共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
地面微地震监测采集到的微地震信号通常能量微弱,信噪比低,如何提高微震数据的信噪比是数据处理的难题.Shearlet变换是一种新型的多尺度几何分析方法,具有敏感的方向性和较强的稀疏表示特性,能起到很好的随机噪声压制效果.由于地面微震数据的有效信号大多被淹没在噪声中,基于传统阈值的Shearlet变换（the traditional threshold-based Shearlet transform TST）只考虑到尺度或方向的阈值,在去噪过程中会过度扼制有效信号系数,造成有效信号能量损失.因而,本文建立Context模型,得到基于Context模型的Shearlet变换（the Context-model-based Shearlet transform CMST）方法,改进传统Shearlet阈值方法的不足.我们通过所建立的Context模型将能量相近的各方向系数划分为同一组,并分组估计阈值,分别处理各部分系数,达到微弱同相轴有效恢复的目的.通过TST及CMST的模拟实验与实际地面微震记录处理结果对比可知,本文方法在低信噪比条件下比对比方法更加有效地恢复地面微震数据的微弱信号,随机噪声压制效果明显,在-10 dB条件下,提升信噪比18.3741 dB. 相似文献
2.
First-break picking of microseismic data is a significant step in microseismic monitoring. There is a great error in conventional first-break picking methods based on time domain analysis in low signal to noise ratio. S-transform may provide a novel approach, it can extract the time–frequency features of the signal and reduce the picking error because of its high time–frequency resolution and good time–frequency clustering; however, the S-transform is not well suited for microseismic data with high noise. For applications to array data where the weak signal has spatial coherency as well as some distinct temporal characteristics, we propose to combine the shearlet transform with a time–frequency transform. In the proposed method, the shearlet transform is used to capture spatial coherency features of the signal. The information of the signal and noise in shearlet domain is represented by shearlet coefficients. We use the correlation of signal coefficients at adjacent fine scales to give prominence to signal features to accurately discriminate the signal from noise. The prominent signal coefficients make the signal better gathered in time–frequency spectrum of the S-transform. Finally, we can get reliable and accurate first breaks based on the change of energy. The performance of the proposed method was tested on synthetic and field microseismic data. The experimental results indicated that our method is outstanding in terms of both picking precision and adaptability to noise. 相似文献
3.
Conventional frequency domain singular value decomposition (SVD) filtering method used in random noise attenuation processing causes bending event damage. To mitigate this problem, we present a mixed Cadzow filtering method based on fractional Fourier transform to suppress random noise in 3D seismic data. First, the seismic data is transformed to the time-frequency plane via the fractional Fourier transform. Second, based on the Eigenimage filtering method and Cadzow filtering method, the mixed high-dimensional Hankel matrix is built; then, SVD is performed. Finally, random noise is eliminated effectively by reducing the rank of the matrix. The theoretical model and real applications of the mixed filtering method in a region of Sichuan show that our method can not only suppress noise effectively but also preserve the frequency and phase of effective signals quite well and significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio of 3D post-stack seismic data. 相似文献
4.
Seismic channel edge detection using 3D shearlets—a study on synthetic and real channelised 3D seismic data 
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下载免费PDF全文 Haleh Karbalaali Abdolrahim Javaherian Stephan Dahlke Rafael Reisenhofer Siyavash Torabi 《Geophysical Prospecting》2018,66(7):1272-1289
Automatic feature detection from seismic data is a demanding task in today's interpretation workstations. Channels are among important stratigraphic features in seismic data both due to their reservoir capability or drilling hazard potential. Shearlet transform as a multi‐scale and multi‐directional transformation is capable of detecting anisotropic singularities in two and higher dimensional data. Channels occur as edges in seismic data, which can be detected based on maximizing the shearlet coefficients through all sub‐volumes at the finest scale of decomposition. The detected edges may require further refinement through the application of a thinning methodology. In this study, a three‐dimensional, pyramid‐adapted, compactly supported shearlet transform was applied to synthetic and real channelised, three‐dimensional post‐stack seismic data in order to decompose the data into different scales and directions for the purpose of channel boundary detection. In order to be able to compare the edge detection results based on three‐dimensional shearlet transform with some famous gradient‐based edge detectors, such as Sobel and Canny, a thresholding scheme is necessary. In both synthetic and real data examples, the three‐dimensional shearlet edge detection algorithm outperformed Sobel and Canny operators even in the presence of Gaussian random noise. 相似文献
5.
地震勘探资料噪声压制及信噪比提高是整个地震勘探信号处理过程中的重要任务,随着地震勘探深度的增加及其复杂性,人们对地震数据质量的要求越来越高.勘探环境的复杂化使得采集到的地震资料中有效信号被大量噪声淹没,无法清晰辨识,严重影响后续的数据处理与解释.小波去噪是地震勘探中常用且发展较成熟的一种方法,但是其涉及到的阈值函数选取问题一直令人困扰,虽然已有多种阈值函数被提出,但仍存在各自的缺陷.本文利用小波分解在时域及频域良好的信号细节体现特性,引入模式识别中的非负矩阵分解(NMF)谱分离思想,针对小波系数阈值优化问题,提出了一种小波域图非负矩阵分解(GNMF)消噪算法.该方法首先在小波分解基础上,利用GNMF算法实现小波分解系数谱中信号分量与噪声分量的谱分离,然后通过反变换重构各分离子谱对应的子信号,最后利用K均值聚类算法将得到的多个子信号划分为信号类及噪声类,最终得到重构信号及分离噪声.合成记录和实际地震资料的消噪结果验证了新方法在提高信号与噪声分离准确性和精度方面的有效性,同时新方法避免了阈值选取造成的噪声压制不理想或有效成分损失问题.与小波消噪结果的对比及数值分析也说明了新方法在噪声压制及有效成分保持方面的优势. 相似文献
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电磁法数据处理的奇异值分解法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文提出用奇异值分解方法处理电磁响应数据.根据电磁响应数据的奇异值分布特征,可以指出有用信号和随机误差所对应的奇异值范围.截断随机误差所对应的奇异值,利用与有用信号对应的特征象重构数据,可以消除随机误差.对加入随机噪声的理论数据处理的结果表明,这种方法的效果明显,随机噪声的标准差可降低60％多.另外,利用不同区段的特征象重构数据,可区分不同级次的电磁响应特征.最后,给出对实测数据处理的结果. 相似文献
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Most of the microseismic signals have low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to the strong background noise, which makes it difficult to locate the first arrival time. Both accuracy and stability of conventional methods are poor in this situation. To overcome this problem, here we proposed a new method based on the adaptive Morlet wavelet and principal component analysis process in wavelet coefficients matrix. The three components of microseismic signal make it possible to extract the features in wavelet coefficients domain. Then the reconstructed signal from weighted features presents an obvious first arrival. Tests on synthetic signals and real data provide a solid evidence for its feasibility in low SNR microseismic signal. 相似文献
8.
地震数据本质上是时变的,不仅有效同相轴表现出确定性信号的时变特征,而且复杂地表和构造条件以及深部探测环境总是引入时变的非平稳随机噪声.标准的频率-空间域预测滤波只适合压制平面波信号假设下的平稳随机噪声,而处理非平稳地震随机噪声时,需要将数据体分割为小窗口进行分析,但效果不够理想,而传统非预测类随机噪声压制方法往往适应性不高,因此开发能够保护地震信号时变特征的随机噪声压制方法具有重要的工业价值.压缩感知是近年出现的一个新的采样理论,通过开发信号的稀疏特性,已经在地震数据处理中的数据插值以及噪声压制中得到了应用.本文系统地分析了压缩感知理论框架下的地震随机噪声压制问题,建立了阈值消噪的数学反演目标函数;针对时变有效信息具有的可压缩性,利用有限差分算法求解炮检距连续方程,构建有限差分炮检距连续预测算子(FDOC),在seislet变换框架下,提出一种新的快速稀疏变换域———FDOC-seislet变换,实现地震数据的高度稀疏表征;结合非平稳随机噪声不可压缩的特征,提出了一种整形迭代消噪方法,该方法是一种广义的迭代收缩阈值(IST)算法,在无法计算稀疏变换伴随算子的条件下,仍然能够对强噪声环境中的时变有效信息进行有效恢复.通过对模型数据和实际数据的处理,验证了FDOC-seislet稀疏变换域随机噪声迭代压制方法能够在保护复杂构造地震波信息的前提下,有效地衰减原始数据中的强振幅随机噪声干扰. 相似文献
9.
Denoising of full-tensor gravity-gradiometer data involves detailed information from field sources, especially the data mixed with high-frequency random noise. We present a denoising method based on the translation-invariant wavelet with mixed thresholding and adaptive threshold to remove the random noise and retain the data details. The novel mixed thresholding approach is devised to filter the random noise based on the energy distribution of the wavelet coefficients corresponding to the signal and random noise. The translationinvariant wavelet suppresses pseudo-Gibbs phenomena, and the mixed thresholding better separates the wavelet coefficients than traditional thresholding. Adaptive Bayesian threshold is used to process the wavelet coefficients according to the specific characteristics of the wavelet coefficients at each decomposition scale. A two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform is used to denoise gridded data for better computational efficiency. The results of denoising model and real data suggest that compared with Gaussian regional filter, the proposed method suppresses the white Gaussian noise and preserves the high-frequency information in gravity-gradiometer data. Satisfactory denoising is achieved with the translation-invariant wavelet. 相似文献
10.
同时震源数据包含了多炮之间的串扰噪声,不能直接用于常规数据处理流程.因此,需要对混叠的波场进行分离得到常规采集的单炮记录.本文基于稀疏迭代反演分离,提出了一种具有尺度与空间自适应的Wiener阈值选取方法.该阈值选取方法能够根据不同迭代环境计算不同尺度下串扰噪声的方差和不同空间位置有效信号的方差,从而自适应调整阈值大小,最终通过对变换域系数进行收缩来达到去除串扰噪声的目的.理论模型数据和实际数据测试结果表明,本文方法能够快速有效地压制串扰噪声和保护弱有效信号,取得了比Contourlet域子带一致Wiener阈值方法和Curvelet域指数衰减阈值方法更好的分离效果. 相似文献
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将基于倾角扫描的奇异值分解与经验模式分解法相结合应用到地震资料随机噪声压制中。首先利用经验模式分解法消除部分噪声,增强地震道有效信号的相关性,再利用奇异值分解对地震信号进行同相轴自动追踪,截取小时窗数据体,并进行同相轴拉平处理,经SVD计算小时窗数据中心点的值来代替计算样点的值,最终实现随机噪声的压制。理论模型试算和实际资料处理表明,本文提出的EMD-SVD方法简单易行,比单一的SVD方法去噪效果更显著有效地消除了地震资料中的随机噪声,提高了地震资料的信噪比,并改善了叠加剖面的质量。 相似文献
12.
随着山地和丘陵地震勘探环境的复杂化,传统的消噪方法已经难以有效地压制地震记录中的随机噪声.Shearlet变换是一种新的多尺度多方向的时频分析方法,具有良好的稀疏表示特性,并且在每个尺度进行方向分解,非常适合用于地震信号随机噪声的压制.但是传统的Shearlet变换去噪方法采用的是硬阈值,在抑制随机噪声的同时也消除了很多有效信号,使得去噪之后的地震资料出现虚假的同相轴,为了解决这一问题我们提出高阶加权阈值函数.高阶加权阈值函数不但整体上连续性较好,而且克服了硬阈值函数存在剧烈的变化的缺点以及软阈值在处理较大Shearlet系数总存在恒定偏差的问题,同时保留了传统的软硬阈值函数的优点.实验结果表明这种基于高阶加权阈值函数的Shearlet变换去噪的方法,可以有效的消除模拟地震信号和实际丘陵地带地震信号中的随机噪声,同时很好的保留有效信号的幅度. 相似文献
13.
Random noise attenuation, preserving the events and weak features by improving signal‐to‐noise ratio and resolution of seismic data are the most important issues in geophysics. To achieve this objective, we proposed a novel seismic random noise attenuation method by building a compound algorithm. The proposed method combines sparsity prior regularization based on shearlet transform and anisotropic variational regularization. The anisotropic variational regularization which is based on the linear combination of weighted anisotropic total variation and anisotropic second‐order total variation attenuates noises while preserving the events of seismic data and it effectively avoids the fine‐scale artefacts due to shearlets from the restored seismic data. The proposed method is formulated as a convex optimization problem and the split Bregman iteration is applied to solve the optimization problem. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we test it on several synthetic seismic datasets and real datasets. Compared with three methods (the linear combination of weighted anisotropic total variation and anisotropic second‐order total variation, shearlets and shearlet‐based weighted anisotropic total variation), the numerical experiments indicate that the proposed method attenuates random noises while alleviating artefact and preserving events and features of seismic data. The obtained result also confirms that the proposed method improves the signal‐to‐noise ratio. 相似文献
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随着陆地地震勘探工作的加深,勘探环境变得越来越复杂,获得的地震信号信噪比越来越低,这给地震成像和数据解释带来了巨大的困难.为了解决这一技术难题,本文针对云南山地金属矿区的勘探环境提出了一种基于自适应阈值递归循环平移的Shearlet变换去噪算法（Recursive Cycle Spinning Shearlet Transform,RCSST）.首次将递归循环平移与Shearlet变换相结合,利用Shearlet变换的多尺度多方向特性对平移后的地震资料进行分解变换,之后,我们又提出了一种全新的自适应阈值,避免了信号系数被过度扼杀,同时也保护了有效信号.实验表明基于自适应阈值的RCSST算法克服了传统Shearlet变换去噪算法在低信噪比下易出现假轴的弊端并且能够有效地保护信号的幅度.在处理较低信噪比的模拟和实际云南山地地区地震资料的过程中,本文方法能够较好的压制随机噪声和保护有效信号. 相似文献
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井下微震监测获得的地震记录往往包含大量的噪声,记录信噪比很低.有效地震信号的识别与提取是进行后续地震定位等工作之前需要优先解决的问题.经过研究发现,井下水压裂微地震信号具有稀疏分布的特征,而井下环境噪声则具有更多的Gaussian分布特征.为此,本文提出将图像处理领域适宜于稀疏分布信号降噪处理的稀疏码收缩方法应用于井下微震监测数据处理.为解决需要利用与待处理数据中有效信号成分具有相似分布特征的无噪信号序列估算正交基以及计算效率等问题,将原方法与小波变换理论相结合.即通过优选小波基函数作为正交基进行小波变换将信号分解为不同级的小波系数,利用稀疏码收缩方法中对稀疏编码施加的非线性收缩方式作为阈值准则对小波系数进行改造.通过多方面的数值实验证明了该方法在处理地震子波及井下微地震信号方面准确可靠.含噪记录经过处理后有效地震信号的到时、波形、时频谱特征等均能得到良好的识别和恢复.并且该方法具有很强的抗噪能力,当信噪比低至-20~-30db时,仍然能够发挥作用.在处理大量实际井下微震监测数据的过程中,面对多种复杂情况,本方法展现出了计算效率高、计算结果可靠、应用简单等优势,证明了其本身具有实际应用价值,值得进一步的研究和推广. 相似文献
16.
噪声衰减是探地雷达信号处理中的关键问题之一。当探测目标埋藏深度比较浅时,其反射信号与直耦信号和地面回波信号相互重叠,直接影响目标反射波到达时刻的检测及目标的正确定位。针对这个问题,本文提出了一种基于Curvelet变换的噪声衰减方法。通过对理论数值模拟数据和实测数据的处理,以及与平均消去法和二维连续小波该方法处理结果的对比,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。处理结果显示,该方法不仅可以去除背景噪声、同时可以衰减倾斜相关的相干干扰和数据中的随机噪声。与二维连续小波变换方法相比有更高的计算效率。 相似文献
17.
An application of waveform denoising for microseismic data using polarization–linearity and time–frequency thresholding 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Jubran Akram 《Geophysical Prospecting》2018,66(5):872-893
Noise suppression or signal‐to‐noise ratio enhancement is often desired for better processing results from a microseismic dataset. In this paper, a polarization–linearity and time–frequency‐thresholding‐based approach is used for denoising waveforms. A polarization–linearity filter is initially applied to preserve the signal intervals and suppress the noise amplitudes. This is followed by time–frequency thresholding for further signal‐to‐noise ratio enhancement in the S transform domain. The parameterisation for both polarization filter and time–frequency thresholding is also discussed. Finally, real microseismic data examples are shown to demonstrate the improvements in processing results when denoised waveforms are considered in the workflow. The results indicate that current denoising approach effectively suppresses the background noise and preserves the vector fidelity of signal waveform. Consequently, the quality of event detection, arrival‐time picking, and hypocenter location improves. 相似文献
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Microseismic monitoring has proven invaluable for optimizing hydraulic fracturing stimulations and monitoring reservoir changes. The signal to noise ratio of the recorded microseismic data varies enormously from one dataset to another, and it can often be very low, especially for surface monitoring scenarios. Moreover, the data are often contaminated by correlated noises such as borehole waves in the downhole monitoring case. These issues pose a significant challenge for microseismic event detection. In addition, for downhole monitoring, the location of microseismic events relies on the accurate polarization analysis of the often weak P‐wave to determine the event azimuth. Therefore, enhancing the microseismic signal, especially the low signal to noise ratio P‐wave data, has become an important task. In this study, a statistical approach based on the binary hypothesis test is developed to detect the weak events embedded in high noise. The method constructs a vector space, known as the signal subspace, from previously detected events to represent similar, yet significantly variable microseismic signals from specific source regions. Empirical procedures are presented for building the signal subspace from clusters of events. The distribution of the detection statistics is analysed to determine the parameters of the subspace detector including the signal subspace dimension and detection threshold. The effect of correlated noise is corrected in the statistical analysis. The subspace design and detection approach is illustrated on a dual‐array hydrofracture monitoring dataset. The comparison between the subspace approach, array correlation method, and array short‐time average/long‐time average detector is performed on the data from the far monitoring well. It is shown that, at the same expected false alarm rate, the subspace detector gives fewer false alarms than the array short‐time average/long‐time average detector and more event detections than the array correlation detector. The additionally detected events from the subspace detector are further validated using the data from the nearby monitoring well. The comparison demonstrates the potential benefit of using the subspace approach to improve the microseismic viewing distance. Following event detection, a novel method based on subspace projection is proposed to enhance weak microseismic signals. Examples on field data are presented, indicating the effectiveness of this subspace‐projection‐based signal enhancement procedure. 相似文献
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A method to identify the P-arrival of microseismic signals is proposed in this work, based on the algorithm of intrinsic timescale decomposition (ITD). Using the results of ITD decomposition of observed data, information of instantaneous amplitude and frequency can be determined. The improved ratio function of short-time average over long-time average and the information of instantaneous frequency are applied to the time-frequency-energy denoised signal for picking the P-arrival of the microseismic signal. We compared the proposed method with the wavelet transform method based on the denoised signal resulting from the best basis wavelet packet transform and the single-scale reconstruction of the wavelet transform. The comparison results showed that the new method is more effective and reliable for identifying P-arrivals of microseismic signals. 相似文献