共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
THOMAS PERREAULT 《Geographical review》2003,93(3):328-349
ABSTRACT. This article examines the formation of social capital—defined as the norms of trust and reciprocity integral to social relations—and the ways in which it may help rural people's organizations gain access to rights and resources. The formation of social capital must be viewed within the context of the symbolic systems, or cultural capital, that imbues social relations with meaning. The concept of social capital provides a valuable conceptual framework for analyzing the multiscale processes of environmental management, rural development, and resource conflicts with which many rural social movements are involved. The role played by social capital is illustrated through a detailed case study of an indigenous political and cultural organization in the Ecuadorian Amazon. The organizational history of a lowland Quichua federation and the successes and problems it has had in managing development projects and achieving political objectives provide insight into the importance of social capital in the development of the region. 相似文献
2.
黄土高原退耕农户生计资本对生计策略的影响——以甘肃会宁县为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
探索贫困地区退耕农户的生计资本与生计策略关系,对实现精准扶贫、乡村振兴战略具有重要意义。基于甘肃会宁县退耕农户调查数据,构建了具有区域特色的生计资本指标体系,采用熵值法测算生计资本,运用Logistic回归模型探讨了退耕农户生计策略选择问题。结果表明：（1）研究区退耕农户拥有的生计资本中人力资本指数最低,且各生计资本值存在差异;（2）金融资本中的现金收入可以显著增加退耕农户选择非农型生计策略的概率,而自然资本中的平地面积、物质资本中的耐用消费品价值和金融资本中的资金获得渠道会显著降低退耕农户选择非农型生计策略的概率;（3）对于不同退耕程度的农户,现金收入依旧可以显著增加选择非农型生计策略的概率,而抑制两类农户选择非农型生计策略的生计资本指标则存在差异。基于此,提出改善退耕农户的金融资本的多项措施,进而提高农户的非农生计意愿,更好地解决贫困问题。 相似文献
3.
新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情给农户生计发展带来了重大风险,而生计资本是抵御疫情冲击、阻断返贫危机的关键。论文以重点疫区湖北省及周边地区为研究区域,基于可持续生计分析框架,从生计资本“结构—存量”多维视角出发,采用内生转换回归模型分析疫区465户农户生计资本对疫情风险的抵御作用。研究发现：① 重点疫区农户生计资本总量不高,疫情可能诱发生计脆弱性但不是唯一要素,基层公共卫生建设也极为重要;② 生计资本对疫情风险有显著抵御效应,人力资本维度作用更为凸显,物质资本占比过高反而会削弱疫情应对能力;③ 农户生计资本结构与存量分布不均,家庭劳动力、健康投入、财富积累、居住环境、社会阅历等是核心要素;④ 疫后生计恢复主要依赖于人力与金融资本的积累,而帮扶关键在于应急和兜底保障,要根据区域农户生计特征拟定差异化的疫情常态防控举措。 相似文献
4.
5.
基于1990—2018年福建省统计数据,建立向量自回归模型,运用现代计量分析方法,研究福建省科技人力资本、产业结构合理化与经济增长的关系。结果表明:福建科技人力资本、产业结构合理化与经济增长之间存在长期稳定的协整关系,科技人力资本和产业结构合理化是促进经济增长的重要影响因素,科技人力资本对经济增长的促进作用更大;科技人力资本对产业结构合理化具有长期显著的促进作用。基于此,从提高科技人力资本存量、保障科研经费投入、优化科技人力资本配置方面提出加快推动产业结构优化、促进经济持续快速增长的对策建议。 相似文献
6.
地方政府主导下的资本循环与城市化：以鄂尔多斯康巴什新区为例 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
以鄂尔多斯市康巴什新区为例,对其发展过程中的资本循环和政府作用进行分析,并提出“地方政府主导下的资本循环”这一研究框架。研究表明,新区的建设包含3个资本循环的过程,分别是煤炭的资本化,土地、基础设施、房地产的资本化,以及向先进制造业和第三产业的资本流动。通过一系列行政手段,地方政府主导了3次循环中的资本积累,以及资本在3次循环之间的转换。 相似文献
7.
产业特性、区域特征与中国制造业省区集聚 总被引：22，自引：1，他引：21
产业地理集聚存在产业差异和区域差异。本文结合产业特性和区域特征揭示产业集聚的形成机制。采用2004 年第一次经济普查数据,本文发现交通密度、政府支出比重、开发区数量以及贸易壁垒强度等区域特征显著影响产业集聚。在产业特性与区域特征交叉分析中发现,市场化促进了农业投入依赖性强、产业联系强、劳动密集型及研发密集型的产业的空间扩散,交通网络的完善有利于产业联系强的、规模经济显著的产业的分散布局,在市场潜力较大的省区规模经济显著的产业更为集聚;地方政府的产业和区域政策促进了产业联系较强的产业集聚,而拉动了利税率高的、国有企业主导的、属于国家重点计划的产业分散布局;各级政府建立的开发区和园区则尤其不利于国家计划重点产业的集聚和规模经济的实现。本文研究表明,贸易理论与新经济地理理论对于中国的制造业集聚具有一定的解释力,而中国的政策制度环境也是产业集聚的重要影响因素。产业集聚需要一定的产业和区域条件,并非所有产业和所有区域内都能够实现高水平的产业集聚。 相似文献
8.
ABSTRACTIn this study, we examine the relationship between neighborhood-based social capital and residents’ life satisfaction by considering resident heterogeneity. Using a database of the city of Rotterdam, The Netherlands, we find a small but significant positive association between neighborhood-based social capital and individual life satisfaction. However, we also find considerable differences among residents because neighborhood-based social capital is important mainly for people who are more likely to spend considerable time in the neighborhood or who are more neighborhood dependent (i.e. less-educated people, people who live on welfare, people with poor health, retired people, and those who are divorced or widowed). Our results confirm the importance of neighborhood-based social capital for residents’ life satisfaction in terms of both actual social contacts with neighbors and the perceived social cohesion within a neighborhood. At the same time, the importance of neighborhood-based social capital varies among different groups of residents. These findings have important implications for policy-makers. 相似文献
9.
Sharad Chari 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2003,24(2):169-183
This paper addresses questions of ethnography in geographic fieldwork through research conducted on globalisation and work in Tiruppur, an industrial boomtown in South India. During the last two decades of the twentieth century, Tiruppur town in western Tamilnad State became India's centrepiece in the export of garments made of knitted cloth. This industrial boom has been organised through networks of small firms integrated through intricate subcontracting arrangements controlled by local capital of Gounders from modest agrarian and working‐class origins. In effect, the whole town works like a decentralised factory for the global economy, but with local capital of peasant‐worker origins at the helm. My research explores the historical geographic trajectories linking agrarian and industrial work, and the ways in which these histories are used in the present. In these uses of the past in remaking self and place, I interrogate the self‐presentations of Tiruppur's entrepreneurs, as these “self‐made men” hinge their retrospective narratives of class mobility and industrial success on their propensity to “toil”. This paper explores questions of ethnographic method emerging from a political‐economic context in which globalisation has worked by turning “toil” into capital. 相似文献
10.
Suriati Ghazali 《Area》2003,35(2):183-194
The importance of social capital in both rural and urban communities is an often-published topic. By representing the operation of social capital networks, this paper explores the persistence of informal rotating credit in the livelihoods of low-income, urban households in Penang, Malaysia. It highlights the function of such credit and the ways in which it benefits poor women and their households. This paper suggests that informal credit reduces the probability of being poor, and the returns to household investment in social capital are higher for the poor than for the population at large. The downside of such social capital is also discussed. The paper concludes that informal credit is enhanced in the urban settings due to the increase in income opportunities, especially for women. 相似文献
11.
通过对技术转移与人力资本理论的分析，探讨了经济欠发达地区人力资本短缺形成机制，提出采取加大对教育的投入，稳定和充实科技队伍，改革户口制度，发展小城镇规模等措施来提高当地劳动者的素质，开发当地人力资源，形成人力资积积累，顺利实现技术转移，发展当地经济。 相似文献
12.
The concept of social capital has been used by numerous authors to investigate various topics. As yet, however, little attention has been paid to its relationship with mobility and social exclusion. Those findings which have been published suggest that the maintenance of social capital and associated networks within and between communities largely depends on mobility, but that local social networks are being undermined as a result of growing car ownership and use. This paper draws on the results of recent rural transport research to suggest that, at the same time, strong local social capital appears important in conferring mobility on certain social groups, especially those without access to a car. In the context of community transport, our analysis uses a geographic framework to attempt to explore these positions and reviews arising policy and research implications. 相似文献
13.
全球地方化视角下旅游地尺度重组——以浙江乌镇为例 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
权力、资本与空间的作用关系是马克思主义地理学的重要议题,近年来旅游地通过丰富的空间实践接驳全球化进程,为这一领域的研究提供了鲜活的案例。以浙江乌镇为研究案例,通过全球地方化的研究视角,结合Harvey的资本循环理论和Smith的尺度重组理论提出分析框架,将尺度重组理解为一种由权力、资本作用于多尺度空间而形成的复杂过程。基于质性研究方法,对乌镇从“前旅游阶段”向“旅游阶段”和“后旅游阶段”转变过程中的尺度重组进行分析。结果表明：乌镇尺度重组过程是对中国改革开放以来社会经济变革的微观映射;乌镇尺度重组是全球、国家、区域、地方等不同等级空间尺度“自上而下”和“自下而上”双向综合作用的结果;乌镇尺度重组具有作为权力、资本与空间互动作用下的方式和结果的双重属性,权力、资本与空间之间的交互逻辑是其核心机制;乌镇的空间实践在微观层面上拓展了权力、资本与空间相关探讨的研究范围。作为介于城市与农村之间的空间单元,乌镇的全球地方化实践走出了一条“兼容二元”的现实路径,这对改善中国当前城乡发展不平衡现状具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
14.
Social resources of indigenous people are valuable wealth, including the social norms, the relational network, belief, attitude as well as the social system which is accumulated from generation to generation. Those social resources are very important for local ecological resource management, which can help diffuseness and communion of skills and traditional conservation techniques for conserving and restoring the ecological sites. Social capital is one indicator of social resources, which is accepted widely. In order to investigate the role of social resources of indigenous people in local ecological resource management, the authors studied the relation between social capital of indigenous people and local ecological resource management, taking Zhangye City as an exam-ple. In this paper, social capital of indigenous people is quantified by constructing social capital index, composed of structural so-cial capital and cognitive social capital; local ecological resource management is quantified by constructing "Grain for Green Pro-ject" performance index. Based on correlation analysis approach and logistic regression analysis approach, the authors analyzed the relation between social capital and "Grain for Green Project" performance index, as well as the relations between "Grain for Green Project" performance index and other factors such as per capita net income, medical treatment and so on. Results showed that the correlation between social capital and "Grain for Green Project" performance index was positive, the coefficient was 0.761, with P<0.01. An increase of 1 unit in social capital is associated with an increase of 1.550 units in "Grain for Green Project" per-formance. With factor, such as faction, per capita net income, medical treatment, increasing 1 unit, the "Grain for Green Project" performance index will increase 3.912, 1.039 and 1.005 units, respectively. 相似文献
15.
Evelyn D. Ravuri 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2011,32(2):253-266
By the mid‐twentieth century the population and economic resources in many developing economies had become concentrated in the capital city. Planned industrial cities became an important mechanism to encourage more balanced urban systems as well as development in peripheralized regions. Venezuela boasts one of the most impressive planned industrial cities, Ciudad Guayana, constructed in 1959 in the resource rich but inaccessible Bolivar state in the southeast. This paper summarizes the lifetime migration to and from Bolivar state for the years 1950, 1971 and 2001. Whereas the majority of lifetime migrants originated from the neighbouring northeast region in 1950 and 1971, by 2001 more migrants arrived from the capital region. For lifetime outmigrants, the destination states became more diverse and less focused on the capital region. Gender ratios of lifetime migrants to and from Bolivar became more equitable as women became more prominent in migration flows. The level of urban primacy in Venezuela declined substantially after 1971 as the country became more internally integrated, although this more equitable distribution of the country's population may not have been solely a result of the creation of the growth pole, but a result of wider economic development. 相似文献
16.
干旱区典型绿洲农业生态经济系统的结构和功能分析--以塔里木河中下游的尉犁县为例 总被引：7，自引：13，他引：7
在分析农业生态系统的资源结构、农业种群结构、产业结构和空间结构的基础上．对新疆塔里木河中下游干旱区典型绿洲农业生态经济系统进行了能流、物流和价值流的分析。结果显示．在能流方面．尉犁县农田生态系统的能量产出水平和效率都处于较低水平，而较低的人工辅助能投入和有机能投入则是影响系统能量转化效率和产出率的主要原因。在物流方面。农田肥料投入结构单一。主要以化肥为主，而且，化肥使用量已超过了最适施肥量范围，造成土壤养分严重失衡。在价值流方面．农业生态经济系统价值流产投比不高。还处于单纯的农作物生产阶段。指出造成尉犁农业生态经济系统功能低下的主要原因是由于产业结构不合理．生产力水平低下。资金缺乏等因素。种植业比重过大。结构单一，风险大．增殖效果不明显。而生产成本相对较低，增殖效果好的畜牧业仅占8．31％。因而调整和优化产业结构，提高系统的经济效箍势在必行。 相似文献
17.
社会—生态系统视角下农户对禁牧政策的适应性——以宁夏盐池县为例 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了保护草原生态环境,2002年起国家全面实施“退牧还草”工程,在草原破坏严重的地区实施禁牧政策。政策实施后,草地生态明显恢复。作为草原最主要的经济活动主体和禁牧政策的最直接承受者,农户对政策的适应性直接影响政策的顺利进行以及生态环境恢复的可持续性。基于宁夏盐池县入户调查资料,研究了不同类型农户对禁牧政策的生态环境效应感知以及对禁牧政策适应能力感知,分析了不同类型农户对禁牧政策的应对策略,探讨了影响农户适应策略选择的主要因素。结果表明：（1）盐池县社会-生态系统尚处于不理想的系统稳态,生态系统恢复明显,但社会系统的适应性较低。农户普遍认为禁牧政策实施对生态环境有很大的改善,但对禁牧政策满意度感知处于中等水平,对禁牧政策适应能力的感知处于较低水平。由于生计方式和收入水平的差异,不同类型农户对禁牧政策的适应性感知差异较大。（2）不同类型农户采取不同适应策略应对禁牧政策实施造成的影响。纯农户适应策略以收缩型为主,兼业户和非农户以调节型为主,低收入和中等收入农户以收缩型为主,高收入农户以调节型为主。（3）农户对禁牧政策的适应成本、自我效能和农户拥有的人力资本、金融资本是影响农户适应性策略类型选择的主要因素。 相似文献
18.
本文阐述了“京津冀协同发展规划纲要”对首都北京的定位具有重大意义。在我国,只有首都北京才能建设成为全球性“流”的最大节点之一,全球经济影响与支配中心之一。首都北京的国家最高级的金融商贸中心地位,也是国家经济和安全的重要支柱。首都北京的定位和实现其定位是国家的千年大计,是其他任何大城市所不能替代的。对其高端金融商贸区需要科学规划,本文对此提出了若干建议。天津滨海新区由于功能定位不妥和过大规模的开发,导致了严重的浪费,教训值得认真总结。 相似文献
19.
Livelihoods in transition: transnational gold mining operations and local change in Cajamarca, Peru 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Jeffrey Bury 《The Geographical journal》2004,170(1):78-91
This paper examines how transnational gold mining operations are transforming rural household livelihoods in the Cajamarca region of Peru. In particular, this paper evaluates how Newmont Mining Corporation's Minera Yanacocha (MYSA) mining operations are altering access to the produced, human, natural and social capital resources that households utilize to produce their livelihoods. The paper argues that while access to produced and human capital resources has increased in the past decade, albeit unevenly, access to natural and social capital resources has declined. The paper begins with a discussion of new frameworks for evaluating local livelihood change and household access to resources. Subsequently, the paper describes Peru's new transnational mining sector, livelihoods and livelihood change in the Cajamarca region. The paper then presents the results of case study field research evaluating the impacts of MYSA on household access to resources in three communities. Finally, the paper concludes with a critical discussion of livelihoods frameworks and how they can contribute to geographic studies. 相似文献
20.
不同等级城市的农民工人力资本增长差异及影响因素——基于河北省清苑县的调查分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
农民工外出务工动机正由"生存型"向"发展型"转变,人力资本成为影响其城市融入的重要因素。通过对河北省清苑县的分层随机抽样调查,运用数理统计和对比分析法研究外出农民工的人力资本增长及其作用机理。结果表明:相对于进入全国中心城市和其他中小城市的农民工群体,区域中心城市的农民工技能增长的比例最高。在人力资本增长途径上,非正式学习途径效果突出,正式培训对人力资本增长的效果以区域中心城市最为显著,不仅进入该类城市的农民工能够获得更多的正式培训机会,而且企业对员工的培训频次及培训专业化程度均较另两类城市高。非正式学习受农民工学习主动性的影响,Logistic回归显示企业培训频次对技能提升主动性发挥正向作用且效果最强,而地方文化设施环境与农民工技能提升的主动性呈现负相关,全国性中心城市尤为明显。 相似文献