to rank these two major structural trends and their relative importance as mineralization control. The yielded grades show that NE–SW-trending lineaments, akin to P-type structures, play a major role in controlling the gold mineralization in the area compared to other structures. Beyond the goal to foster mineral prospection in the Bétaré-Oya gold district, information yielded in the present study provides relevant criteria for further exploration in the eastern region of Cameroon. 相似文献
8.
Mineral exploration activities require robust predictive models that result in accurate mapping of the probability that mineral deposits can be found at a certain location. Random forest (RF) is a powerful machine data-driven predictive method that is unknown in mineral potential mapping. In this paper, performance of RF regression for the likelihood of gold deposits in the Rodalquilar mining district is explored. The RF model was developed using a comprehensive exploration GIS database composed of: gravimetric and magnetic survey, a lithogeochemical survey of 59 elements, lithology and fracture maps, a Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper image and gold occurrence locations. The results of this study indicate that the use of RF for the integration of large multisource data sets used in mineral exploration and for prediction of mineral deposit occurrences offers several advantages over existing methods. Key advantages of RF include: (1) the simplicity of parameter setting; (2) an internal unbiased estimate of the prediction error; (3) the ability to handle complex data of different statistical distributions, responding to nonlinear relationships between variables; (4) the capability to use categorical predictors; and (5) the capability to determine variable importance. Additionally, variables that RF identified as most important coincide with well-known geologic expectations. To validate and assess the effectiveness of the RF method, gold prospectivity maps are also prepared using the logistic regression (LR) method. Statistical measures of map quality indicate that the RF method performs better than LR, with mean square errors equal to 0.12 and 0.19, respectively. The efficiency of RF is also better, achieving an optimum success rate when half of the area predicted by LR is considered. 相似文献
9.
拉民稿金多金属矿化区位于通辽市库伦旗西南部拉民稿地区,根据野外地质调查结果,在矿区圈出金多金属矿化带四条（PS1、PS2、PS3、PS4）,采样含金品位一般为（0.11-7.48）×10-6,最高为13.56×10-6,含银最高品位为92.5×10-6。钻孔中圈出矿体可分三类：灰岩（见黄铁矿化、硅化）、板岩（见黄铁矿化... 相似文献
10.
通过黄冈市矿产资源开发利用现状调查和研究,找出了开采和管理中存在的主要问题。这些问题是牵涉矿业生存和发展的大事大非问题,必须从地质找矿、矿产资源合理开发利用、矿山地质环境保护和矿政综合监督管理四个方面进行统筹解决。只有与时俱进,改革创新,转变矿业经济发展方式,整装勘查,科技创新,节约集约综合利用矿产资源,建设绿色矿山,打造和谐矿区,才能找出、管住和用好矿产资源,才能保护好矿山地质环境,才能实现矿业经济全面、协调、健康和可持续发展。 相似文献
11.
采煤沉陷湖由采煤地表沉陷经常年积水而形成,把采煤沉陷湖改造为人工湿地是近年来中国尝试的一种生态修复途径。由于采煤沉陷湖人工湿地对区域微观环境改良作用明显,从而对周边土地价格产生溢出效应。以平原高潜水位地区采煤沉陷湖人工湿地——九里湖湿地为研究案例,以商业和住宅用地为研究对象,分别采集九里湖湿地生态修复前后相同评估基准日的区域地价样点数据,通过Kriging空间插值生成价格曲面,以地统计和GIS栅格计算的方法测度了九里湖湿地对周边土地价格的溢出效应。研究表明,越接近九里湖湿地,土地价格涨幅越高,且明显高于九里湖湿地所在区域土地价格的平均涨幅,显示出九里湖湿地对周边土地价格产生了明显的溢出效应。经进一步测算得出,九里湖湿地对周边商业、住宅用地价格的溢出效应影响范围分别为21.07 km 2和20.76 km 2,影响强度分别为135.76元/m 2、182.39元/m 2。把溢出效应影响范围和城市规划用地进行套合,通过栅格计算得出,研究期间九里湖湿地对周边商业、住宅用地价格的溢出效应价值分别为20 225.64万元、20 507.09万元,其溢出效应的价值总量（ ΔSE）为40 732.73万元。 相似文献
12.
The Bodie mining district in Mono County, California, is zoned with a core polymetallic-quartz vein system and silver- and gold-bearing quartz-adularia veins north and south of the core. The veins formed as a result of repeated normal faulting during doming shortly after extrusion of felsic flows and tuffs, and the magmatic-hydrothermal event seems to span at least 2 Ma.Epithermal mineralization accompanied repeated movement of the normal faults, resulting in vein development in the planes of the faults. The veins occur in a very large area of argillic alteration. Individual mineralized structures commonly formed new fracture planes during separate fault movements, with resulting broad zones of veinlets growing in the walls of the major vein-faults. The veinlet swarms have been found to constitute a target estimated at 75,000,000 tons, averaging 0.037 ounce gold per ton. The target is amenable to bulkmining exploitation.The epithermal mineralogy is simple, with electrum being the most important precious metal mineral. The host veins are typical low-sulfide banded epithermal quartz and adularia structures that filled voids created by the faulting. Historical data show that beneficiation of the simple vein mineralogy is very efficient.
On the cover: Southeast view of Bodie mining district in Mono County, California, one of the more famous pioneer epithermal gold producers in the western U.S. Recent exploration drilling suggests an additional resource of 2 million ounces of gold. The townsite is at the intersection of roads near the center of the photo. The foreground is mainly tuff breccia of the Bodie Hills volcanic field. Arcuate lines in the valley beyond the hills are old Mono Lake shorelines. The White Mountains form the ridge on the skyline. Photo by Frank Kleinhampl, about 1970. 相似文献
13.
对中国卤水提锂资源开发现状进行专利信息的数据挖掘和分析。借助专利申请趋势、区域分布、申请人分布、IPC分布、专利技术比较分析等展现卤水锂资源开发的技术概况、研发热点与态势。研究可为企业的后续研发提供数据支持。 相似文献
14.
利用矿业软件Surpac,收集矿山在开采过程中的生产勘探数据和南矿段补勘所采集的钻孔资料,更新了地质数据库;对乌山铜钼矿矿床模型进行了优化研究;为边际品位指标优化提供了地质资源基础;同时也作为储量估算和境界圈定的依据。 相似文献
15.
In this study, deposit- and district-scale three-dimensional (3D) fault-and-intrusion structure models were constructed, based on which a numerical simulation was implemented in the Jiaojia gold district, China. The numerical simulation of the models shows the basic metallogenic path and trap of the gold deposits using mineral system theory. The objective of this study was to delineate the uncertainty of the geometry or buffer zones of the ore-forming and ore-controlling fault-and-intrusion domains in 3D environment representing the exploration criteria extraction and the gold potential targeting in the study area. The fast Lagrangian analysis of continua in three dimensions was used as the platform to define the stress deformation fracture ore storage and the hydrothermal seepage channel zone based on the gold deposit features and metallogenic model in the study area. The validity of the numerical simulation was verified by comparing it with robust 3D geological models of the large Xincheng gold deposit. The potential targeting zones are analyzed for uncertainty and then evaluated by Boolean operation in a 3D geological model using the computer-aided design platform. The research results are summarized as follows. (1) In the pre-mineralization period, the Jiaodong fault’s left lateral movement created the Jiaojia network faults and formed a fracture zone with NW- to NNW-trending dips of 20° to 40°. (2) During the mineralization period, hydrothermal flow was associated with the intrusion geometry and features. However, it was constrained by the Jiaojia fault, which blocked the vadose flow into the upper wall rock and made the hydrothermal route close to the fault in the footwall fracture zones. (3) Three gold potential targets were identified by the numerical simulation results in the study area: the NW-trending Sizhuang gold deposit, the NW-trending zone of Jiaojia gold deposit, and the NE-trending zone of the Xincheng gold deposit. (4) The numerical simulation results show the fault-and-intrusion metallogenic domain and the hydrothermal alteration zones, which reflect the main ore-controlling and ore-forming factors of mineralization. The information obtained through the numerical simulation discussed here can be used to define exploration criteria in the study area. 相似文献
17.
Geoscientific Information Systems (GIS) provide tools to quantitatively analyze and integrate spatially referenced information
from geological, geophysical, and geochemical surveys for decision-making processes. Excellent coverage of well-documented,
precise and good quality data enables testing of variable exploration models in an efficient and cost effective way with GIS
tools. Digital geoscientific data from the Geological Survey of Finland (GTK) are being used widely as spatial evidence in
exploration targeting, that is ranking areas based on their exploration importance. In the last few years, spatial analysis
techniques including weights-of-evidence, logistic regression, and fuzzy logic, have been increasingly used in GTK’s mineral
exploration and geological mapping projects. Special emphasis has been put into the exploration for gold because of the excellent
data coverage within the prospective volcanic belts and because of the increased activity in gold exploration in Finland during
recent years. In this paper, we describe some successful case histories of using the weights-of-evidence method for the Au-potential
mapping. These projects have shown that, by using spatial modeling techniques, exploration targets can be generated by quantitatively
analyzing extensive amounts of data from various sources and to rank these target areas based on their exploration potential. 相似文献
19.
云南勐满金矿位于临沧——勐海花岗岩体西接触带之小南婆——西定铁金多金属成矿区,矿区内硅质岩发育。显微镜下观察,硅质岩无明显的生物迹象。而化学成分分析显示,W(Al)/W(Al+Fe+Mn)值远大于0.35,不具有热水沉积作用典型的高铁锰特征。综合各现象可初步判定硅质岩属交代沉淀成因。硅质岩的形成与金矿化之间存在密切的联系,因而可将硅质岩作为金矿勘探开发的一条重要找矿标志。 相似文献
20.
An attempt is made to find the answer to the question as to why the measures of the environmental institutions of Russia are ineffective for the avoidance and prevention of the degradation of aquatic ecosystems in placer gold mining. It is established that the size of payments to be made by companies engaged in placer gold mining are such that they almost cannot stimulate any nature conservation initiatives. Moreover, they even cannot be the argument for observance of environmental legislation. It is shown that the high transaction costs borne by the State, with minor expenditures of nature resource users connected with the protection of environmental natural systems fail to achieve the objectives imposed upon the supervising institutions. It is established that local authorities are directly interested in increasing placer gold mining as well as in gaining the loyalty of artels implying registration of the enterprise in this region, because these tax proceeds are exceptionally important for municipal formations facing a chronic financial deficit, a budgetary uncertainty and a dependence on regional and federal subsidies and transfers. Finance flows were calculated and analyzed to show that a very important problem for Russia’s eastern regions that involves reconciling the economic and ecological interests in placer gold mining is not resolved through “cosmetic changes” in organs of state supervision. It is concluded that there is a need for new institutional solutions in order to create and increase incentives for users of mineral resources and local authorities for observance of environmental regulations, the preservation and restoration of disturbed ecosystems, and for the ecologization of production processes. 相似文献
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